Ikaroa-Rāwhiti
Ikaroa-Rāwhiti
Māori electorate in New Zealand
Ikaroa-Rāwhiti is a New Zealand parliamentary Māori electorate that was formed for the 1999 election. It covers the eastern North Island from East Cape south through Hawke's Bay and the Wairarapa to Wainuiomata and most of the Hutt Valley, but not southern Lower Hutt or Wellington City.
| Ikaroa-Rāwhiti | |
|---|---|
| Single-member Māori constituency for the New Zealand House of Representatives | |
| Region | Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Manawatū-Whanganui and Wellington |
| Current constituency | |
| Created | 1999 |
| Current MP | Cushla Tangaere-Manuel |
| Party | Labour |
It was held by Parekura Horomia of the Labour Party from 1999 until his death in 2013. A by-election to replace him was held on 29 June 2013. Meka Whaitiri held the seat for ten years under the Labour Party before changing political allegiances. Whaitiri left the Labour Party in early May 2023 and joined Te Pāti Māori. According to a ruling by the speaker of the House, Whaitiri continued to represent the electorate, not on behalf of a party, but as an independent.[1] Labour's Cushla Tangaere-Manuel became MP in 2023. [2]
As the electorate's name suggests (ika "fish", roa "long", rāwhiti "east"), Ikaroa-Rāwhiti is a long electorate covering the eastern North Island (Te Ika-a-Māui).
The electorate includes the following population centres (from north to south):
- Gisborne
- Wairoa
- Napier
- Hastings
- Central Hawke's Bay
- Tararua District
- Masterton and the Wairarapa district
- Wellington – Upper Hutt and Lower Hutt—northern suburbs (north of Fairway Drive and Daysh Street), western hills (excluding Korokoro), and Wainuiomata
In the 2013/14 redistribution, a minor boundary adjustment was undertaken. A small area, including the village of Tuai, was transferred to the Waiariki electorate.[3]
![[icon]](./File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (May 2008) |
The electorate includes the following tribal areas:
- Ngāti Porou – Potikirua ki Te Toka-a-Taiau (Gisborne)
- Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki – Gisborne and Poverty Bay
- Rongowhakaata – Poverty Bay
- Ngāi Tāmanuhiri – Poverty Bay
- Ngāti Kahungunu – Wairoa, Hawke's Bay, Hastings, Napier and Wairarapa
- Ngāti Toa – Hutt Valley, and northern Lower Hutt
The electorate was formed for the 1999 election, which was won by Parekura Horomia of the Labour Party.[4] Horomia's death on 29 April 2013 triggered a by-election,[5] which was held on 29 June and won by Labour's Meka Whaitiri.[6] The Māori Party had nominated tribal leader Na Rongowhakaata Raihania.[7][8] and the Mana Party had selected television presenter Te Hamua Nikora as its candidate.[9][10] The Green Party had selected environmentalist and human rights advocate Marama Davidson.[11][12][13] Further candidates had been Michael Appleby for the Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party[11][14][15] plus two independent candidates.[11] Based on preliminary results, Whaitiri more than tripled her 2014 election night majority over Mana's Nikora. Also based on preliminary results, Marama Fox of the Māori Party was elected to Parliament as a list MP.[16]
Members of Parliament
Key
List MPs
Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested Ikaroa-Rāwhiti. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.
