Gubernatorial_lines_of_succession_in_the_United_States

Gubernatorial lines of succession in the United States

Gubernatorial lines of succession in the United States

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The following is the planned order of succession for the governorships of the 50 U.S. states, Washington, D.C., and the five organized territories of the United States, according to the constitutions (and supplemental laws, if any) of each.[1] Some states make a distinction whether the succeeding individual is acting as governor or becomes governor.

From 1980 to 1999, there were 13 successions of governorships. From 2000 to 2019 this number increased to 29.[2] The only instance since at least 1980 in which the second in line reached a state governorship was on January 8, 2002, when New Jersey Attorney General John Farmer Jr. acted as governor for 90 minutes between Donald DiFrancesco and John O. Bennett's terms in that capacity as president of the Senate following governor Christine Todd Whitman's resignation.[3] In 2019, Secretary of Justice of Puerto Rico Wanda Vázquez Garced became governor when both the governor and secretary of state resigned in Telegramgate.

From 1945 to 2016, 39 of those who succeeded to the governorship ran for and won election to a full term.[4]

States

AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyoming

Alabama

Established by Article V, Section 127 of the Constitution of Alabama.[5]

Alaska

Established by Article III, Section 10 of the Constitution of Alaska.[6]

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Arizona

Established by Article V, Section 6 of the Constitution of Arizona.[7]

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Arkansas

Established by Article VI, Section 5 of the Constitution of Arkansas as amended.[8]

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California

Established by Article V, Section 10 of the Constitution of California[9] and (GOV) Title 2, Division 3, Part 2, Art. 5.5 of the California Codes.[10][11]

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Colorado

Established by Article IV, Section 13(7) of the Constitution of Colorado.[12]

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Connecticut

Established by Article IV, Sections 18–21 of the Constitution of Connecticut.[13]

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Delaware

Established by Article III, Section 20 of the Constitution of Delaware.[14]

Florida

Established by Article IV, Section 3 of the Constitution of Florida[15] and Florida Statute 14.055.[16]

Georgia

Established by Article V, Section 1, Paragraph V of the Constitution of Georgia.[17]

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Hawaii

Established by Article V, Section 4 of the Constitution of Hawaii[18] and Title 4 §26-2 of the Hawaii code.[19]

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Idaho

Established by Article IV, Sections 12–14 of the Constitution of Idaho.[21]

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Illinois

Established by Article V, Section 6 of the Constitution of Illinois[22] and the Governor Succession Act[23]

Indiana

Established by Article V, Section 10 of the Constitution of Indiana.[24]

Iowa

Established by Article IV, Sections 17–19 of the Constitution of Iowa.[25]

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Kansas

Established by KSA Statute 75–125[26] and the Emergency Interim Executive and Judicial Succession Act of 1994.[27]

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Kentucky

Established by Sections 84,[28] 85[29] and 87[30] of the Kentucky Constitution.

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Louisiana

Established by Article IV, Section 14 of the Constitution of Louisiana.[31]

Maine

Established by Article V, Part 1, Section 14 of the Constitution of Maine.[32]

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Maryland

Established by Article II, Section 6 of the Constitution of Maryland.[33]

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Massachusetts

Established by Article LV of the Constitution of Massachusetts.[34]

Michigan

Established by Article V, Section 26 of the Constitution of Michigan,[35] Section 10.2 of the Revised Statutes of 1846[36] and the Emergency Interim Executive Succession Act (PA 202 of 1959, Section 31.4)[37][38]

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Minnesota

Established by Article V, Section 5 of the Minnesota Constitution[40] and Minnesota Statute 4.06.[41]

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Mississippi

Established by Article V, Section 131 of the Constitution of Mississippi.[42]

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Missouri

Established by Article IV, Section 11(a) of the Constitution of Missouri.[43]

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Montana

Established by Article VI, Section 6 of the Constitution of Montana[44] and Montana Code 2-16-511 to 2-16-513.[45][46][47]

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Nebraska

Established by Article IV, Section 16 of the Constitution of Nebraska[48] and Nebraska Revised Statutes 84-120[49] and 84-121.[50]

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Nevada

Established by Nevada Revised Statute 223.080.[51]

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New Hampshire

Established by Part 2, Article 49 of the Constitution of New Hampshire.[52]

