ISO_9

ISO 9

ISO 9

International standard

ISO 9 is an international standard establishing a system for the transliteration into Latin characters of Cyrillic characters constituting the alphabets of many Slavic and non-Slavic languages.[1]

Published on February 23, 1995 by the International Organization for Standardization,[2] the major advantage ISO 9 has over other competing systems is its univocal system of one character for one character equivalents (by the use of diacritics), which faithfully represents the original spelling and allows for reverse transliteration, even if the language is unknown.

Earlier versions of the standard, ISO/R 9:1954, ISO/R 9:1968 and ISO 9:1986, were more closely based on the international scholarly system for linguistics (scientific transliteration), but have diverged in favour of unambiguous transliteration over phonemic representation. The edition of 1995 supersedes the edition of 1986.[1]

ISO 9:1995

The standard features three mapping tables: the first covers contemporary Slavic languages, the second older Slavic orthographies (excluding letters from the first), and the third non-Slavic languages (including most letters from the first). Several Cyrillic characters included in ISO 9 are not available as pre-composed characters in Unicode, nor are some of the transliterations; combining diacritical marks have to be used in these cases. Unicode, on the other hand, includes some historic characters that are not dealt with in ISO 9.

Transliteration table

The following combined table shows characters for various Slavic, Iranian, Romance, Turkic, Uralic, Mongolic, Caucasian, Tungusic, Paleosiberian and other languages of the former USSR which are written in Cyrillic.

More information Cyrillic, Latin ...

National adoptions

More information Date, Region ...

Sample text

The following text is a fragment of the Preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Bulgarian:[15]

Като взе предвид, че признаването на достойнството, присъщо на всички членове на човешкия род,
на техните равни и неотменими права представлява основа на свободата, справедливостта и мира в света,		 Kato vze predvid, če priznavaneto na dostojnstvoto, prisʺŝo na vsički členove na čoveškiâ rod,
na tehnite ravni i neotmenimi prava predstavlâva osnova na svobodata, spravedlivostta i mira v sveta,

ISO/R 9

ISO Recommendation No. 9, published 1954 and revised 1968, is an older version of the standard, with different transliteration for different Slavic languages, reflecting their phonemic differences. It is closer to the original international system of Slavist scientific transliteration.

A German adaptation of this standard was published by the Deutsches Institut für Normung as DIN 1460 (1982) for Slavic languages and supplemented by DIN 1460-2 (2010) for non-Slavic languages.

The languages covered are Bulgarian, Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian. For comparison, ISO 9:1995 is shown in the table below.

Alternative schemes: ISO/R 9:1968 permits some deviations from the main standard. In the table below, they are listed in the columns alternative 1 and alternative 2.

  1. The first sub-standard defines some language-dependent transliterations for Belarusian (BE), Bulgarian (BG), Russian (RU), and Ukrainian (UK).
  2. The second sub-standard permits, in countries where tradition favours it, a set of alternative transliterations, but only as a group. It is identical to the British Standard 2979:1958 for Cyrillic romanization.[16]
More information Cyrillic, R 1954 ...

See also

Notes

  1. [1]
    "ISO 9:1995: Information and documentation -- Transliteration of Cyrillic characters into Latin characters -- Slavic and non-Slavic languages". International Organization for Standardization. Retrieved 13 April 2012.
  2. [2]
    "ISO 9:1995". www.standard.no.
  3. [3]
    The "informative" Annex A of ISO 9:1995 uses ISO 5426 0x52 hook to left which can be mapped to Unicode's comma below U+0326 (while the ISO 5426 also has 0x50 cedilla which can be mapped to Unicode's cedilla U+0327), it also uses ISO 5426 0x53 hook to right which can be mapped to Unicode's ogonek U+0328. See for example Evertype.com's ISO 5426 Archived 2020-10-21 at the Wayback Machine mapping to Unicode or Joan M. Aliprand's Finalized Mapping between Characters of ISO 5426 and ISO/IEC 10646-1 Archived 2020-08-02 at the Wayback Machine.
  4. [4]
    Evertype.com: ISO 5426 mapping to Unicode Archived 2020-10-21 at the Wayback Machine; Joan M. Aliprand: Finalized Mapping between Characters of ISO 5426 and ISO/IEC 10646-1 Archived 2020-08-02 at the Wayback Machine; The Unicode Standard: Spacing Modifier Letters Archived 2019-06-13 at the Wayback Machine.
  5. [5]
    "DIN - German Institute for Standardization". Archived from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  6. [6]
    "Standard - Information and documentation - Transliteration of Cyrillic characters into Latin characters - Slavic and non-Slavic languages SS-ISO 9 - Swedish Institute for Standards, SIS".
  7. [7]
    "Magazin ASRO". magazin.asro.ro. Archived from the original on 13 February 2019.
  8. [8]
    "HRVATSKI NORMATIVNI DOKUMENT". Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  9. [9]
    "Sklep PKN". sklep.pkn.pl.
  10. [10]
    "ČSN ISO 9 (010185)". www.technicke-normy-csn.cz.
  11. [11]
    "Uni Iso 9:2005".
  12. [12]
    "Spletna trgovina SIST - SIST ISO 9:2005".
  13. [13]
    "EVS-ISO 9:2011". EVS.
  14. [14]
    "GSO ISO 9:2013 - متجر المواصفات - Ministry of Industry, Commerce & Tourism - Kingdom of Bahrain". Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  15. [15]
    "OHCHR | Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Bulgarian (Balgarski)". OHCHR.
  16. [16]
    Hans H. Wellisch (1978), The Conversion of Scripts: Its Nature, History, and Utilization, New York City: Wiley, p. 262, Wikidata Q104231343
  17. [17]
    In Bulgarian, ъ and ѫ are not transliterated at the end of a word (where it occurred in the pre-1945 orthography).
  18. [18]
    In Russian and Belarusian, ъ is not transliterated at the end of a word (where it occurred in the pre-1918 orthography).
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