History_of_rulers_of_Bengal

List of rulers of Bengal

List of rulers of Bengal region of Indian subcontinent

This is a list of rulers of Bengal. For much of its history, Bengal was split up into several independent kingdoms, completely unifying only several times. In ancient times, Bengal consisted of the kingdoms of Pundra, Suhma, Vanga, Samatata and Harikela.

In the 4th century BCE, during the reign of the Nanda Empire, the powerful rulers of Gangaridai sent their forces with the war elephants which led the withdrawal of Alexander the Great from the Indian subcontinent.^[1]

With the rise of Gopala in 750 AD, Bengal was united once more under the Buddhist and Shaivite Pala Empire. The Pala period is considered as one of golden eras of Bengali history as it brought stability and prosperity to Bengal after centuries of Civil War, created outstanding works of art and architecture, proto-Bengali language develop under them including its first literary work, the Charyapada and so on. Until the 12th century than being succeeded by the Buddhist and Hindu Chandra dynasty, Sena dynasty and Deva dynasty. The rule of deva dynasty was a period of peace, prosperity and creative excellence and may be designed as "golden age" After them, Bengal was ruled by the Hindu Maharajas of kingdoms such as Chandradwip and Cooch Behar.^{[citation needed]}

In the early 13th century, Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji conquered Western and part of Northern Bengal,^[2] and established the first Muslim kingdom in Bengal.^[3] The Islamic Mamluk Sultanate, the Khalji dynasty, the Turko-Indian Tughlaq dynasty, the Sayyid dynasty and the Lodi dynasty ruled Bengal for over 320 years.^[4] Notable was Malik Altunia's reign with his wife Razia Sultana, the only female sovereign ruler.^{[citation needed]}

Following Delhi Sultanate's reign, the Bengal Sultanate, a major trading nation in the world,^[5] was founded by Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah, and ruled by the Ilyas Shahi dynasty, succeeded by the Hussain Shahi dynasty founded by Alauddin Husain Shah, which saw the extension of the sultanate to the port of Chittagong, witnessing the arrival of the earliest Portuguese merchants.^{[citation needed]}

Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article History_of_rulers_of_Bengal, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[44] Pakistani prisoner to 8 January 1972.

[45] Acting for Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.

[46] Also Chief Martial Law Administrator (24 August 1975 – 4 November 1975 and 7 November 1975 – 29 November 1976).

[47] Also Chief Martial Law Administrator (29 November 1976 – 6 April 1979).

[Referendum-48] Referendum.

[Direct_election-49] Direct election.

[50] Served as Chief Martial Law Administrator until 30 March 1984.

[51] Served as Chief Martial Law Administrator until 30 March 1984.

[52] Senior Minister.

[53] Simultaneously served as President.

[54] Acting Chief Adviser.

[1] [1]
"Gangaridai". Banglapedia. Archived from the original on 28 February 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.

[2] [2]
Majumdar, R. C. (1973). History of Mediaeval Bengal. Calcutta: G. Bharadwaj & Co. pp. 1–2. OCLC 1031074. Tradition gives him credit for the conquest of Bengal but as a matter of fact he could not subjugate the greater part of Bengal ... All that Bakhtyār can justly take credit for is that by his conquest of Western and a part of Northern Bengal he laid the foundation of the Muslim State in Bengal. The historians of the 13th century never attributed the conquest of the whole of Bengal to Bakhtyār.

[3] [3]
Arnold, Thomas Walker (1913) [First published 1896]. The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith (2nd ed.). London: Constable & Company. p. 227.

[sen2-4] [4]
Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 68–102. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.

[5] [5]
Nanda, J. N (2005). Bengal: the unique state. Concept Publishing Company. p. 10. 2005. ISBN 978-81-8069-149-2. Bengal [...] was rich in the production and export of grain, salt, fruit, liquors and wines, precious metals, and ornaments besides the output of its handlooms in silk and cotton. Europe referred to Bengal as the richest country to trade with.

[6] [6]
"The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa" Translated into English Prose, Bharata Press, Calcutta (1883–1896)

[7] [7]
Digha Nikaya

[8] [8]
The Garuda Purana 55.12; V.D. I.9.4; the Markendeya Purana 56.16–18

[9] [9]
"West Bengal | History, Culture, Map, Capital, & Population | Britannica". Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2021.

[Hossain-10] [10]
Hossain, Md. Mosharraf, Mahasthan: Anecdote to History, 2006, pp. 69–73, Dibyaprakash, 38/2 ka Bangla Bazar, Dhaka, ISBN 984-483-245-4

[Banglapedia-11] [11]
Ghosh, Suchandra. "Pundravardhana". Banglapedia. Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 23 June 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2007.

[12] [12]
Klidsa; Mallinatha. Sajvan; Kle, M. R. (Moreshvar Ramchandra) (1922). The Raghuvamsa of Kalidasa : with the commentary (the Samjivani) of Mallinatha ; Cantos I-X ; edited with a literal English translation, copious notes in Sanskrit and English, and various readings &c. &c. by M.R. Kale. Robarts - University of Toronto. Bombay : P.S. Rege.

