Iodine_pentafluoride
Iodine pentafluoride
Chemical compound
This article is about an interhalogen compound. For the IF5 tornado rating, see International Fujita scale.
Iodine pentafluoride is an interhalogen compound with chemical formula IF5. It is one of the fluorides of iodine. It is a colorless liquid, although impure samples appear yellow. It is used as a fluorination reagent and even a solvent in specialized syntheses.[3]
Quick Facts Names, Identifiers ...
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| Names | |||
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| Preferred IUPAC name
Iodine(V) fluoride | |||
| Systematic IUPAC name
Pentafluoro-λ5-iodane | |||
| Other names
Iodic fluoride | |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.029.108  | ||
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PubChem CID |
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| Properties | |||
| IF5 | |||
| Molar mass | 221.89 g/mol | ||
| Appearance | colorless liquid | ||
| Density | 3.250 g/cm3 | ||
| Melting point | 9.43 °C (48.97 °F; 282.58 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 97.85 °C (208.13 °F; 371.00 K) | ||
| Reacts | |||
| −58.1·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
| Viscosity | 2.111 mPa·s | ||
| Structure | |||
| Monoclinic point group C2/c | |||
| Square pyramidal | |||
| square pyramidal[1] | |||
| Hazards | |||
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Main hazards |
Toxic, oxidiser, corrosive, reacts with water to release HF | ||
| GHS labelling: | |||
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| Danger | |||
| H271, H301+H311+H331, H314, H371, H410[2] | |||
| P202, P232, P304, P310[2] | |||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | External MSDS | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Other anions |
Iodine pentoxide | ||
Other cations |
Bromine pentafluoride | ||
Related compounds |
Iodine monofluoride Iodine trifluoride Iodine heptafluoride | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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It was first synthesized by Henri Moissan in 1891 by burning solid iodine in fluorine gas.[4] This exothermic reaction is still used to produce iodine pentafluoride, although the reaction conditions have been improved.[5]
- I2 + 5 F2 → 2 IF5
IF5 reacts vigorously with water forming hydrofluoric acid and iodic acid:
- IF5 + 3 H2O → HIO3 + 5 HF
Upon treatment with fluorine, it converts to iodine heptafluoride:[6]
- IF5 + F2 → IF7
It has been used as a solvent for handling metal fluorides. For example, the reduction of osmium hexafluoride to osmium pentafluoride with iodine is conducted in a solution in iodine pentafluoride:[7]
- 10 OsF6 + I2 → 10 OsF5 + 2 IF5
Primary amines react with iodine pentafluoride forming nitriles after hydrolysis.[8]
- Durbank, R. D.; Jones, G. R. (1974). "Crystal structure of Iodine Pentafluoride at -80°". Inorganic Chemistry. 13 (5): 421–439. doi:10.1021/ic50135a012.
- Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
- Moissan, M. H. (1891). "Nouvelles Recherches sur le Fluor". Annales de Chimie et de Physique. 6 (24): 224–282.
- Ruff, O.; Keim, R. (1931). "Fluorierung von Verbindungen des Kohlenstoffs (Benzol und Tetrachlormethan mit Jod-5-fluorid, sowie Tetrachlormethan mit Fluor) [Fluoridation of Carbon Compounds (Benzene and Tetrachlormethane with Iodine-5-Fluoride, and Tetrachloromethane with Fluorine)]". Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie (in German). 201 (1): 245–258. doi:10.1002/zaac.19312010122.
- Ruff, O.; Keim, R. (1930). "Das Jod-7-fluorid [The iodine-7-fluoride]". Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie (in German). 193 (1): 176–186. doi:10.1002/zaac.19301930117.
- Holloway, John H.; Mitchell, S. J. (1971). "Preparation and Crystal Structure of Osmium Pentafluoride". Journal of the Chemical Society: 2789–94. doi:10.1039/J19710002789.
- Stevens, T. E. (1966). "Rearrangement of Amides with Iodine Pentafluoride". Journal of Organic Chemistry. 31 (6): 2025–2026. doi:10.1021/jo01344a539.
- Lord, R. C.; Lynch, M. A.; Schumb, W. C.; Slowinski, E. J. (1950). "The Vibrational Spectra and Structures of Iodine Pentafluoride and Heptafluoride". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 72 (1): 522–527. doi:10.1021/ja01157a135.
- Rogers, M. T.; Speirs, J. L.; Thompson, H. B.; Panish, M. B. (1954). "Iodine Pentafluoride, Freezing and Boiling Point, Heat of Vaporization and Vapor Pressure-Temperature Relations". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 76 (19): 4843–4844. doi:10.1021/ja01648a022.
- Rogers, M. T.; Thompson, H. B.; Speirs, J. L. (1954). "Dielectric Constants of Liquid Chlorine Trifluoride and Iodine Pentafluoride". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 76 (19): 4841–4843. doi:10.1021/ja01648a021.
- Booth, H. S.; Pinkston, J. T. Jr. (1947). "The Halogen Fluorides". Chemical Reviews. 41 (3): 421–439. doi:10.1021/cr60130a001. PMID 18895518.
- Hetherington, G.; Robinson, P.L. (1956). "The Viscosities of Iodine Pentafluoride and Ditellurium Decafluoride". Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed): 3681. doi:10.1039/jr9560003674. ISSN 0368-1769.