The Indiana High School Boys Basketball Tournament, organized by the Indiana High School Athletic Association (IHSAA), is one of the oldest state high school basketball tournament in America. The tournament has often featured future NCAA and National Basketball Association (NBA) players. The Milan Miracle team in the 1953–54 season inspired the 1986 movie Hoosiers. In the early 1920s, the tournament was dominated by the Franklin Wonder Five, who won three consecutive state championships, followed by a college championship at Franklin College. They won several games against professional teams.

Beginning with the 1997–98 season, the IHSAA divided Indiana high schools into four classes based on enrollment, and each class held its own tournament.

Beginning in the 1997–98 season, a class system was implemented under which four championships are awarded yearly.