[Jha1997-13] [13]
Jha, M. (1997). "Hindu Kingdoms at contextual level". Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective. New Delhi: M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 27–42. ISBN 9788175330344.

[14] [14]
Kamal Kant Jha; Pt. Sri ganeshrai Vidyabhushan; Dhanakar Thakur. "A Brief History of Mithila State Bihar Articles". Archived from the original on 1 March 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2008.

[Singh-15] [15]
Encyclopaedia of Hinduism. Nagendra Kumar Singh, p. 3239.

[16] [16]
Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra (1972), Political History of Ancient India, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, pp. 106–113, 186–90

[17] [17]
"History". Banglapedia. Archived from the original on 29 September 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017. Shah-i-Bangalah, Shah-i-Bangaliyan and Sultan-i-Bangalah

[18] [18]
Wicks, Robert S. (1995). Money, Markets, and Trade in Early Southeast Asia: The Development of Indigenous Monetary Systems to AD 1400. Cornell University Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-1-5017-1947-9. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2021.

[19] [19]
Johnston, E. H. (1944). "Some Sanskrit Inscriptions of Arakan". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 11 (2): 357–385. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00072529. ISSN 0041-977X. JSTOR 609320. S2CID 191758063.

[20] [20]
Laloo, Betty (20 July 2016). "III: Early Jaintia State Formation" (PDF). Reconstructing the early Jaintia state through oral traditions (PhD). North-Eastern Hill University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2021.

[21] [21]
"Jaintia Hills-Land of Myths and Legends". Mesmerizing Meghalaya. Archived from the original on 12 August 2020.

[FOOTNOTEDasguptaBiswasMallik200931-43-22] [22]
Dasgupta, Biswas & Mallik 2009, p. 31-43.

[23] [23]
Mallik, Abhaya Pada (1921). History of Bishnupur-Raj: An Ancient Kingdom of West Bengal. Abhaya Pada Mallik. pp. 128–130. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2016.

[DKGanguly-24] [24]
Dilip Kumar Ganguly (1994). Ancient India, History and Archaeology. Abhinav. pp. 33–41. ISBN 978-81-7017-304-5. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2022.

[Susan1984-25] [25]
Susan L. Huntington (1984). The "Påala-Sena" Schools of Sculpture. Brill Archive. pp. 32–39. ISBN 90-04-06856-2. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2022.

[26] [26]
R. C. Majumdar (1971). History of Ancient Bengal. G. Bharadwaj. pp. 161–162.

[27] [27]
Abdul Momin Chowdhury (1967). Dynastic history of Bengal, c. 750-1200 CE. Asiatic Society of Pakistan. pp. 272–273.

[28] [28]
Bindeshwari Prasad Sinha (1977). Dynastic History of Magadha, Cir. 450–1200 A.D. Abhinav Publications. pp. 253–. ISBN 978-81-7017-059-4. Archived from the original on 27 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.

[29] [29]
Dineshchandra Sircar (1975–1976). "Indological Notes - R.C. Majumdar's Chronology of the Pala Kings". Journal of Ancient Indian History. IX: 209–10.

[30] [30]
Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin (2012). "Iltutmish". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 3 July 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2015.

[31] [31]
Encyclopedia Of Bangladesh (Set Of 30 Vols.) By Nagendra Kr. Singh

[32] [32]
Sirajul Islam; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir, eds. (2012). "Mahabbat Khan". Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 25 April 2024.

[33] [33]
Karim, Abdul (2012). "Muhammad Azam, Prince". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 13 January 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2015.

[34] [34]
"Princess Daisy of Pless: The Happy Years. An exhibition at Castle Pless". www.rvondeh.dircon.co.uk. Archived from the original on 25 April 2009. Retrieved 13 October 2021.

[35] [35]
Paul, Gautam. "Murshidabad History – Hassan Ali". murshidabad.net. Archived from the original on 1 September 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2016.

[36] [36]
Company, East India (1807). Papers Presented to the House of Commons Concerning the Late Nabob of the Carnatic. p. 118. Archived from the original on 20 October 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2021.

[37] [37]
Paul, Gautam. "Murshidabad History – Waresh Ali". murshidabad.net. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2016.

[againnawab-38] [38]
Mahato, Sukumar (20 August 2014). "Murshidabad gets a Nawab again, but fight for assets ahead". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 26 April 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2015.

[againnawabtwo-39] [39]
"Portrait of an accidental Nawab". The Times of India. 22 August 2014. Archived from the original on 23 August 2014. Retrieved 14 June 2015.

[40] [40]
"Premier of Bengal". West Bengal Legislative Assembly. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014.

[41] [41]
(acting martial law administrator and governor as he was the GOC 14th Infantry Division)

[42] [42]
"Dr D y Patil appointed West Bengal's acting Governor". The Economic Times. 3 July 2014. Archived from the original on 2 March 2020. Retrieved 24 December 2019.