| Election | Winner | |
|---|---|---|
| 2014 election | Marama Fox | |
| 2020 election | Elizabeth Kerekere | |
2023 election
| 2023 general election: Ikaroa-Rāwhiti[17] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour | Cushla Tangaere-Manuel | 13,747 | 52.63 | –2.94 | 14,775 | 54.79 | –12.54 | ||
| Te Pāti Māori |  N Meka Whaitiri |
10,873 | 41.63 | +10.69 | 6,722 | 24.92 | +12.76 | ||
| Vision NZ | Ata Tuhakaraina | 787 | 3.01 | – | |||||
| Green | 1,802 | 6.68 | –1.79 | ||||||
| National | 964 | 3.69 | +1.36 | ||||||
| NZ First | 927 | 3.54 | –0.22 | ||||||
| Legalise Cannabis | 280 | 1.03 | –0.88 | ||||||
| New Zealand Loyal | 257 | 0.95 | – | ||||||
| ACT | 209 | 0.77 | –0.11 | ||||||
| NewZeal | 180 | 0.66 | +0.03 | ||||||
| Freedoms NZ | 169 | 0.62 | – | ||||||
| Opportunities | 138 | 0.51 | –0.23 | ||||||
| Animal Justice | 26 | 0.09 | – | ||||||
| DemocracyNZ | 26 | 0.09 | – | ||||||
| New Conservatives | 18 | 0.06 | –0.32 | ||||||
| Women's Rights | 18 | 0.06 | – | ||||||
| Leighton Baker Party | 9 | 0.03 | – | ||||||
| New Nation | 9 | 0.03 | – | ||||||
| Informal votes | 711 | 436 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 26,118 | 26,965 | |||||||
| Labour hold | Majority | 2,874 | 11.00 | –12.94 | |||||
2020 election
| 2020 general election: Ikaroa-Rāwhiti[18] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour |  Y Meka Whaitiri |
13,642 | 55.57 | +0.44 | 17,111 | 67.33 | +1.80 | ||
| Māori Party | Heather Te Au-Skipworth | 7,597 | 30.94 | −5.28 | 3,089 | 12.16 | −1.00 | ||
| Green | Elizabeth Kerekere | 2,080 | 8.47 | −0.17 | 1,647 | 6.48 | +1.56 | ||
| Advance NZ | Waitangi Kupenga | 791 | 3.22 | — | 638 | 2.51 | — | ||
| New Conservative | Melissa Lee-Ann Hill | 245 | 1.00 | — | 96 | 0.38 | +0.32 | ||
| Outdoors | Kelly Thurston | 196 | 0.80 | — | 44 | 0.17 | +0.13 | ||
| NZ First | 956 | 3.76 | −3.49 | ||||||
| National | 593 | 2.33 | −2.54 | ||||||
| Legalise Cannabis | 486 | 1.91 | +0.99 | ||||||
| ACT | 223 | 0.88 | +0.75 | ||||||
| Opportunities | 189 | 0.74 | −1.27 | ||||||
| ONE | 164 | 0.63 | — | ||||||
| Vision NZ | 161 | 0.63 | — | ||||||
| Sustainable NZ | 6 | 0.02 | — | ||||||
| TEA | 6 | 0.02 | — | ||||||
| Social Credit | 3 | 0.01 | ±0.00 | ||||||
| Heartland | 0 | 0.00 | — | ||||||
| Informal votes | 820 | 472 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 25,371 | 25,884 | |||||||
| Labour hold | Majority | 6,075 | 23.94 | −25.90 | |||||
2017 election
| 2017 general election: Ikaroa-Rawhiti[19] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour | Y Meka Whaitiri |
12,274 | 53.68 | +8.5 | 15,233 | 64.7 | +17.32 | ||
| Māori Party | Marama Fox | 8,064 | 35.27 | +17.44 | 3,058 | 13.0 | +0.81 | ||
| Green | Elizabeth Kerekere | 1,924 | 8.41 | -1.38 | 1,143 | 4.86 | -5.42 | ||
| NZ First | 1,685 | 7.16 | -4.09 | ||||||
| National | 1,131 | 4.8 | -0.57 | ||||||
| Opportunities | 468 | 1.99 | +1.99 | ||||||
| Legalise Cannabis | 214 | 0.91 | -0.5 | ||||||
| Mana | 198 | 0.84 | -8.88[lower-alpha 1] | ||||||
| ACT | 30 | 0.13 | +0.2 | ||||||
| Ban 1080 | 28 | 0.12 | +0.1 | ||||||
| People's Party | 26 | 0.11 | +0.11 | ||||||
| Conservative | 15 | 0.06 | -0.53 | ||||||
| Outdoors | 9 | 0.04 | +0.04 | ||||||
| Internet | 5 | 0.02 | -9.70[lower-alpha 2] | ||||||
| Democrats | 1 | 0 | -0.01 | ||||||
