Harwich_(UK_Parliament_constituency)

Harwich (UK Parliament constituency)

Harwich (UK Parliament constituency)

Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1801–2010


Harwich /ˈhærɪ/ was a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom until its abolition for the 2010 general election.

Quick Facts County, 1885–2010 ...

History

The Parliamentary Borough of Harwich had sent two members to the Parliament of England since it was founded in 1604[1] until 1707, then to the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and to the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801. Under the Reform Act of 1867 its representation was reduced to one,[2] and in 1885 the Parliamentary Borough was abolished and replaced with a Division of the County of Essex (later a County Constituency) under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885.[3] For a long period of time it was known as a "Treasury borough" due to the control the Treasury had over its elections.[4]

The constituency was abolished for the 2010 general election by the Fifth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, being succeeded by the new constituency of Clacton and part of the new constituency of Harwich and North Essex.

Boundaries and boundary changes

1885–1918

  • The Municipal Borough of Harwich; and
  • Parts of the Sessional Divisions of Lexden and Winstree.

Non-resident freeholders of the Parliamentary Borough of Colchester, which constituted the Municipal Borough thereof, were also entitled to vote.[3]

Formally known as the North Eastern or Harwich Division of Essex, incorporating the abolished Parliamentary Borough of Harwich and extending southwards and westwards to include the towns of Clacton and Brightlingsea and the rural areas surrounding Colchester.

Harwich in Essex, 1918-83

1918–1950

  • The Municipal Borough of Harwich;
  • The Urban Districts of Brightlingsea, Clacton, Frinton-on-Sea, Walton-on-the-Naze, and Wivenhoe; and
  • The Rural District of Tendring.[5]

Western, rural areas now included in the new Colchester Division of Essex.

1950–1983

  • The Municipal Borough of Harwich;
  • The Urban Districts of Brightlingsea, Clacton, Frinton and Walton, and Wivenhoe; and
  • The Rural District of Tendring.[5][6]

No changes. (The Urban Districts of Frinton-on-Sea and Walton-on-the-Naze had been merged).

1983–1997

  • The District of Tendring wards of Beaumont and Thorpe, Bockings Elm, Bradfield Wrabness and Wix, Frinton, Golf Green, Great and Little Oakley, Harwich East, Harwich East Central, Harwich West, Harwich West Central, Haven, Holland and Kirby, Little Clacton, Ramsey, Rush Green, Southcliff, St Bartholomew's, St James, St John's, St Mary's, St Osyth, Tendring and Weeley, and Walton.[7]

Western parts, including Brightlingsea and Wivenhoe, included in the new constituency of North Colchester.

1997–2010

  • The District of Tendring wards of Beaumont and Thorpe, Bockings Elm, Frinton, Golf Green, Great and Little Oakley, Harwich East, Harwich East Central, Harwich West, Harwich West Central, Haven, Holland and Kirby, Little Clacton, Ramsey, Rush Green, St Bartholomew's, St James, St John's, St Mary's, Southcliff, and Walton.[8]

A further western slice, including St Osyth, added to the new constituency of North Essex (which had largely succeeded North Colchester).

Following the Boundary Commission's Fifth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, Parliament radically altered some constituencies and created new ones to allow for changes in population. Consequently, the constituency of Harwich was abolished. The majority of the constituency, including Clacton, Frinton and Walton, formed the new constituency of Clacton, and Harwich and surrounding areas were included in the new constituency of Harwich and North Essex.

Members of Parliament

Constituency founded 1604

1604 to 1660

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1660–1868

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1868–2010

Elections

Elections in the 1830s

Herries was appointed Secretary at War, requiring a by-election.[31]

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Elections in the 1840s

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Attwood's election was declared void on petition due to bribery by his agents, causing a by-election.[36]

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Elections in the 1850s

Hobhouse was elevated to the peerage, becoming 1st Baron Broughton and causing a by-election.

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Prinsep's election was declared void on petition due to bribery, causing a by-election.[38]

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Crawford's election was declared void, due to polling being closed prematurely, and the seat's writ was suspended in July 1851.[28] A by-election was called the next year.

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Kelly resigned to contest a by-election in East Suffolk, causing a by-election.

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Peacocke's election was declared void on petition, due to corrupt practices, causing a by-election.[39]

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Warburton's death caused a by-election.

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Bagshaw's resignation caused a by-election.

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Elections in the 1860s

Campbell succeeded to the peerage, becoming Lord Stratheden and Campbell, and causing a by-election.

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Seat reduced to one member

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Elections in the 1870s

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Elections in the 1880s

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Elections in the 1890s

Round
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Elections in the 1900s

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Lever
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Elections in the 1910s

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General Election 1914–15:

Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;

Aylmer Digby
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Elections in the 1920s

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Elections in the 1930s

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Elections in the 1940s

General Election 1939–40: Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place from 1939 and by the end of this year, the following candidates had been selected;

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Elections in the 1950s

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Elections in the 1960s

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Elections in the 1970s

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Elections in the 1980s

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Elections in the 1990s

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This was the Referendum Party's best result in the election.