[43] [43]
"Senior Advocate Jagdeep Dhankhar Made West Bengal Governor". 20 July 2019. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 24 December 2019.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]

[37]

[38]

[39]

[40]

[41]

[42]

[43]

[lower-alpha 1]

[lower-alpha 2]

[lower-alpha 3]

[lower-alpha 4]

[lower-alpha 5]

[lower-alpha 6]

[lower-alpha 7]

[lower-alpha 8]

[lower-alpha 9]

[lower-alpha 10]

[lower-alpha 11]

Ancient region	Modern region
Pundravardhana	Rajshahi Division and Rangpur Division in Bangladesh; Malda division of West Bengal in India
Vanga	Khulna Division and Barisal Division in Bangladesh; West of the Padma river.
Tirabhukti	Mithila area of India and Nepal
Gauda	Modern Malda and Murshidabad districts of West Bengal, India
Suhma	Burdwan division, Medinipur division and Presidency division of West Bengal in India
Rarh	Corresponds to the modern Bardhaman, Bankura, Hooghly and Nadia districts of West Bengal in India
Samatata	Dhaka Division, Barisal Division and Chittagong Division in Bangladesh
Harikela	Sylhet Division, Chittagong Division, Dhaka Division and Barisal Division in Bangladesh

Ruler	Reign (BCE)
Brihadratha	- BCE
Jarasandha	- BCE
Sahadeva of Magadha	- BCE
Somadhi	1661–1603 BCE
Srutasravas	1603–1539 BCE
Ayutayus	1539–1503 BCE
Niramitra	1503–1463 BCE
Sukshatra	1463–1405 BCE
Brihatkarman	1405–1382 BCE
Senajit	1382–1332 BCE
Srutanjaya	1332–1292 BCE
Vipra	1292–1257 BCE
Suchi	1257–1199 BCE
Kshemya	1199–1171 BCE
Subrata	1171–1107 BCE
Dharma	1107–1043 BCE
Susuma	1043–970 BCE
Dridhasena	970–912 BCE
Sumati	912–879 BCE
Subala	879–857 BCE
Sunita	857–817 BCE
Satyajit	817–767 BCE
Viswajit	767–732 BCE
Ripunjaya	732–682 BCE

Ruler	Reign (BCE)	Period
Pradyota Mahasena	682–659 BCE	23
Palaka	659–635 BCE	24
Visakhayupa	635–585 BCE	50
Ajaka	585–564 BCE	21
Varttivarddhana	564–544 BCE	20

Ruler	Reign (BCE)
Bimbisara	544–491 BCE
Ajatashatru	491–461 BCE
Udayin	461–428 BCE
Anirudha	428–419 BCE
Munda	419–417 BCE
Darshaka	417–415 BCE
Nāgadāsaka	415–413 BCE

Ruler	Reign (BCE)
Shishunaga	413–395 BCE
Kalashoka	395–377 BCE
Kshemadharman	377–365 BCE
Kshatraujas	365–355 BCE
Nandivardhana	355–349 BCE
Mahanandin	349–345 BCE

Ruler	Reign (BCE)
Mahapadma Nanda	345–340 BCE
Pandukananda	340–339 BCE
Pandugatinanda	339–338 BCE
Bhutapalananda	338–337 BCE
Rashtrapalananada	337–336 BCE
Govishanakananda	336–335 BCE
Dashasiddhakananda	335–334 BCE
Kaivartananda	334–329 BCE
Dhana Nanda	329–321 BCE

Ruler	Reign	Notes
Chandragupta Maurya	322–297 BCE	Founder of first Indian united empire.
Bindusara Amitraghata	297–273 BCE	Known for his foreign diplomacy and crushed of Vidarbh revolt.
Ashoka	268–232 BCE	Greatest emperor of dynasty. His son Kunala was blinded and died before his father. Ashoka was succeeded by his grandson. Also known for Kalinga war victory.
Dasharatha Maurya	232–224 BCE	Grandson of Ashoka.
Samprati	224–215 BCE	Brother of Dasharatha.
Shalishuka	215–202 BCE
Devavarman	202–195 BCE
Shatadhanvan	195–187 BCE	Mauryan Empire had shrunk by the time of his reign
Brihadratha	187–184 BCE	Assassinated by his Commander-in-chief Pushyamitra Shunga in 185 BCE.

