Hetman_of_Ukraine
Hetman of all Ukraine
1918 leader of the Ukrainian State
The Hetman of all Ukraine (Ukrainian: Гетьман усієї України, romanized: Hetman usiiei Ukrainy)[1][2] was the head of state and commander-in-chief of the Ukrainian State in 1918.
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| Hetman of all Ukraine | |
|---|---|
| Гетьман усієї України | |
 Personal Standard | |
| Type | Head of state |
| Residence | Hetman Palace, Kyiv |
| Nominator | Congress of Bread Producers |
| Precursor | Chairman of the Central Council |
| Formation | 29 April 1918 |
| Abolished | 14 December 1918 |
| Succession | Chairman of the Directory |
The position of Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host, also known as the "Hetman of all Ukraine",[3] was established in 1648 during the Khmelnytsky Uprising and first held by Bohdan Khmelnytsky as the leader of the Cossack Hetmanate. During that period, the office was an elected position. Later in the late 18th century, it was successfully liquidated by the Russian government during the expansion of the Russian territory towards the Black Sea coast.
The position of Hetman of all Ukraine was established in 1918 by Pavlo Skoropadskyi, a descendant of the former hetman of the Zaporizhian Host Ivan Skoropadsky. The Law on the Provisional State System of Ukraine was announced at the session of the Central Council of Ukraine on 29 April 1918, which laid a legal groundwork for the new position. Pavlo Skoropadskyi transformed Ukraine into the autocratic Ukrainian State under the protection of the Central Powers, while expelling the Bolshevik forces of Soviet Russia. During his term, the Communist Party was prohibited on the territory of Ukraine for the first time. After the uprising led by the Directorate of Ukraine, Pavlo Skoropadskyi surrendered the title on 14 December 1918,[1] transferring the state power to the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and going into exile to Germany.
After the establishment of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, members of the Skoropadsky family established the Hetmanate movement that sought the recreation of the office with a royal house.
- Історія України в особах XIX-XX ст (in Ukrainian). Вид-во "Україна". 1995. p. 222. ISBN 978-5-319-00882-4.
- Magocsi, Paul R. (1 January 2010). A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples. University of Toronto Press. p. 519. ISBN 978-1-4426-1021-7.
- Davies, Brian (4 April 2014). Warfare, State and Society on the Black Sea Steppe, 1500–1700. Routledge. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-134-55283-2.