Elections in the 2000s

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See also


References

  1. "Harwich | History of Parliament Online". www.histparl.ac.uk. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  2. Great Britain, Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England and Wales. The public general acts. unknown library. Proprietors of the Law Journal Reports, 1884.
  3. Pages 358 to 389, Lewis Namier, The Structure of Politics at the Accession of George III (2nd edition – London: St Martin's Press, 1957)
  4. Craig, Fred W. S. (1972). Boundaries of parliamentary constituencies 1885-1972;. Chichester: Political Reference Publications. ISBN 0900178094. OCLC 539011.
  5. "The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1970". www.legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
  6. "The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1983". www.legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
  7. "The Parliamentary Constituencies (England) Order 1995". www.legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
  8. Stooks Smith, Henry. (1973) [1844-1850]. Craig, F. W. S. (ed.). The Parliaments of England (2nd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. pp. 108–110. ISBN 0-900178-13-2.
  9. Hall, Catherine; Draper, Nicholas; McClelland, Keith; Donington, Katie; Lang, Rachel (2014). Legacies of British Slave-ownership: Colonial Slavery and the Formation of Victorian Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 290. ISBN 978-1-107-04005-2. LCCN 2014012761. Retrieved 6 November 2018 via Google Books.
  10. "Domestic Intelligence". Hereford Times. 5 August 1837. p. 4. Retrieved 6 November 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  11. "The General Election". Morning Post. 24 July 1847. p. 3. Retrieved 6 November 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  12. "Essex Elections". Chelmsford Chronicle. 6 August 1847. p. 4. Retrieved 6 November 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  13. The Spectator, Volume 7. F. C. Westley. 1834. p. 702. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  14. The Spectator, Volume 10. F. C. Westley. 1837. p. 651. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  15. Sperling, Charles Frederick Denne (1896). A short history of the borough of Sudbury, in the county of Suffolk, compiled from materials collected by W.W. Hodson. Sudbury: Sudbury, Printed by B.R. Marten. pp. 162, 259. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  16. "General Intelligence". Coventry Standard. 24 June 1853. p. 2. Retrieved 13 May 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  17. "Harwich Election". Westmorland Gazette. 31 May 1851. p. 2. Retrieved 13 May 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  18. Fisher, David R. (2009). "HOBHOUSE, John Cam (1786-1869)". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  19. Barker, George Fisher Russell (1891). "Hobhouse, John Cam" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 27. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  20. Bloy, Marjorie (2014). "John Cam Hobhouse, Baron Broughton (1786-1869)". A Web of English History. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  21. "Postscript". Exeter and Plymouth Gazette. 11 March 1848. p. 8. Retrieved 13 May 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  22. "Imperial Parliament". Exeter and Plymouth Gazette. 31 May 1851. p. 8. Retrieved 13 May 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  23. "Harwich Election". Morning Post. 29 May 1851. p. 4. Retrieved 13 May 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  24. "Neighbouring Counties". Cambridge Chronicle and Journal. 19 July 1851. p. 8. Retrieved 13 May 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  25. Courtney, William Prideaux (1899). "Warburton, George Drought" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 59. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  26. Elizabeth Waterston. "George Drought Warburton". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  27. Fisher, David R. "HERRIES, John Charles (1778–1855), of 11 Great George Street, Mdx". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  28. Fisher, David R. "Harwich". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  29. Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
  30. "Harwich Election". Essex Standard. 6 August 1847. p. 5. Retrieved 6 November 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  31. "Neighbouring Counties". Norfolk News. 7 August 1847. p. 3. Retrieved 6 November 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  32. "Election Committees—Harwich". Berkshire Chronicle. 18 March 1848. p. 4. Retrieved 6 November 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  33. "Harwich Election". Essex Herald. 4 April 1848. p. 3. Retrieved 6 November 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  34. "Harwich Election". The Ipswich Journal. 31 May 1851. p. 4. Retrieved 13 May 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  35. "Election Committees". Morning Chronicle. 2 May 1853. p. 3. Retrieved 13 May 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  36. "South Essex Election". Chelmsford Chronicle. 3 April 1857. p. 4. Retrieved 13 May 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  37. "Election Intelligence". Norfolk News. 12 December 1857. p. 5. Retrieved 13 May 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  38. Eddowes's Journal, and General Advertiser for Shropshire, and the Principality of Wales. 23 December 1857. p. 3 https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001466/18571223/030/0003. Retrieved 13 May 2018 via British Newspaper Archive. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  39. "Harwich Election". London Daily News. 24 April 1860. p. 6. Retrieved 16 February 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  40. "The General Election". The Examiner. 15 July 1865. pp. 7–11. Retrieved 16 February 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  41. "Harwich Election". Chelmsford Chronicle. 14 July 1865. pp. 6–7. Retrieved 16 February 2018 via British Newspaper Archive.
  42. "Candidates for Essex and Neigh". Essex Newsman. 13 March 1880. p. 3. Retrieved 28 November 2017 via British Newspaper Archive.
  43. British Parliamentary Election Results 1885-1918, FWS Craig
  44. The Liberal Year Book, 1907
  45. Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1886
  46. Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1896
  47. Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1901
  48. Debrett's House of Commons & Judicial Bench, 1916
  49. British parliamentary election results 1918-1949, Craig, F. W. S.
  50. Report of the Annual Conference of the Labour Party, 1939
  51. Kimber, Richard. "UK General Election results 1951". Political Science Resources. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  52. "1954 by Elections". Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
  53. Kimber, Richard. "UK General Election results 1955". Political Science Resources. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  54. Kimber, Richard. "UK General Election results 1959". Political Science Resources. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  55. Kimber, Richard. "UK General Election results 1964". Political Science Resources. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  56. Kimber, Richard. "UK General Election results 1966". Political Science Resources. Retrieved 13 December 2016.
  57. "Politics Resources – My WordPress Blog". Archived from the original on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
  58. "Politics Resources – My WordPress Blog". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2013.
  59. "Election Data 1983". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  60. "Election Data 1987". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  61. "Election Data 1992". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  62. "Politics Resources". Election 1992. Politics Resources. 9 April 1992. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2010.
  63. "Election Data 1997". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  64. "Election Data 2001". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  65. "Election Data 2005". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 15 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2015.

51.86°N 1.24°E / 51.86; 1.24


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