Ruler	Reign (BCE)
Pushyamitra Shunga	185–149 BCE
Agnimitra	149–141 BCE
Vasujyeshtha	141–131 BCE
Vasumitra	131–124 BCE
Bhadraka	124–122 BCE
Pulindaka	122–119 BCE
Ghosha	119–108 BCE
Vajramitra	108–94 BCE
Bhagabhadra	94–83 BCE
Devabhuti	83–73 BCE

Ruler	Reign	Period
Vasudeva Kanva	73–64 BCE	9
Bhumimitra	64–50 BCE	14
Narayana	50–38 BCE	12
Susarman	38–28 BCE	10

#	King	Period	Reign (CE)
1	Chandrodaya	27	202–229
2	Annaveta	5	229–234
3	Chandranveta	77	234–311
4	Rimbhiappa	23	311–334
5	Kuverami (Queen)	7	334–341
6	Umavira	20	341–361
7	Jugna	7	361–368
8	Lanki	2	368–370
9	Dvenchandra	55	370–425
10	Rajachandra	20	425–445
11	Kalachandra	9	445–454
12	Devachandra	22	454–476
13	Yajnachandra	7	476–483
14	Chandrabandu	6	483–489
15	Bhumichandra	7	489–496
16	Bhutichandra	24	496–520
17	Nitichandra	55	520–575
18	Virachandra	3	575–578
19	Pritichandra	12	578–590
20	Prithvichandra	7	590–597
21	Dhirtichandra	3	597–600
22	Mahavira	12	600–612
23	Virayajap	12	612–624
24	Sevinren	12	624–636
25	Dharmasura	13	636–649
26	Vajrashakti	16	649–665
27	Dharmavijaya	36	665–701
28	Narendravijaya	2 yr 9 months	701–703
29	Dharmachandra	16	703–720
30	Anandachandra	9+	720–729+
Harikela dynasty
1	Traillokyachandra	30	900–930
2	Srichandra	45	930–975
3	Kalyanachandra	25	975–1000
4	Ladahachandra	20	1000–1020
5	Govindachandra	30	1020–1050

Titular Name	Reign	Notes
Khadgodyama	625-640	Father of Jatakhadga
Jatakhadga	640-658	Father of Devakhadga
Devakhadga	658-673	Queen Prabhavati
Rajabhatta	673-707	Son of Devakhadga
Balabhata	707-716	Son of Devakhadga
Udirnakhadga	??

Name of the king^[22]^[23]	Reign	Notes
Adi Malla	694–710
Jay Malla	710–720
Benu Malla	720–733
Kinu Malla	733–742
Indra Malla	742–757
Kanu Malla	757–764
Dha (Jhau) Malla	764–775
Shur Malla	775–795
Kanak Malla	795–807
Kandarpa Malla	807–828
Sanatan Malla	828–841
Kharga Malla	841–862
Durjan (Durjay) Malla	862–906
Yadav Malla	906–919
Jagannath Malla	919–931
Birat Malla	931–946
Mahadev Malla	946–977
Durgadas Malla	977–994
Jagat Malla	994–1007
Ananta Malla	1007–1015
Rup Malla	1015–1029
Sundar Malla	1029–1053
Kumud Malla	1053–1074
Krishna Malla	1074–1084
Rup II (Jhap) Malla	1084–1097
Prakash Malla	1097–1102
Pratap Malla	1102–1113
Sindur Malla	1113–1129
Sukhomoy(Shuk) Malla	1129–1142
Banamali Malla	1142–1156
Yadu/Jadu Malla	1156–1167
Jiban Malla	1167–1185
Ram Malla	1185–1209
Gobinda Malla	1209–1240
Bhim Malla	1240–1263
Katar(Khattar) Malla	1263–1295
Prithwi Malla	1295 -1319
Tapa Malla	1319–1334
Dinabandhu Malla	1334–1345
Kinu/Kanu II Malla	1345–1358
Shur Malla II	1358–1370
Shiv Singh Malla	1370–1407
Madan Malla	1407–1420
Durjan II (Durjay) Malla	1420–1437
Uday Malla	1437–1460
Chandra Malla	1460–1501
Bir Malla	1501–1554
Dhari Malla	1554–1565
Hambir Malla Dev (Bir Hambir)	1565–1620
Dhari Hambir Malla Dev	1620–1626
Raghunath Singha Dev	1626–1656
Bir Singha Dev	1656–1682
Durjan Singha Dev	1682–1702
Raghunath Singha Dev II	1702–1712
Gopal Singha Dev	1712–1748
Chaitanya Singha Dev	1748–1801
Madhav Singha Dev	1801–1809
Gopal Singha Dev II	1809–1876
Ramkrishna Singha Dev	1876–1885
Dwhaja Moni Devi	1885–1889
Nilmoni Singha Dev	1889–1903
Churamoni Devi (Regency)	1903–1930
Kalipada Singha Thakur	1930–1947

