Ilarion Roganović (Serbian Cyrillic: Иларион Рогановић; 12 July 1828 – 15 January 1882) was the Metropolitan of Montenegro and the Highlands from 1860 to 1882. Earlier, he was also the archimandrite of the Ždrebaonik, Ostrog and Cetinje Monasteries. He is remembered as the founder of the Committee of the Red Cross of Montenegro.^[1]

In 1864, Ilarion introduced an order that reformed the parishes and introduced archpriests. In 1866, parishes were reformed again making them more equal in population. After this, 60 priests were left without parishes, but were paid a yearly sum from parishes with more than 120 houses. Under Ilarion, an inventory of all monastery lands was created in 1868.^[2]

In 1866, Roganović ordered that all priests must grow their beards.^[5] They were, however, allowed to wear their national costume. Ilarion also introduced registers of births, deaths and marriages, expanding the earlier practice of recording only baptisms, started by Peter I.^[2]

Under Ilarion, the new Eparchy of Raška and Zahumlje was created. It covered the areas conquered by Montenegro in the Montenegrin–Ottoman War of 1878 and was led by Visarion Ljubiša, who Ilarion and the Bishop of the Bay of Kotor Gerasim Petranović consecrated on 8 September 1878.^[2]

In 1869, the Cetinje Seminary was officially opened.^[5][2] During his service, Ilarion consecrated 45 temples and ordained 119 priests.^[3]

In 1875, Ilarion became the first president of the Red Cross of Montenegro.^[6]