| United Future | 1 | 0 | -0.03 | ||||||
| Informal votes | 603 | 285 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 22,865 | 23,530 | |||||||
| Labour hold | Majority | 4,210 | 18.41 | -3.23 | |||||
2014 election
| 2014 general election: Ikaroa-Rāwhiti[20] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour | Y Meka Whaitiri |
9,753 | 45.18 | +4.28[lower-alpha 3] | 10,489 | 47.38 | -2.20 | ||
| Mana | Te Hāmua Nikora | 5,080 | 23.53 | -2.59 | |||||
| Māori Party | Marama Fox | 3,848 | 17.83 | -2.03 | 2,699 | 12.19 | -1.79 | ||
| Green | Henare Kani | 2,114 | 9.79 | -1.36 | 2,275 | 10.28 | +0.92 | ||
| Independent | Cathryn Eden | 215 | 1.00 | +1.00 | |||||
| Expatriate Party | Vicky Rose | 70 | 0.32 | +0.32 | |||||
| NZ First | 2,490 | 11.25 | -2.95 | ||||||
| Internet Mana | 2,152 | 9.72 | +0.12[lower-alpha 4] | ||||||
| National | 1,189 | 5.37 | -0.60 | ||||||
| Legalise Cannabis | 313 | 1.41 | -0.05 | ||||||
| Conservative | 130 | 0.59 | +0.19 | ||||||
| Ban 1080 | 25 | 0.11 | +0.11 | ||||||
| ACT | 24 | 0.11 | +0.11 | ||||||
| Independent Coalition | 11 | 0.05 | +0.05 | ||||||
| United Future | 6 | 0.03 | -0.05 | ||||||
| Focus | 4 | 0.02 | +0.02 | ||||||
| Democrats | 2 | 0.01 | 0.00 | ||||||
| Civilian | 2 | 0.01 | +0.01 | ||||||
| Informal votes | 506 | 325 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 21,586 | 22,136 | |||||||
| Labour hold | Majority | 4,673 | 21.64 | -16.97 | |||||
2013 by-election
The following table shows the final results of the by-election:[6]
| 2013 Ikaroa-Rāwhiti by-election | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Notes: Blue background denotes the winner of the by-election. | |||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
| Labour | Meka Whaitiri | 4,590 | 40.90 | -19.81 | |
| Mana Party | Te Hamua Nikora | 2,931 | 26.12 | +11.84 | |
| Māori Party | Na Raihania | 2,229 | 19.86 | -3.24 | |
| Green | Marama Davidson | 1,251 | 11.15 | +11.15 | |
| Legalise Cannabis | Michael Appleby | 176 | 1.57 | +1.57 | |
| Independent | Maurice Wairau | 30 | 0.27 | -1.64 | |
| Independent | Adam Holland | 15 | 0.13 | +0.13 | |
| Total Valid votes | 11,222 | ||||
| Informal votes | 46 | 0.41 | -4.93 | ||
| Turnout | 11,268 | 33.13 | -22.46 | ||
| Registered electors | 34,008 | ||||
| Labour hold | Majority | 1,659 | 14.78 | -22.83 | |
2011 election
| 2011 general election: Ikaroa-Rāwhiti[21] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour | Y Parekura Horomia |
10,558 | 60.71 | +9.22 | 9,054 | 49.58 | -7.62 | ||
| Māori Party | Na Raihania | 4,017 | 23.10 | -19.86 | 2,736 | 14.98 | -11.91 | ||
| Mana | Tawhai McClutchie | 2,484 | 14.28 | +14.28 | 1,754 | 9.60 | +9.60 | ||
| Independent | Maurice Wairau | 332 | 1.91 | +1.91 | |||||
| Green | 1,710 | 9.36 | +6.21 | ||||||
| NZ First | 1,516 | 8.30 | +2.93 | ||||||
| National | 1,091 | 5.97 | +1.12 | ||||||
| Legalise Cannabis | 267 | 1.46 | +0.47 | ||||||
| Conservative | 73 | 0.40 | +0.40 | ||||||
| ACT | 36 | 0.20 | -0.04 | ||||||
| United Future | 14 | 0.08 | -0.01 | ||||||
| Libertarianz | 7 | 0.04 | +0.02 | ||||||
| Alliance | 2 | 0.01 | -0.004 | ||||||
| Democrats | 2 | 0.01 | -0.004 | ||||||
| Informal votes | 928 | 470 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 17,391 | 18,262 | |||||||
| Labour hold | Majority | 6,541 | 37.61 | +29.08 | |||||
Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 32,951[22]
2008 election
| 2008 general election: Ikaroa-Rāwhiti[23] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour | Y Parekura Horomia |
9,927 | 51.49 | -2.26 | 11,328 | 57.20 | -1.08 | ||
| Māori Party | Derek Fox | 8,282 | 42.96 | +0.16 | 5,326 | 26.89 | -1.17 | ||
| Green | Bevan Tipene | 1,070 | 5.55 | +5.55 | 625 | 3.16 | +0.63 | ||
| NZ First | 1,064 | 5.37 | +0.64 | ||||||
| National | 962 | 4.86 | +2.13 | ||||||
| Legalise Cannabis | 196 | 0.99 | +0.18 | ||||||
| Family Party | 77 | 0.39 | +0.39 | ||||||
| Bill and Ben | 68 | 0.34 | +0.34 | ||||||
| ACT | 47 | 0.24 | +0.06 | ||||||
| Progressive | 35 | 0.18 | -0.12 | ||||||
| Kiwi | 25 | 0.13 | +0.13 | ||||||
| United Future | 17 | 0.09 | -0.29 | ||||||
| Workers Party | 16 | 0.08 | +0.08 | ||||||
| Pacific | 7 | 0.04 | +0.04 | ||||||
| Libertarianz | 4 | 0.02 | +0.01 | ||||||
| Alliance | 3 | 0.02 | -0.01 | ||||||
| Democrats | 3 | 0.02 | +0.01 | ||||||
| RONZ | 2 | 0.01 | -0.01 | ||||||
| RAM | 0 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | ||||||
| Informal votes | 439 | 284 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 19,279 | 19,805 | |||||||
| Labour hold | Majority | 1,645 | 8.53 | -2.29 | |||||
2005 election
| 2005 general election: Ikaroa-Rāwhiti[24] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour | Y Parekura Horomia |
9,502 | 53.75 | -24.31 | 10,639 | 58.28 | |||
| Māori Party | Atareta Poananga | 7,570 | 42.80 | +42.80 | 5,122 | 28.06 | |||
| Destiny | Tauha Te Kani | 614 | 3.47 | 360 | 1.97 | ||||
| NZ First | 846 | 4.63 | |||||||
| National | 499 | 2.73 | |||||||
| Green | 443 | 2.43 | |||||||
| Legalise Cannabis | 147 | 0.81 | |||||||
| United Future | 70 | 0.38 | |||||||
| Progressive | 54 | 0.30 | |||||||
| ACT | 33 | 0.18 | |||||||
| Family Rights | 14 | 0.08 | |||||||
| Christian Heritage | 7 | 0.04 | |||||||
| 99 MP | 5 | 0.03 | |||||||
| Alliance | 5 | 0.03 | |||||||
| One NZ | 3 | 0.02 | |||||||
| RONZ | 3 | 0.02 | |||||||
| Democrats | 2 | 0.01 | |||||||
| Libertarianz | 2 | 0.01 | |||||||
| Direct Democracy | 1 | 0.01 | |||||||
| Informal votes | 472 | 240 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 17,686 | 18,255 | |||||||
| Labour hold | Majority | 1,932 | 10.92 | -61.33 | |||||
1999 election
| 1999 general election: Ikaroa-Rāwhiti[25] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour | Parekura Horomia | 7,442 | 40.99 | 10,763 | 59.03 | ||||
| Independent | Derek Fox | 6,747 | 37.16 | ||||||
| NZ First | Bill Gudgeon | 1,084 | 5.97 | 2,185 | 11.98 | ||||
| Alliance | Des Ratima | 957 | 5.27 | 1,223 | 6.71 | ||||
| Mauri Pacific | Rana Waitai | 590 | 3.25 | 369 | 2.02 | ||||
| National | Dale Stephens | 376 | 2.07 | 812 | 4.45 | ||||
| Christian Democrats | Tiwha Patricia Blake | 235 | 1.29 | 170 | 0.93 | ||||
| Christian Heritage | Peter Richard Amor | 207 | 1.14 | 231 | 1.27 | ||||
| Freedom Movement | Jennifer Waitai-Rapana | 175 | 0.96 | 60 | 0.33 | ||||
| ACT | Vicky Robin | 139 | 0.77 | 99 | 0.54 | ||||
| Mana Wahine | Beverly Rewa Nicholson | 86 | 0.47 | ||||||
| Natural Law | Tim Irwin | 66 | 0.36 | 28 | 0.15 | ||||
| Aroha Ngia Tatou | Te Aroha Mei | 51 | 0.28 | ||||||
| Mana Māori | 750 | 4.11 | |||||||
| Green | 727 | 3.99 | |||||||
| Legalise Cannabis | 716 | 3.93 | |||||||