	RC Majumdar (1971)^[26]	AM Chowdhury (1967)^[27]	BP Sinha (1977)^[28]^{[failed verification]}	DC Sircar (1975–76)^[29]	D. K. Ganguly (1994)^[24]
Gopala I	750–770	756–781	755–783	750–775	750–774
Dharmapala	770–810	781–821	783–820	775–812	774–806
Devapala	810–c. 850	821–861	820–860	812–850	806–845
Mahendrapala	NA (Mahendrapala's existence was conclusively established through a copper-plate charter discovered later.)				845–860
Shurapala I	Deemed to be alternate name of Vigrahapala I			850–858	860–872
Gopala II	NA (copper-plate charter discovered in 1995. Text of inscription published in 2009.)
Vigrahapala I	850–853	861–866	860–865	858–60	872–873
Narayanapala	854–908	866–920	865–920	860–917	873–927
Rajyapala	908–940	920–952	920–952	917–952	927–959
Gopala III	940–957	952–969	952–967	952–972	959–976
Vigrahapala II	960–c. 986	969–995	967–980	972–977	976–977
Mahipala I	988–c. 1036	995–1043	980–1035	977–1027	977–1027
Nayapala	1038–1053	1043–1058	1035–1050	1027–1043	1027–1043
Vigrahapala III	1054–1072	1058–1075	1050–1076	1043–1070	1043–1070
Mahipala II	1072–1075	1075–1080	1076–1078/9	1070–1071	1070–1071
Shurapala II	1075–1077	1080–1082	1076–1078/9	1071–1072	1071–1072
Ramapala	1077–1130	1082–1124	1078/9–1132	1072–1126	1072–1126
Kumarapala	1130–1140	1124–1129	1132–1136	1126–1128	1126–1128
Gopala IV	1140–1144	1129–1143	1136–1144	1128–1143	1128–1143
Madanapala	1144–1162	1143–1162	1144–1161/62	1143–1161	1143–1161
Govindapala	1158–1162	NA	1162–1176 or 1158–1162	1161–1165	1161–1165
Palapala	NA	NA	NA	1165–1199	1165–1200

Name	Reign	Notes
Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khalji	c.1203–1206	Began the Khalji dynasty in Bengal
Muhammad Shiran Khalji	1206–1208
Husamuddin Iwaz Khalji	1208–1210
Ali Mardan Khalji	1210–1212
Ghiyasuddin Iwaz Shah	1212–1227	Second term, killed for gaining independence from Sultan of Delhi Iltutmish
Alauddin Daulat Shah Khalji	1229–1230^[30]
Balka Khalji	1230–1231	Last Khalji ruler

Name	Reign	Notes
Nasiruddin Mahmud	1227–1229	Appointed by his father Sultan Iltutmish of Delhi
Alauddin Jani	1232–1233
Saifuddin Aibak	1233–1236
Awar Khan Aibak	1236	Usurper
Tughral Tughan Khan	1236–1246	Restored Mamluk governor
Tughlaq Tamar Khan	1246–1247
Jalaluddin Masud Jani	1247–1251
Malik Ikhtiyaruddin Iuzbak	1251–1257	Claimed independence.
Ijjauddin Balban Iuzbaki	1257–1259
Tatar Khan	1259–1268	Claimed independence.
Sher Khan	1268–1272
Amin Khan	1272–1272
Tughral Tughan Khan	1272–1281	Second term as Mughisuddin Tughral
Nasiruddin Bughra Khan	1281–1287	Declared independence and founded the Balban dynasty

Name	Reign	Notes
Nasiruddin Bughra Khan	1287–1291	Declared independence from Delhi Sultanate
Rukunuddin Kaikaus	1291–1300	First Muslim ruler to conquer Satgaon kingdom, expanding Lakhnauti.
Shamsuddin Firoz Shah	1300–1322	First Muslim ruler to conquer Sonargaon, Mymensingh and Srihatta. Completed Kaikaus' Conquest of Satgaon.
Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah	1322–1324	Lost independence of Bengal to Delhi Sultan Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq.

Name	Region	Reign	Notes
Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah	Sonargaon	1324–1328	Appointed as governor by Sultan of Delhi Muhammad bin Tughluq, but later declared independence
Bahram Khan	Sonargaon	1328–1338
Qadar Khan	Lakhnauti	1328–1336
Mukhlis	Lakhnauti	1336–1339
Azam Khan	Satgaon	1324–1328
Izzuddin Yahya	Satgaon	1328–1338

Name	Region	Reign	Notes
Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah	Sonargaon	1338–1349	First independent ruler of Sonargaon
Ikhtiyaruddin Ghazi Shah	Sonargaon	1349–1352
Ilyas Shah	Satgaon	1339–1342
Alauddin Ali Shah	Lakhnauti	1339–1342
Ilyas Shah	Lakhnauti and Satgaon	1342–1352

Name	Reign	Notes
Raja Ganesha	1414–1415
Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah	1415–1416	Son of Raja Ganesha and converted into Islam
Raja Ganesha	1416–1418	Second Phase
Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah	1418–1433	Second Phase
Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah	1433–1435

Name	Reign	Notes
Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah	1352–1358	Became the first sole ruler of whole Bengal comprising Sonargaon, Satgaon and Lakhnauti.
Sikandar Shah	1358–1390	Killed in battle with his son and successor, Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah
Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah	1390–1411
Saifuddin Hamza Shah	1411–1412
Shihabuddin Bayazid Shah	1412–1414

