The Graysonia, Nashville & Ashdown Railroad was a shortline rail carrier in the state of Arkansas, with rails running from Nashville, Arkansas to Ashdown, Arkansas.^[1] It operated from 1922 to 1998.^[1][2]

The trackage can be traced to the Memphis, Paris and Gulf Railroad, incorporated in 1906.^[3] That line's original vision was to link Nashville, Arkansas to Memphis, Tennessee and Paris, Texas.^[3] The name changed in 1910 to the Memphis, Dallas and Gulf Railway.^[3] The railroad constructed a line from Ashland, Arkansas to Shawmut, Arkansas, about 61 miles.^[1] When the railroad went into foreclosure in 1922, the Graysonia, Nashville & Ashdown was incorporated to purchase the entire Ashland-to-Shawmut route.^[1] However, 19 miles were abandoned, and the 15-mile segment from Nashville to Murfreesboro ended up with the new Murfreesboro, Nashville, Southwestern Railway, which ran it until the that line too was abandoned in 1952.^[1][4][5] That left the Graysonia with about 27 miles from Nashville to Ashdown.^[1] (Graysonia, Arkansas, then a lumber mill town and now a ghost town, did not end up on the final route, being northeast of and not between Nashville and Ashdown.)^[6][7]

By mid-century, 75% of the Graysonia’s business came from hauling cement and quarry rock.^[2] The trackage was relocated in the 1960s to make room for a dam project.^[2] In 1998, the line was purchased by the Kansas City Southern.^[2]

The trackage was subsequently leased to Watco in 2005, and is currently operated by the Arkansas Southern Railroad.^[2][8]

In 1926, the line obtained a Baldwin 2-6-0 “Mogul” steam freight engine, originally numbered as #203 but later renumbered as #26.^[9] That engine, sold by the line in 1952, is now on static display at the Illinois Railway Museum as the Graysonia Nashville & Ashdown 26.^[9]

Other locomotives used at one time or another include #55, an Alco S4 diesel;^[10] #74R, also an S4;^[11] and, #80, an EMD MP15DC diesel.^[12]

The Graysonia train depot in Ashdown, Arkansas appears on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Little River County, Arkansas as the Memphis, Paris and Gulf Railroad Depot.^[13]