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New Jersey

Established by Article V, Section I, Paragraph 7 of the Constitution of New Jersey[53] and New Jersey Revised Statute 52:14A-4.[54]

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New Mexico

Established by Article V, Section 7 of the Constitution of New Mexico[55]

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New York

Established by Article IV, Sections 5–6 of the New York Constitution[56] and Article 1-A, Section 5 of the Defense Emergency Act of 1951.[57]

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North Carolina

Established by Article III, Section 3, of the Constitution of North Carolina[58] and G.S. Section 147.11.1.[59]

North Dakota

Established by Article V, Section 11 of the Constitution of North Dakota.[60]

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Ohio

Established by Article III, Section 15 of the Constitution of Ohio[61] and Title I, Chapter 161 of the Ohio Revised Code.[62]

Oklahoma

As provided by Article VI, Section 15 of the Constitution of Oklahoma[63] and the Oklahoma Emergency Interim Executive and Judicial Succession Act.

Oregon

Established by Article V, Section 8a of the Constitution of Oregon[64]

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Pennsylvania

Established by Article IV, Sections 13–14 of the Pennsylvania Constitution[65][66]

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Rhode Island

Established by Article IX, Sections 9–10 of the Constitution of Rhode Island[67]

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South Carolina

Established by Article IV, Sections 6 and 7 of the South Carolina Constitution[68] and South Carolina Code of Laws sections 1-3-120,[69] 1-3-130[70] and 1-9-30.[71]

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South Dakota

Established by Article IV, Section 6 of the Constitution of South Dakota.[72]

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Tennessee

Established by Article III, Section 12 of the Constitution of Tennessee[73] and Acts 1941, Chapter 99 §1.[74]

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Texas

Established by Article IV, Sections 3a and 16–18 of the Constitution of Texas[75] and Chapter 401.023 of Title 4 the Texas Gov't Code.[76]

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Utah

Established by Article VII, Section 11 of the Constitution of Utah[77] and the Emergency Interim Succession Act (C53-2a-803).[78]

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Vermont

Established by Chapter II, Section 20 of the Constitution of Vermont,[79] 3 VSA §1[80] and 20 VSA §183.[81]

Virginia

Established by Article V, Section 16 of the Constitution of Virginia.[82]

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Washington

Established by Article III, Section 10 of the Constitution of Washington.[83]

West Virginia

Established by Article VII, Section 16 of the Constitution of West Virginia.[84]

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Wisconsin

Established by Article V, Sections 7 and 8 of the Constitution of Wisconsin.[85]

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Wyoming

Established by Article IV, Section 6 of the Wyoming Constitution.[86]

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Federal district

Washington, D.C.

Established by Title IV, Section 421(c)(2) of the District of Columbia Home Rule Act.[87]

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Organized territories

American Samoa

Established by Article IV, Section 4 Constitution of American Samoa[88] and Section 4.0106 of the American Samoa Codes Annotated.[89]

Guam

Established by Subchapter 1, Section 1422(b) of the Guam Organic Act of 1950.[90]

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Northern Mariana Islands

Established by Article III, Section 7 of the Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Constitution.[91]

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Puerto Rico

Established by Article IV, Section 8 of the Constitution of Puerto Rico[92] and Law No. 7 of 2005[93]

U.S. Virgin Islands

Established by Subsection IV §1595(b, e) of the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands[94] and the Executive Succession Act of 1972[95]

