Hungary
Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarország [ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ] (
listen)) is a landlocked country in Central Europe.[2] Spanning 93,030 square kilometres (35,920 sq mi) of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest, and Austria to the west. Hungary has a population of 9.7 million, mostly ethnic Hungarians and a significant Romani minority. Hungarian, the official language, is the world's most widely spoken Uralic language and among the few non-Indo-European languages widely spoken in Europe.[13] Budapest is the country's capital and largest city; other major urban areas include Debrecen, Szeged, Miskolc, Pécs, and Győr.
Hungary | |
|---|---|
| Anthem: "Himnusz" (Hungarian)[1] (English: "Hymn") | |
![Location of Hungary (dark green)– in Europe (green & dark grey)– in the European Union (green) – [Legend]](/wiki/File:EU-Hungary.svg) Location of Hungary (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) | |
| Capital and largest city | Budapest 47°26′N 19°15′E |
| Official languages | Hungarian[2] |
| Ethnic groups (microcensus 2016) |
|
| Religion (census 2011)[4] |
|
| Demonym(s) | Hungarian |
| Government | Unitary parliamentary republic |
| Katalin Novák | |
| Viktor Orbán | |
| László Kövér | |
| Legislature | National Assembly |
| Foundation | |
| 895[5] | |
| 25 December 1000[6] | |
| 24 April 1222 | |
| 29 August 1526 | |
| 2 September 1686 | |
| 15 March 1848 | |
| 30 March 1867 | |
| 4 June 1920 | |
| 23 October 1989 | |
| 12 March 1999 | |
| 1 May 2004 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 93,030[7] km2 (35,920 sq mi) (108th) |
• Water (%) | 3.7[8] |
| Population | |
• 2023 estimate | 9,678,000[9] (92nd) |
• Density | 105/km2 (271.9/sq mi) (78th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate |
• Total |  $410 billion[10] (54th) |
• Per capita | $42,132[10] (42st) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate |
• Total | $195.6 billion[10] (58th) |
• Per capita | $20,119[10] (57th) |
| Gini (2020) |  28.3[11]low |
| HDI (2021) | 0.846[12] very high · 46th |
| Currency | Forint (HUF) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| UTC+2 (CEST) | |
| Date format | yyyy.mm.dd. |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +36 |
| ISO 3166 code | HU |
| Internet TLD | .hu[a] |
| |
The territory of present-day Hungary has for centuries been a crossroads for various peoples, including Celts, Romans, Germanic tribes, Huns, West Slavs and the Avars. The foundation of the Hungarian state was established in the late 9th century AD with the conquest of the Carpathian Basin by Hungarian grand prince Árpád.[14][15] His great-grandson Stephen I ascended the throne in 1000, converting his realm to a Christian kingdom. By the 12th century, Hungary became a regional power, reaching its cultural and political height in the 15th century.[16] Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526, it was partially occupied by the Ottoman Empire (1541–1699). Hungary came under Habsburg rule at the turn of the 18th century, later joining with the Austrian Empire to form Austria-Hungary, a major power into the early 20th century.[17]
Austria-Hungary collapsed after World War I, and the subsequent Treaty of Trianon established Hungary's current borders, resulting in the loss of 71% of its territory, 58% of its population, and 32% of ethnic Hungarians.[18][19][20] Following the tumultuous interwar period, Hungary joined the Axis powers in World War II, suffering significant damage and casualties.[21][22] Postwar Hungary became a satellite state of the Soviet Union, leading to the establishment of the Hungarian People's Republic. Following the failed 1956 revolution, Hungary became a comparatively freer, though still repressed, member of the Eastern Bloc. The removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria accelerated the collapse of the Eastern Bloc and subsequently the Soviet Union.[23] On 23 October 1989, Hungary again became a democratic parliamentary republic.[24] Hungary joined the European Union in 2004 and has been part of the Schengen Area since 2007.[25]
Hungary is a middle power in international affairs, owing mostly to its cultural and economic influence.[26] It is a high-income economy with universal health care and tuition-free secondary education.[27][28] Hungary has a long history of significant contributions to arts, music, literature, sports, science and technology.[29][30][31][32] It is a popular tourist destination in Europe, drawing 24.5 million international tourists in 2019.[33] It is a member of numerous international organisations, including the Council of Europe, NATO, United Nations, World Health Organization, World Trade Organization, World Bank, International Investment Bank, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and the Visegrád Group.[34]