Name	Reign	Notes
Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah	1435–1459
Rukunuddin Barbak Shah	1459–1474	Son of Mahmud Shah
Shamsuddin Yusuf Shah	1474–1481	Son of Barbak Shah
Nuruddin Sikandar Shah	1481	Son of Mahmud Shah
Jalaluddin Fateh Shah	1481–1487	Son of Mahmud Shah

Name	Reign	Notes
Shahzada Barbak	1487
Saifuddin Firuz Shah	1487–1489
Mahmud Shah II	1489–1490
Shamsuddin Muzaffar Shah	1490–1494

Name	Reign	Notes
Alauddin Hussain Shah	1494–1518	considered greatest of all sultans of Bengal for bringing cultural renaissance during his reign.
Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah	1518–1533
Alauddin Firuz Shah	1533
Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah	1533–1538

Name	Reign	Notes
Sher Shah Suri	1532–1538	Defeated Mughals and became the ruler of Delhi in 1540.
Khidr Khan	1538–1541
Qazi Fazilat	1541–1545
Muhammad Khan Sur	1545–1554
Shahbaz Khan	1555

Name	Reign	Notes
Muhammad Khan Sur	1554–1555	Declared independence and styled himself as Shamsuddin Muhammad Shah
Khizr Khan Suri	1555–1561
Ghiyasuddin Jalal Shah	1561–1563
Ghiyasuddin Bahadur Shah III	1563–1564^[31]

Name	Reign	Notes
Taj Khan Karrani	1564–1566
Sulaiman Khan Karrani	1566–1572
Bayazid Khan Karrani	1572
Daud Khan Karrani	1572–1576

Name	Reign	Notes
Munim Khan	1574–1575	Khan-i-Khanan
Hussain Quli Khan	1575–1578
Muzaffar Khan Turbati	1579–1580
Mirza Aziz Koka	1582–1583
Wazir Khan Tajik	1583–1583
Shahbaz Khan Kamboh	1583–1585
Sadiq Khan	1585–1586
Shahbaz Khan Kamboh	1586–1587
Sa'id Khan	1587–1594
Raja Man Singh I	1597 – 1606

Name	Reign	Notes
Qutubuddin Koka	2 Sep 1606 – 1607	killed in a battle against Sher Afghan. (Local history of Burdwan, West Bengal, India says that Qutub-ud-din Kokah died in a battle against Ali Quli Istajlu alias Sher Afgan in 1610 CE. The tomb where both of them were buried is presently under the surveillance of Archaeological Survey of India.)
Jahangir Quli Beg	1607–1608	In early life, a slave of Akbar's brother, Mirza Muhammad Hakim
Islam Khan Chishti	1608–1613	first governor to transfer the Bengal capital to Dhaka in April 1612
Qasim Khan Chishti	1613–1617	younger brother of Islam Khan Chishti
Ibrahim Khan Fath-i-Jang	1617–1624	died in an attack by Prince Shahjahan
Darab Khan	1624–1625	while Shahjahan occupied Bengal. Killed by Mahabbat Khan.^[32]
Mahabat Khan	1625–1626
Mukarram Khan	1626–1627
Fidai Khan	1627–1628

Name	Reign	Notes
Qasim Khan Juvayni	1628–1632
Mir Muhammad Baqir	1632–1635	Known as Azam Khan
Mir Abdus Salam	1635–1639	Known as Islam Khan Mashadi
Prince Shah Shuja	1639–1647 again 1652–1660

History_of_rulers_of_Bengal

Ancient Bengal

Ancient geopolitical divisions

Anga kingdom (c. 1100 – 530 BCE)

Vanga kingdom (c. 1100 – 340 BCE)

Pundra kingdom (c. 1100 – 340 BCE)

Suhma kingdom (c. 1100 – 340 BCE)

Videha dynasty of Mithila (Tirabhukti) (c. 1100 – 700 BCE)

Gangaridai kingdom (c. 350 – 100 BCE)

Magadha dynasties of Bengal

Brihadratha dynasty (c. 1700 – 682 BCE)

Pradyota dynasty (c. 682 – 544 BCE)

Haryanka dynasty (c. 544 – 413 BCE)

Shishunaga dynasty (c. 413 – 345 BCE)

Nanda Empire (c. 345 – 322 BCE)

Maurya Empire (c. 322 – 184 BCE)

Shunga Empire (c. 185 – 73 BCE)

Kanva dynasty (c. 73 – 28 BCE)

Classical Era

Chandra dynasty (c. 202 – 1050 CE)

Gupta Empire (c. 240 – 550 CE)

Jaintia kingdom (c. 525 – 1835 CE)

Old dynasty rulers

Partitioned Jaintia rulers

Brahmin dynasty rulers

New dynasty rulers

Gauda kingdom (c. 550 – 626 CE)

Pushyabhuti (Vardhana) Empire (c. 606 – 647 CE)

Khadga dynasty (c. 625 – 730 CE)

Bhadra dynasty (6th to 7th century)

Mallabhum kingdom (c. 694 – 1147 CE)

Post-Classical era

Pala Empire (c. 750 – 1161 CE)

Sena dynasty (c. 1070 – 1230 CE)

