Great_Khans
The following is a list of Mongol rulers.
The list of states is chronological but follows the development of different dynasties.
Further information: List of medieval Mongol tribes and clans and Khamag Mongol
More information Ruler, Reign ...
| Ruler | Reign | Information |
|---|---|---|
| Kaidu | 1030 - 1060 | The first Khan to unite the Mongol clans[1] |
| Khabul Khan | c. 1130 - 1148 | The first Khan of the Khamag Mongol confederation[2] |
| Ambaghai Khan | 1148 - 1156 | The second Khan of the Khamag Mongol confederation |
| Hotula Khan | 1156 - 1161 | The third Khan of the Khamag Mongol confederation |
| Yesugei | c. 1160 - 1171 | De facto ruler of the Khamag Mongol confederation |
| Genghis Khan | 1160 - 1206 | Chieftain of the Borjigin clan |
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Further information: Mongol Empire
Great Khans and Yuan dynasty
For a more comprehensive list, see List of Yuan emperors.
Before Kublai Khan announced the dynastic name "Great Yuan" in 1271, Khagans (Great Khans) of the Mongol Empire (Ikh Mongol Uls) already started to use the Chinese title of Emperor (Chinese: 皇帝; pinyin: Huángdì) practically in the Chinese language since Genghis Khan (as 成吉思皇帝; 'Genghis Emperor').
With the establishment of the Yuan dynasty in 1271, the Kublaids became Yuan emperors, who took on a dual identity of Khagan for the Mongols and Huangdi for ethnic Han.
More information Ruler, Reign ...
| Ruler | Reign | Information |
|---|---|---|
| Genghis Khan | 1206 - 1227 | The first Khan of the Mongol Empire |
| Tolui Khan | 1227 - 1229 | Regent of the Mongol Empire until his brother, Ögedei became Khan |
| Ögedei Khan | September 13, 1229 - December 11, 1241 | The second Khan of the Mongol Empire |
| Töregene Khatun | 1242 - 1246 | Regent of the Mongol Empire until the election of her son, Güyük Khan |
| Güyük Khan | August 24, 1246 - April 20, 1248 | The third Khan of the Mongol Empire |
| Oghul Qaimish | 1248 - 1251 | Regent of the Mongol Empire until her death in 1251 |
| Möngke Khan | July 1, 1251 - August 11, 1259 | The fourth Khan of the Mongol Empire |
| Ariq Böke | August 11, 1259 - August 12, 1264 | Claimed the title of Great Khan and fought against Kublai in the Toluid Civil War. |
| Kublai Khan | December 18, 1271 - February 18, 1294 | The first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty |
| Temür Khan | May 10, 1294 - February 10, 1307 | The second emperor of the Yuan Dynasty |
| Külüg Khan | June 21, 1307 - January 27, 1311 | The third emperor of the Yuan Dynasty |
| Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan | April 7, 1311 - March 1, 1320 | The fourth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty |
| Gegeen Khan | April 19, 1320 - September 4, 1323 | The fifth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty |
| Yesün Temür | October 4, 1323 - August 15, 1328 | The sixth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty |
| Ragibagh Khan | October 1328 - November 14, 1328 | The seventh emperor of the Yuan Dynasty |
| Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür | October 16, 1328 - February 26, 1329[3] (first reign) September 8, 1329 – September 2, 1332 (second reign) |
The eighth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty |
| Khutughtu Khan Kusala | February 27, 1329 - August 30, 1329 | The ninth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. Seized the throne from Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür. |
| Rinchinbal Khan | October 23, 1332 – December 14, 1332 | The tenth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty |
| Toghon Temür | July 19, 1333 – September 10, 1368[3] | The eleventh emperor and last emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. Also the first emperor of the Northern Yuan Dynasty. |
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Golden Horde
For a more comprehensive list, see List of Khans of the Golden Horde.
See also: Wings of the Golden Horde
- Batu Khan (1227–1255)
- Sartaq (1255–56)
- Ulaghchi (1257)
- Berke (1257–1266)
- Mengu-Timur (1266–1282)
- Tuda Mengu (1282–1287)
- Talabuga (1287–1291)
- Toqta (1291–1312)
- Uzbeg Khan (1312–1341)
- Tini Beg (1341–1342)
- Jani Beg (1342–1357)
- Berdi Beg (1357–1361)
- Qulpa (1359–1360)
- Nawruz Beg (1360–1361)
- Khidr (1361–1362)
- Timur Khwaja (1362)
- Abdallah (1362–1370), actual ruler was Mamai
- Murad (1362–1367), actual ruler was Mamai
- Aziz (1367–1369), actual ruler was Mamai
- Jani Beg II (1369–1370), actual ruler was Mamai
- Muhammad Bolak (1370–1379), actual ruler was Mamai
- Tulun Beg Khanum (1370–1373), actual ruler was Mamai
- Aig Beg (1373–1376), actual ruler was Mamai
- Arab Shaykh (1376–1379), actual ruler was Mamai
- Kagan Beg (1375–1376), actual ruler was Mamai
- Ilbani (1373–1376), actual ruler was Mamai
- Hajji Cherkes (1375–1376), actual ruler was Mamai
- Urus Khan (1376–1378), Urus was also Khan of the White Horde and uncle of Toqtamish, allowing the Hordes to unite.
