The courts of appeal in Sweden and in Finland, also known as hovrätt in Swedish and hovioikeus in Finnish (literally 'Royal Court'), deal with appeals against decisions of the district courts.^[1][2] They also are responsible for supervising the operations of the district courts in their judicial district.^[3]

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The courts of appeal in Sweden were the highest judicial body until King Gustav III founded the Supreme Court of Sweden in 1789. Today, these courts function mostly as appellate courts. They are the second highest general courts in both Sweden and Finland. There are six courts of appeal in Sweden, and five in Finland.^[4][5]

The first hovrätt, Svea Court of Appeal, was founded 1614 in Stockholm. In Finland, then part of Sweden, the court in Turku was founded in 1623 by Gustavus Adolphus, mainly because it was difficult to travel from Finland to Stockholm.

During the imperial era, additional courts of appeal were introduced in order to relieve the original Svea hovrätt. Göta Court of Appeal was the second such court in Sweden proper, established in Jönköping in 1634. It was preceded by the court in Turku (1623) and the court in Tartu (1630), cities which during this era were part of the dominions of Sweden.

These are the current courts of appeal in Swedish and Finnish judiciary:

• Hovrättsråd
• Judiciary of Finland
• Judiciary of Sweden