Deva dynasty (c. 1150 – 1294 CE)

Delhi Sultanate period

Khalji dynasty

Governors of Bengal under Mamluk dynasty (1227–1287)

House of Balban

Governors of Bengal under Tughlaq dynasty (1324–1338)

Bengal Sultanate era

Independent Sultans of Bengal during Tughlaq dynasty (1338–1352)

Ilyas Shahi dynasty (1352–1414)

House of Raja Ganesha (1414–1435)

Restored Ilyas Shahi dynasty (1435–1487)

Habshi rule (1487–1494)

Hussain Shahi dynasty (1494–1538)

Governors of Bengal under Sur Empire (1532–1556)

Muhammad Shah dynasty (1554–1564)

Karrani dynasty (1564–1576)

Mughal Subahdars of Bengal Subah (1574–1717)

During the reign of Akbar

During the reign of Jahangir

During the reign of Shah Jahan

During the reign of Aurangzeb

Medieval Hindu dynasties of Bengal

Koch dynasty (c. 1515 – 1949 CE)

Rulers of undivided Koch dynasty (c. 1515 – 1586 CE)

Rulers of Koch Bihar (c. 1586 – 1949)

Kingdom of Bhurshut (c. 16th–18th century)

Kingdom of Chandradweep Or Basu Dynasty

Maharajas of Jessore region

Maharaja of Lower Bengal region

Maharaja of Bhawal region

Nawabs of Bengal

Independent Nawabs of Bengal (1717–1757 CE)

Nawabs of Bengal under East India Company (1757–1838 CE)

Nawabs of Murshidabad

East India Company governors in Bengal

Governors of British East India Company in Bengal (1757–1793)

Governors-General of British East India Company in Bengal – Dual government (1773–1774)

Governors-General of British East India Company in Bengal (1793–1854)

Governor-Generals of British East India Company (1833–1858)

British Raj era

Lieutenant-Governors (1858–1912)

Governors (1912–1947)

Prime Minister of Bengal (1937–1947)

Office holders

After Independence of India and Pakistan

Pakistani (East) Bengal (1947–1971)

Name	Reign	Notes
Mir Jumla II	1660–1663
Shaista Khan	1664–1678
Azam Khan Koka	1678–1678	Known as Fidai Khan II
Prince Muhammad Azam	20 July 1678 – 6 October 1679^[33]
Shaista Khan	1680–1688
Ibrahim Khan II	1689–1697
Prince Azim-us-Shan	1697–1712

Portrait	Titular Name	Personal Name	Birth	Reign	Death
Nasiri Dynasty
	Ala ud-Daula	Murshid Quli Jafar Khan	1665	1717– 1727	30 June 1727
	Mirza Asadullah	Sarfaraz Khan Bahadur	?	1727–1727	April 1740
	Shuja ud-Daula	Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan	1670	July 1727 – 26 August 1739	26 August 1739
	Mirza Asadullah	Sarfaraz Khan Bahadur	?	13 March 1739 – April 1740	April 1740
Afshar Dynasty
	Husam ud-Daula	Muhammad Alivardi Khan Bahadur	10 May 1671	29 April 1740 – 16 April 1756	16 April 1756
	Siraj ud-Daulah	Mîrzâ Muhammad Sirâj-ud-Daulah	1733	April 1756 – 2 June 1757	June 1757

Portrait	Titular Name	Personal Name	Birth	Reign	Death
Najafi Dynasty
	Ja'afar 'Ali Khan Bahadur	Mir Muhammed Jafar Ali Khan	1691	June 1757 – October 1760	17 January 1765
	Itimad ud-Daulah	Mir Kasim Ali Khan Bahadur	?	1760–1763	1777
	Ja'afar 'Ali Khan Bahadur	Mir Muhammed Jafar Ali Khan	1691	25 July 1763 – 17 January 1765	17 January 1765
	Nazam-ud-Daulah	Najimuddin Ali Khan	1750	5 February 1765 – 8 May 1766	8 May 1766
	Saif ud-Daulah	Najabut Ali Khan	1749	22 May 1766 – 10 March 1770	10 March 1770
		Ashraf Ali Khan	Before 1759	10 March 1770 – 24 March 1770	24 March 1770
	Mubarak ud-Daulah	Mubarak Ali Khan	1759	21 March 1770 – 6 September 1793	6 September 1793
	Azud ud-Daulah	Babar Ali Khan Bahadur	?	1793 – 28 April 1810	28 April 1810
	Ali Jah	Zain-ud-Din Ali Khan	?	5 June 1810 – 6 August 1821	6 August 1821
	Walla Jah	Ahmad Ali Khan	?	1810 – 30 October 1824	30 October 1824
	Humayun Jah	Mubarak Ali Khan II	29 September 1810	1824 – 3 October 1838	3 October 1838
	Feradun Jah	Mansur Ali Khan	29 October 1830	29 October 1838 –1881 (abdicated)	5 November 1884