- Muhammad Bolaq (1375), actual ruler was Mamai
- Ghiyath-ud-din Khaqan Beg (1375–1377)
- Toqtaqiya (1377)
- Arab Shah Muzaffar (1377–1380), actual ruler was Mamai
- Timur-Malik (1377–1378)
- Ghiyath-ud-din Khaqan Beg (1375–1377)
- Tokhtamysh (1380–1395)
- Temür Qutlugh (1396–1401), actual ruler was Edigu
- Shadi Beg (1399–1407), actual ruler was Edigu
- Pulad (1407–1410), actual ruler was Edigu
- Temür (1410–1412)
- Jalal ad-Din khan (1411–1412)
- Feicüs al-Doste (1413–1414)
- Karimberdi
- Kebeg
- Jabbar Berdi (1417–1419)
- Olugh Mokhammad (1419–1421, 1428–1433)
- Dawlat Berdi (1419–1421, 1427–1432)
- Baraq (1422–1427)
- Seyid Akhmed (1433–1435)
- Küchük Muhammad (1435–1459)
- Mahmud (1459–1465)
- Ahmed (1465–1481)
- Shayk Ahmad (1481–1498, 1499–1502)
- Murtada (1498–1499)
Left wing (White Horde)
Further information: White Horde
- Orda (1226–1251)
- Qun Quran (1251–c.1280)
- Köchü (c.1280–1302)
- Buyan (Bayan) (1302–1309)
- Sasibuqa (1309–1315)
- Ilbasan (1315–1320)
- Mubarak Khwaja (1320–1344)
- Chimtay (1344–1374)
- Urus (1374–1376)
- Toqtaqiya (1376)
- Timur-Malik (1377)
- Tokhtamysh (1377–1378)
- Koiruchik (1378–1399)
- Baraq (1423–1428)
- Muhammed (1428–1431)
- Mustafa (1431–1446)
This Horde was annexed by Abu'l-Khayr Khan of the Shaybanids in 1446.
Right wing (Blue Horde)
Further information: Blue Horde
Actual rulers of the Golden Horde (Jochid Ulus, Kipchak Khanate) were members of the House of Batu until 1361.
More information Ruler, Reign ...
| Ruler | Reign | Information |
|---|---|---|
| Batu Khan | 1227 - 1255 | The first Khan of the Golden Horde and the first Khan of its Western Half (the Blue Horde). |
| Sartaq Khan | 1256 - 1257 | The second Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |
| Ulaghchi | 1257 | The third Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. The last Khan of the Golden Horde that believed in Tengrism. |
| Berke Khan | 1257 - 1266 | The fourth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. The first Islamic Khan of the Golden Horde and supporter of Ariq Böke in the Toluid Civil War. |
| Mengu-Timur | 1266 - 1280 | The fifth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |
| Tode Mongke | 1280 - 1287 | The sixth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |
| Talabuga | 1287 - 1291 | The seventh Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |
| Toqta | 1291 - 1312 | The eighth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |
| Özbeg Khan | 1313 - 1341 | The ninth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |
| Tini Beg | 1341 - 1342 | The tenth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |
| Jani Beg | 1342 - 1357 | The eleventh Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |
| Berdi Beg | 1357 - 1359 | The twelve Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. |
| Qulpa | August 1359 - February 1360 | The thirteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. |
| Nawruz Beg | 1360 | The fourteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. |
| Khiḍr Khan | 1360 - 1361 | The fifteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. |
| Timur Khwaja | 1361 | The sixteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. |
| Ordu Malik | 1361 | The seventeenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. |
| Kildi Beg | 1361 - 1362 | The eighteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |
| Abdallāh | 1361 - 1370 | The nineteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai. |
| Tulun Beg Khanum | 1370 - 1371 | The first Queen of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. |
| Muhammad Sultan | 1370/1371 - 1379 | The twentieth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai. |
| Tulak | 1379 - 1380 | The twenty-first Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai. |
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Great Horde (1466–1502)
Main article: Great Horde
Ilkhanate
Further information: Ilkhanate
- Hülëgü (1256–1265)
- Abaqa (1265–1282)
- Tekuder (1282–1284)
- Arghun (1284–1291)
- Gaykhatu (1291–1295)
- Baydu (1295)
- Ghazan (1295–1304)
- Öljaitü (1304–1316)
- Abu Sa'id (1316–1335)
- Arpa Ke'ün (1335–1336)
After the murder of Arpa, the regional states established during the disintegration of the Ilkhanate raised their own candidates as claimants.
