Inferior_phrenic_arteries
The inferior phrenic artery is a bilaterally paired artery of the abdominal cavity which represents the main source of arterial supply to the diaphragm. Each artery usually arises either from the coeliac trunk or the abdominal aorta, however, their origin is highly variable and the different sites of origin are different for the left artery and right artery. The superior suprarenal artery is a branch of the inferior phrenic artery.
| Inferior phrenic arteries | |
|---|---|
Posterior abdominal wall, after removal of the peritoneum, showing kidneys, suprarenal capsules, and great vessels | |
| Details | |
| Source | Abdominal aorta |
| Branches | Superior suprarenal artery |
| Vein | Inferior phrenic vein |
| Supplies | Thoracic diaphragm |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | arteriae phrenicae inferiores |
| TA98 | A12.2.12.002 |
| TA2 | 4206 |
| FMA | 14734 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
Origin
The inferior phrenic arteries vary considerably in their site of origin.[1] typically arise from either the coeliac trunk or (the anterior aspect of[1]) abdominal part of aorta (just superior to the coeliac trunk[1]); the two arteries arise either separately or as a common trunk.[2] The inferior phrenic arteries usually arise at the level corresponding to between T12 and L2 vertebrae.[3]
The right inferior phrenic artery may less often arise from the right renal artery, left gastric artery, hepatic artery proper.[2]
The left inferior phrenic artery may less often arise from either renal artery, left gastric artery, or hepatic artery proper.[2]
Course and relations
Each artery passes superoanteriorly and laterally to reach the crura of diaphragm, passing close to the medial border of the ipsilateral suprarenal gland. Each artery splits into a medial branch and a lateral branch near the posterior border of the central tendon of diaphragm.[2]
Left inferior phrenic artery
The left phrenic passes posterior the esophagus,[2] then anterior-ward upon the left side of the esophageal hiatus,[1] past the left side of the oesophageal hiatus.[2]
Right inferior phrenic artery
The right phrenic passes posterior to the inferior vena cava. It passes past the right side of the caval opening.[2]
Branches
- The medial branch curves anterior-ward, and anastomoses with its fellow of the opposite side, and with the musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic arteries.[1]
- The lateral branch passes toward the side of the thorax, and anastomoses with the lower intercostal arteries, and with the musculophrenic. The lateral branch of the right phrenic gives off a few vessels to the inferior vena cava; and the left one, some branches to the esophagus.[1]
Distribution
The inferior phrenic arteries are the main source of arterial supply to the diaphragm.[2]
Each of the smaller vessels give a superior suprarenal artery to the ipsilateral supradrenal gland. The spleen and the liver also receive a few twigs from the left and right vessels respectively.[1]
- Gray, Henry (1918). Gray's Anatomy (20th ed.). p. 612.
- Standring, Susan (2020). Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (42th ed.). New York. p. 1042. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Hiwatashi, Akio; Yoshida, Kisaku (September 2003). "The origin of right inferior phrenic artery on multidetector row helical CT". Clinical Imaging. 27 (5): 298–303. doi:10.1016/s0899-7071(02)00553-3. ISSN 0899-7071. PMID 12932678.
- Anatomy photo:40:11-0200 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Posterior Abdominal Wall: Branches of the Abdominal Aorta"
- Cross section image: pembody/body8a—Plastination Laboratory at the Medical University of Vienna (#23)