Picture	Titular Name	Personal Name	Birth	Reign	Death
Najafi Dynasty
	Ali Kadir	Syed Hassan Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur	25 August 1846	17 February 1882 – 25 December 1906	25 December 1906^[35]
	Amir ul-Omrah	Syed Wasif Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur	7 January 1875	December 1906 – 23 October 1959	23 October 1959^[36]
	Raes ud-Daulah	Syed Waris Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur	14 November 1901	23 October 1959 – 20 November 1969	20 November 1969^[37]
—	—	Disputed/In abeyance^[38]^[39]	—	20 November 1969 – 13 August 2014	—
	—	Syed Mohammed Abbas Ali Mirza Khan Bahadur	Circa 1942	13 August 2014 – Incumbent (titular)^[38]^[39]	—

Name	Took office	Left office
Thomas Gibson-Carmichael, 1st Baron Carmichael	1912	1917
Lawrence Dundas, Earl of Ronaldshay	1917	1922
Victor Bulwer-Lytton, 2nd Earl of Lytton	1922	1927
Sir Stanley Jackson	1927	1932
Sir John Anderson	1932	1937
Michael Knatchbull, 5th Baron Brabourne	1937	1938
Sir John Arthur Herbert	1939	1943
Richard Casey	1944	1946
Sir Frederick Burrows	1946	1947

No	Name	Term(s)^[40]	Party	Governor	Viceroy
1	Sher-e-Bangla A. K. Fazlul Huq	1 April 1937 – 1 December 1941 12 December 1941 – 29 March 1943	Krishak Praja Party	Sir John Arthur Herbert	The Marquess of Linlithgow
2	Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin	29 April 1943 – 31 March 1945	Bengal Provincial Muslim League	Sir John Arthur Herbert (−1944) Sir Richard Casey (1944–)	The Marquess of Linlithgow The Viscount Wavell
3	H. S. Suhrawardy	23 April 1946 – 14 August 1947	Bengal Provincial Muslim League	Sir Richard Casey (−1946) Sir Frederick Burrows	The Viscount Wavell Earl Mountbatten

Tenure	Governor of East Bengal^{[citation needed]}
15 August 1947 – 31 March 1950	Sir Frederick Chalmers Bourne
31 March 1950 – 31 March 1953	Sir Feroz Khan Noon
31 March 1953 – 29 May 1954	Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman
29 May 1954 – May 1955	Iskandar Ali Mirza
May 1955 – June 1955	Muhammad Shahabuddin (acting)
June 1955 – 14 October 1955	Amiruddin Ahmad

Tenure	Chief Minister of East Bengal	Political Party
August 1947 – September 1948	Sir Khwaja Nazimuddin	Muslim League
September 1948 – April 1954	Nurul Amin	Muslim League
April 1954 – 1955	Abul Kasem Fazlul Huq	United Front

Tenure	Governor of East Pakistan^{[citation needed]}	Political Affiliation
14 October 1955 – March 1956	Amiruddin Ahmad	Muslim League
March 1956 – 13 April 1958	A. K. Fazlul Huq	Muslim League
13 April 1958 – 3 May 1958	Hamid Ali (acting)	Awami League
3 May 1958 – 10 October 1958	Sultanuddin Ahmad	Awami League
10 October 1958 – 11 April 1960	Zakir Husain	Muslim League
11 April 1960 – 11 May 1962	Lieutenant-General Azam Khan, PA	Military Administration
11 May 1962 – 25 October 1962	Ghulam Faruque	Independent
25 October 1962 – 23 March 1969	Abdul Monem Khan	Civil Administration
23 March 1969 – 25 March 1969	Mirza Nurul Huda	Civil Administration
25 March 1969 – 23 August 1969	Major-General Muzaffaruddin,^[41] PA	Military Administration
23 August 1969 – 1 September 1969	Lieutenant-General Sahabzada Yaqub Khan, PA	Military Administration
1 September 1969 – 7 March 1971	Vice-Admiral Syed Mohammad Ahsan, PN	Military Administration
7 March 1971 – 6 April 1971	Lieutenant-General Sahabzada Yaqub Khan, PA	Military Administration
6 April 1971 – 31 August 1971	Lieutenant-General Tikka Khan, PA	Military Administration
31 August 1971 – 14 December 1971	Abdul Motaleb Malik	Independent
14 December 1971 – 16 December 1971	Lieutenant-General Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi, PA	Military Administration

Tenure	Chief Minister of East Pakistan	Political Party
August 1955 – September 1956	Abu Hussain Sarkar	Krishan Sramik Party
September 1956 – March 1958	Ataur Rahman Khan	Awami League
March 1958	Abu Hussain Sarkar	Krishan Sramik Party
March 1958 – 18 June 1958	Ataur Rahman Khan	Awami League
18 June 1958 – 22 June 1958	Abu Hussain Sarkar	Krishan Sramik Party
22 June 1958 – 25 August 1958	Governor's Rule
25 August 1958 – 7 October 1958	Ataur Rahman Khan	Awami League