- Musa (1336–1337) (puppet of 'Ali Padshah of Baghdad)
- Muhammad (1336–1338) (Jalayirid puppet)
- Sati Beg (1338–1339) (Chobanid puppet)
- Sulayman (1339–1343) (Chobanid puppet, recognized by the Sarbadars 1341–1343)
- Jahan Temür (1339–1340) (Jalayirid puppet)
- Anushirwan (1343–1356) (non-dynastic Chobanid puppet)
- Ghazan II (1356–1357) (known only from coinage)
Claimants from eastern Persia (Khurasan):
- Togha Temür (c. 1338–1353) (recognized by the Kartids 1338–1349; by the Jalayirids 1338–1339, 1340–1344; by the Sarbadars 1338–1341, 1344, 1353)
- Luqman (1353–1388) (son of Togha Temür)
Chobanids (1335–1357)
Main article: Chobanids
Jalayirid Sultanate (1335–1432)
Main article: Jalayirid Sultanate
Injuids (1335–1357)
Main article: Injuids
Arghun dynasty (1479?–1599?)
Main article: Arghun dynasty
Chagatai Khanate
For a more comprehensive list, see List of Chagatai khans.
- Chagatai Khan 1226–1242
- Qara Hülëgü 1242–1246 d. 1252
- Yesü Möngke 1246–1252
- Qara Hülëgü (restored) 1252
- Mubarak Shah 1252–1260
- Orghana Khatun (fem.), regent 1252–1260
- Alghu 1260–1266
- Mubarak Shah (restored) 1266
- Baraq 1266–1270
- Negübei 1270–c. 1272
- Buqa Temür c. 1272–1287
- Duwa 1287–1307
- Könchek 1306–1308
- Taliqu 1308–1309
- Kebek 1309 d. 1325
- Esen Buqa I 1309–c. 1318
- Kebek (restored) c. 1318–1325
- Eljigidey 1325–1329
- Duwa Temür 1329–1330
- Aladdin Tarmashirin 1331–1334
- Buzan 1334–1335
- Changshi 1335–1338
- Yesun Temur c. 1338–c. 1342 with...
- 'Ali-Sultan 1342
- Muhammad I ibn Pulad 1342–1343
- Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur 1343–1346
- Danishmendji 1346–1348
The Chagatai Khanate was split into two parts, the Western Chagatai Khanate and the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan).
Western Chagatai Khanate
- Bayan Qulï 1348–1358
- Shah Temür 1358
- Tughlugh Timur (in Mogulistan 1348–1363) 1358–1363
- Ilyas Khodja (in Mogulistan 1363–1368) 1363 d. 1368
- Adil-Sultan 1363
- Khabul Shah 1364–1370
From 1370 on, the Western Chagatai Khans were puppets of Timur.
- Suurgatmish 1370–1388
- Sultan Mahmud (Mohammed II) 1388–1402
Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan)
Further information: Moghulistan
Moghulistan was split into the Turpan Khanate and Yarkent Khanate in the late 15th century.
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Turpan Khanate
Further information: Turpan Khanate
Yarkent Khanate
Further information: Yarkent Khanate
Kara Del (1383–1513)
Main article: Kara Del
For a more comprehensive list, see List of Northern Yuan khans.
Khagans of the Mongols or Northern Yuan dynasty (rump state of Yuan dynasty until 1388):
- Toghon Temür (1368–1370)
- Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara (1370–1378)
- Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür (1378–1388)
- Jorightu Khan Yesüder (1388–1391) – descendant of Ariq Böke
- Engke Khan (1391–1394) – descendant of Ariq Böke
- Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan (1394–1399)
- Gün Temür Khan (1399–1402) – descendant of Ariq Böke
- Örüg Temür Khan (nickname Guilichi) (1402–1408) – descendant of Ögedei
- Öljei Temür Khan (Bunyashiri) (1408–1412)
- Delbeg Khan (Dalbag) (1412–1415) – descendant of Ariq Böke
- Oyiradai (1415–1425) – descendant of Ariq Böke
- Adai Khan (1425–1438) – descendant of Ögedei
- Tayisung Khan Toghtoa Bukha (1433–1452)
- Agbarjin (1453)
- Esen taishi – the leader of the Oirats (1453–1454) – non-Chingisid
- Markörgis Khan (Ükegtü) (1454–1465)
- Molon Khan (1465–1466)
- Manduul Khan (1475–1478)
- Dayan Khan (Batu Möngke) (1478–1516)
- Bars Bolud Jinong (deputy)
- Bodi Alagh Khan (1516–1547)
- Daraisung Guden Khan (1547–1557)
- Tümen Jasagtu Khan (1557–1592)
- Buyan Sechen Khan (1592–1604)
- Ligdan Khan (1604–1634)
- Ejei Khan (1634–1635)
Independent Khalkha Mongol Khans (before Outer Mongolia merged into the Manchu Qing dynasty):
Tüsheet Khans
See also: Tüsheet Khan
- Abtai Sain Khan (1567–1588)
- Eriyekhei Mergen Khan (1589–?)