| Animals First | 28 | 0.15 | |||||||
| One NZ | 23 | 0.13 | |||||||
| The People's Choice | 14 | 0.08 | |||||||
| McGillicuddy Serious | 13 | 0.07 | |||||||
| United NZ | 9 | 0.05 | |||||||
| Libertarianz | 8 | 0.04 | |||||||
| NMP | 3 | 0.02 | |||||||
| Republican | 1 | 0.01 | |||||||
| South Island | 1 | 0.01 | |||||||
- Compared to Internet Mana party vote
- Compared to Internet Mana party vote
- Compared to Mana Movement party vote
- "Hon Meka Whaitiri". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
- Scotcher, Katie (16 October 2023). "Devastated Labour MPs prepare for spell in political wilderness". Radio New Zealand. Retrieved 17 October 2023.
- Report of the Representation Commission 2014 (PDF). Representation Commission. 4 April 2014. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-477-10414-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
- "Hon Parekura Horomia". New Zealand Parliament. 2013. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
- Small, Vernon; Chapman, Kate (29 April 2013). "MP Parekura Horomia dead". Stuff. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
- "Results of the Ikaroa-Rāwhiti by-election". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 3 September 2014.
- "Maori Party selects by-election candidate". 3 News NZ. 18 May 2013.
- "Na Rongowhakaata Raihania announced as candidate". Scoop. 18 May 2013.
- "Te Hamua Nikora is the MANA Party Candidate for the Ikaroa Rawhiti By-Election". Mana Movement. 22 May 2013. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
- "Mana announces Ikaroa-Rawhiti candidate". Radio New Zealand. Retrieved 23 May 2013.
- "Ikaroa-Rāwhiti By-election Candidates Announced". Elections New Zealand. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
- Bennett, Adam (26 May 2013). "Greens select child abuse campaigner for Ikaroa-Rawhiti". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
- "Marama Davidson selected as Green Party candidate for Ikaroa-Rāwhiti" (Press release). Green Party. Archived from the original on 4 September 2013. Retrieved 26 May 2013.
- "Vote Michael Appleby in the Ikaroa Rawhiti By-election". Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party. Archived from the original on 28 June 2013. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
- "Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party launch By-Election campaign". Scoop (Press release). Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party. Retrieved 5 June 2013.
- Laing, Doug (20 September 2014). "Meka Whaitiri wins Ikaroa-Rawhiti". Hawke's Bay Today. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
- "Ikaroa-Rāwhiti – Official Result". New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
- "Official Count Results – Ikaroa-Rāwhiti". Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
- "Official Count Results -- Ikaroa-Rawhiti". Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission. Archived from the original on 24 December 2017. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
- "2011 election results". Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
- "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
- "Candidate vote details – Ikaroa-Rāwhiti". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
- Electorate profile, New Zealand Parliament