Viral hepatitis

• Acute hepatitis A
• Acute hepatitis B
• Acute hepatitis C
• Acute hepatitis D – this is a superinfection with the delta-agent in a patient already infected with hepatitis B
• Acute hepatitis E
• Chronic viral hepatitis
• Other viral hepatitis viruses may exist but their relation to the disease is not firmly established like the previous ones (hepatitis F, GB virus C, hepatitis X)

Other infectious diseases

• Hepatitis:
  • cytomegalovirus infection
  • herpesviral: herpes simplex infection
• Toxoplasmosis
• Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis
• Portal hypertension in schistosomiasis
• Liver disease in syphilis
• Epstein–Barr virus infection
• yellow fever virus infection
• rubella virus infection
• leptospirosis
• Echinococcosis
• Amoebiasis

Other inflammatory diseases

• liver abscess
• autoimmune hepatitis
• primary biliary cholangitis (primary biliary cirrhosis)
• phlebitis of the portal vein
• granulomatous hepatitis
  • berylliosis
  • sarcoidosis
• nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)

Alcohol

This may cause fatty liver, hepatitis, fibrosis and sclerosis leading to cirrhosis and finally liver failure.

Toxins

This includes mostly drug-induced hepatotoxicity, (DILI) which may generate many different patterns over liver disease, including

• cholestasis
• necrosis
• acute hepatitis and chronic hepatitis of different forms,
• cirrhosis
• Effects of Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
• other rare disorders like focal nodular hyperplasia, Hepatic fibrosis, peliosis hepatis and veno-occlusive disease.

Liver damage is part of Reye syndrome.

Tumours

Malignant neoplasm of liver and intrahepatic bile ducts. The most frequent forms are metastatic malignant neoplasm of liver)

• liver cell carcinoma
  • hepatocellular carcinoma
  • hepatoma
• cholangiocarcinoma
• hepatoblastoma
• angiosarcoma of liver
• Kupffer cell sarcoma
• other sarcomas of liver

Benign neoplasm of liver include hepatic hemangiomas, hepatic adenomas, and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH).

End-stage liver disease

Chronic liver diseases like chronic hepatitis, chronic alcohol abuse or chronic toxic liver disease may cause

• liver failure and hepatorenal syndrome
• fibrosis and cirrhosis of liver

Cirrhosis may also occur in primary biliary cirrhosis. Rarely, cirrhosis is congenital.

Metabolic diseases

• metabolic diseases (chapter E in ICD-10)
  • haemochromatosis
  • Wilson's disease
  • Gilbert's syndrome
  • Crigler–Najjar syndrome
  • Dubin–Johnson syndrome
  • Rotor syndrome

Vascular disorders

• chronic passive congestion of liver
• central haemorrhagic necrosis of liver
• infarction of liver
• peliosis hepatis
• veno-occlusive disease
• portal hypertension
• Budd–Chiari syndrome

Cysts

• Congenital cystic disease of the liver
• Cysts caused by Echinococcus
• Polycystic liver disease

Others

Amyloid degeneration of liver