- Gombodorji Khan (d. 1655)
- Chakhun Dorji Khan (1654–1698)
Jasagtu Khans
- Laikhur Khan
- Subandai Khan
- Norbu Bisireltü Khan (d. 1661)
- Chambun Khan (1670?–)
- Zenggün
- Shara (d. 1687)
Sechen Khans
- Sholoi (1627–1652), son of Morbuim, succeeded his brother Khar Zagal in 1627. First with the title of Setsen Khan.
- Babu (1652–1683), fifth son of Sholoi.
- Norov (1683–1688), third son of Babu.
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Ancestry of Navaanneren /1910–1922/, eldest son of Tserendondov, who was the son of Orjinjav the son of Artased.
Altan Khan of the Khalkha
See also: Altan Khan of the Khalkha
- Ubasi Khong Tayiji (Shului Ubasha Khong Tayiji) (?-1623)
- Badma Erdeni Khong Tayiji (1623-?)
- Erinchin Lobsang Tayiji (or Lobdzang or Rinchen Sayin Khong Tayiji) (1658–91)
Four Oirat (1399–1634)
Further information: Four Oirat
- Khuuhai Dayuu (c. 1399)
- Ugetchi Khashikha (Mongolian: Ögöchi Khashikha; Mönkhtömör)
- Batula Chinsan (Bahamu, Mahamud) (1399–1408)
- Togoon Tayisi (Toghan) (1408–1438)
- Esen (1438–1454)
- Amasanj (1454–1455)
- Ush-Temür (Ish-Temür) (1455–1469)
- Khishig Urlugh
- Arkhan Chingsang
Dzungar Khanate
Further information: Dzungar Khanate
- Khara Khula (d. 1634)
- Baatur Khung-Taiji (1634–1653)
- Sengge (1653–1670)
- Galdan Boshugtu Khan (1670–1697)
- Tsewang Arabtan (1694–1727)
- Galdan Tseren Khan (1727–1745)
- Tsewang-Dorji-Namjil (1746–1749)
- Lamdarja (1749–1752)
- Dawachi (1752–1755)
Khans of Khoshut Khanate
Further information: Khoshut Khanate
- Güshi Khan Toro-Baikhu (1642–1655)
- Dayan Ochir Khan (1655–1669)
- Gonchug Dalai Khan (1669–1698)
- Lhazang Chingis Khan (1698–1717)
Khotgoid Khanate (late 16th century – late 17th century)
Main articles: Altan Khan of Khalkha and Khotogoid
Torghud khans of the Kalmyk Khanate
Further information: Kalmyk Khanate
- Kho Orluk (d. 1644)
- Shukhur Daichin (1644–1661)
- Puntsuk (1661–1669)
- Ayuka Khan (1669–1724)
- Tseren Donduk Khan (1724–1735)
- Donduk Ombo Khan (1735–1741)
- Donduk Dashi Khan (1741–1761)
- Ubashi Khan (1762–1771)
Main article: Bogd Khanate of Mongolia
More information Ruler, Photo ...
| Ruler | Photo | Reign | Seal | Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bogd Khan | December 29, 1911 - May 20, 1924 |  |
The first and only Khan of the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia. Also the eighth Jebtsundamba Khutuktu. |
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Citations
- René Grousset. "Le conquérant du monde: vie de Gengis-Khan". www.rulit.me. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
- Кычанов Е. И. (1995). Жизнь Темучжина, думавшего покорить мир: Чингис-хан. Личность и эпоха (2-е изд., перераб. и доп ed.). Moscow: Издательская фирма «Восточная литература» РАН; Школа-Пpecc. p. 18. ISBN 5-02-017390-8.
- Moule 1957, p. 104.
Sources
- Dughlát Muhammad Haidar, Norbert Elias, Edward Denison Ross – The Tarikh-i-rashidi
- Henry Hoyle Howorth-History of the Mongols
- Herbert Franke, Denis Twitchett, John King Fairbank -The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907–1368
- William Bayne Fisher, Peter Jackson, Laurence Lockhart, J. A. Boyle -The Cambridge history of Iran, 5
- Konstantin Nikolaevich Maksimov – Kalmykia in Russia's past and present national policies and administrative system
- Moule, Arthur C. (1957). The Rulers of China, 221 BC-AD 1949. London: Routledge. OCLC 223359908.