Hydroiodic_acid

Hydroiodic acid

Hydroiodic acid

Aqueous solution of hydrogen iodide

Hydroiodic acid (or hydriodic acid) is a colorless and aqueous solution of hydrogen iodide (HI). It is a strong acid, which is ionized completely in an aqueous solution. Concentrated solutions of hydroiodic acid are usually 48% to 57% HI.[2]

An oxidized solution of hydriodic acid.
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Reactions

Hydroiodic acid reacts with oxygen in air to give iodine:

4 HI + O2 → 2 H
2O + 2 I2

Like other hydrogen halides, hydroiodic acid adds to alkenes to give alkyl iodides. It can also be used as a reducing agent, for example in the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to anilines.[3]

Cativa process

The Cativa process is a major end use of hydroiodic acid, which serves as a co-catalyst for the production of acetic acid by the carbonylation of methanol.[4][5]

The catalytic cycle of the Cativa process

Illicit uses

Hydroiodic acid is listed as a U.S. Federal DEA List I Chemical, owing to its use as a reducing agent related to the production of methamphetamine from ephedrine or pseudoephedrine (recovered from nasal decongestant pills).[6]

References

  1. [1]
    Henri A. Favre; Warren H. Powell, eds. (2014). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 131.
  2. [2]
    Lyday, Phyllis A. (2005). "Iodine and Iodine Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. pp. 382–390. doi:10.1002/14356007.a14_381. ISBN 978-3527306732.
  3. [3]
    Kumar, J. S. Dileep; Ho, ManKit M.; Toyokuni, Tatsushi (2001). "Simple and chemoselective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to aromatic amines: reduction with hydriodic acid revisited". Tetrahedron Letters. 42 (33): 5601–5603. doi:10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01083-8.
  4. [4]
    Jones, J. H. (2000). "The Cativa Process for the Manufacture of Acetic Acid" (PDF). Platinum Metals Rev. 44 (3): 94–105.
  5. [5]
    Sunley, G. J.; Watson, D. J. (2000). "High productivity methanol carbonylation catalysis using iridium - The Cativa process for the manufacture of acetic acid". Catalysis Today. 58 (4): 293–307. doi:10.1016/S0920-5861(00)00263-7.
  6. [6]
    Skinner, Harry F. (1990). "Methamphetamine synthesis via hydriodic acid/Red phosphorus reduction of ephedrine". Forensic Science International. 48 (2): 123–134. doi:10.1016/0379-0738(90)90104-7.
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