Florida Panthers

Campbell was drafted 67th overall by the Florida Panthers in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. He played two NHL games in 2003–04, but did not register a point in the contests. He scored his first goal in the 2005–06 NHL season in a 4–3 loss to the Montreal Canadiens against goaltender Yann Danis.

Boston Bruins

On June 22, 2010, Campbell was traded by the Panthers, along with Nathan Horton, to the Boston Bruins in exchange for Dennis Wideman and a first-round draft pick (15th overall) in 2010 and a third-round pick in 2011.^[6]

In the 2010–11 season, Campbell set a career high in penalty minutes (93) and tied for a career high in goals (13). During the 2011 Stanley Cup playoffs, he centred the Bruins' top penalty killing unit, which notably neutralized the potent Vancouver Canucks' power play in the Stanley Cup Finals, limiting them to just two power play goals through the seven-game series. On June 15, 2011, Campbell won the Stanley Cup with the Bruins. At the end of the next off-season, on June 12, 2012, he re-signed a three-year, $4.8 million contract extension.^[7]

On June 5, 2013, during Game 3 of the Eastern Conference Finals, Campbell suffered a broken right fibula after throwing himself in front of an Evgeni Malkin slapshot during a crucial penalty kill against the Pittsburgh Penguins. Campbell regained his footing, however, and despite being unable to put any pressure on his right leg, he remained on the ice for more than a minute. In doing so, he helped kill off the Penguins power play before painstakingly skating himself to the bench. While Campbell exited the Ice, Bruins fans were heard to be chanting "Campbell, Campbell!" in support of the beloved Bruin. The Bruins went on to win the game 2–1 in double overtime, ultimately progressing to the Finals against the Chicago Blackhawks.^[8] They would lose to Chicago in six games, but Campbell did not play any in any Finals games due to his injury.

Despite concerns, Campbell was ready to go for the 2013–14 season opener for the Bruins.^[9] Campbell stayed in his usual role, centering the fourth line (nicknamed the Merlot Line) between Daniel Paille and Shawn Thornton. Campbell would play in all 82 games for the Bruins en route to a Presidents' Trophy, scoring 8 goals and 13 assists for 21 points. However, he wouldn't register any points in 12 playoff games as the Bruins fell to rival Montreal Canadiens in seven games in the second round.

Campbell lost one of his Merlot Line teammates, Thornton, in free agency going into the 2014–15 season. The season would end up being a disappointing one for Campbell and the Bruins, as they would miss the playoffs for the first time in seven seasons. After the season, it was announced that the Bruins would not renew Campbell's contract, ending his five year tenure with the team.

Columbus Blue Jackets

Campbell signed a two-year contract with the Columbus Blue Jackets on July 1, 2015.^[10] On December 17, 2016 Columbus put Campbell on unconditional waivers. Campbell was released on December 19. Reports state that Campbell was unwilling to move to the Blue Jackets minor league system.^[11] Campbell officially retired on June 9, 2017, and joined the Columbus Blue Jackets as a developmental coach the same day.^[1]