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Notes

  1. The office is officially nonpartisan, but Superintendent Thurmond identifies with the Democratic Party.
  2. Must be the same party as the outgoing governor. If the current officeholder is not a member of the same party, skip to the next on the list.
  3. If the minority leader of the Senate is not a member of the same party as the outgoing governor, succession goes back to the president of the Senate
  4. The elected office of Indiana Superintendent of Public Instruction was abolished as of January 11, 2021 and replaced with the appointed Secretary of Education. However the state constitution has not been changed.
  5. Only eligible to serve until a new president of the Senate is elected.
  6. Only eligible to serve until a new governor is elected by the General Assembly.
  7. "Senior" is defined as the member of the legislature who has served "for the longest continuous period of time", with age being the tiebreaker (in favor of the older/oldest person) if multiple people qualify. Sen. Ankney served for eight years in the state House of Representatives from 2007-2015 and went directly to the state Senate, serving until the present.
  8. Only eligible to serve until a new governor is elected by a joint session of the Legislature.
  9. The Nebraska Legislature is officially nonpartisan, but Speaker Arch identifies with the Republican Party.
  10. The Nebraska Legislature is officially nonpartisan, but this senator identifies with the Republican Party.
  11. The Nebraska Legislature is officially nonpartisan, but this senator identifies with the Democratic Party.
  12. The New York Defense Emergency Act of 1951 calls for the "Commissioner of Commerce" and the "Industrial Commissioner" to be in the emergency line of succession. However, these departments/positions no longer appear to exist and it is unclear if there have been statutory changes made to accommodate the line of succession.
  13. Griffin-Valade is not eligible to succeed to the office of governor as she was appointed, not elected, to her position.
  14. The office is officially nonpartisan, but Superintendent Reykdal identifies with the Democratic Party.
  15. Elections in American Samoa are officially nonpartisan, but Gov. Mauga and Lt. Gov. Ale both identify with the Democratic Party, and Speaker Ale with the Republican Party.

References

  1. "States' Lines of Succession of Gubernatorial Powers" (PDF). National Lieutenant Governors Association. May 2011.
  2. "Chart of Gubernatorial Successions" (PDF). National Lieutenant Governors Association. June 2018.
  3. Staff. "N.J.'S LINE OF SUCCESSION / A SIMPLE FIX", The Press of Atlantic City, November 11, 2002. Retrieved June 22, 2012. "Thanks to an unusual set of circumstances and a flaw in the state constitution, New Jersey had five different governors over eight days at the beginning of the year. Even for New Jersey, this was pretty bizarre."
  4. "Constitution of Florida: Article IV, Section 3". Florida Legislature. Archived from the original on December 8, 2008. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  5. "Florida Statutes 14.055". Law Server. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  6. "Georgia Constitution of 1983: Article V". Georgia Info. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  7. "The Constitution of the State of Hawaii: Article V". Hawaii Legislative Reference Bureau. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  8. "Hawaii Department Directors and Deputies". Office of the Governor, State of Hawaii. Retrieved May 12, 2023.
  9. "Article I: 75–125". Kansas Legislature. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  10. "Constitution of Maryland: Article II". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  11. "State Constitution: Article V, Section 26". www.legislature.mi.gov. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  12. "Revised Statutes of 1846 (EXCERPT) – Section 10.2 THE GOVERNOR". www.legislature.mi.gov. Retrieved May 13, 2021.
  13. "Emergency Interim Executive Succession Act". www.legislature.mi.gov. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
  14. "Whitmer - Gov. Whitmer Designates Emergency Interim Successors". www.michigan.gov. January 25, 2019. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
  15. The Office of Governor Gretchen Whitmer (January 25, 2019). "Gov. Whitmer Designates Emergency Interim Successors". Michigan.gov.
  16. "Constitution of the State of Minnesota: Article V". Office of the Revisor of Statutes. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  17. "Constitutional Offices and Duties, Chapter 4: 4.06". Office of the Revisor of Statutes. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  18. "State Constitution: Part 2". State of New Hampshire. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  19. "161.03 Succession to the governorship". Ohio Revised Code. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  20. "Oklahoma Constitution: Article VI Section 15". Oklahoma State Courts Network. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
  21. "Oregon Constitution". Oregon Legislature. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
  22. "Constitution of South Dakota: Article IV §6 — Succession of executive power". South Dakota Legislative Research Council. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
  23. "Emergency Interim Succession Act" (PDF). Utah Legislature. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
  24. "Constitution of Virginia: Article V, Section 16 — Succession to the office of Governor". Virginia's Legislative Information System. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
  25. "Wisconsin Constitution" (PDF). Wisconsin Legislature. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
  26. "D.C. Code 1–241". ABF Associates. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
  27. "Revised Constitution of American Samoa: Article IV". American Samoa Bar Association. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
  28. "A.S.C.A. § 4.0106 — Line of succession". American Samoa Bar Association. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
  29. "The Organic Act of Guam" (PDF). The Judiciary of Guam. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
  30. "Commonwealth Constitution: Article III — Executive Branch". CNMI Law Revision Commission. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
  31. "Ley Núm. 7 del año 2005 (in Spanish)". LexJuris Puerto Rico. Retrieved August 23, 2019.

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