1926 general strike

Eden became a factory worker filling shock absorbers at Birmingham's Lucas Electronics factory and a union steward for the factory's only section of unionised women. During the 1926 United Kingdom general strike, she convinced these same unionised worker women to walk out of the factory and join the strike.^[6] Both of her parents were very supportive of her trade union activism, with her father joining her during the general strike and her mother hanging a red flag from their home's front window.^[6]

"One policeman put his hands on my arms. They were telling me to go home, but the crowd howled … 'Hey, leave her alone'… and some men came and pushed the policemen away. They didn't do anything after that. I think they could see there would have been a riot. I was never frightened of the police or the troops because I had the people with me, you see."

— Jessie Eden, 50th anniversary of the 1926 general strike, Birmingham Post 1976, as published in The Guardian

1931 Birmingham women's strike

In 1931 Eden organised another strike, this time leading 10,000 non-unionised women on a week-long strike, during which she joined the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB).^[8] Before the strike, Eden had noticed that factory supervisors had been closely observing her work, and it was soon discovered by Eden and her fellow workers that the supervisors were monitoring her because she was a fast worker and that they planned to use her work speed as a standard for all the other workers in the factory. Eden approached the Amalgamated Engineering Union (AEU), however, they did not allow women to join their membership, so she instead approached the Transport and General Workers' Union (T&W). In protest to the factory's plans, Eden organised a mass walkout of 10,000 women, who refused to work for a week. The strike was successful and the Lucas Electrics factory management was forced to back down.^[6] After the victory, the overjoyed factory workers were so ecstatic that the factory could not function during normal hours and had to be closed early.^[6] One of the communist activists who had encouraged Eden was raised up upon the shoulders of factory workers at a dinner hour in celebration.^[8]

This strike was described by the Trades Union Congress (TUC) as "unprecedented at the time",^[1] and led to the T&G's leader (then Ernest Bevin) to award Jessie Eden with the union's Gold Medal.^[1] Eden's leadership and organisation of the strike prompted a massive increase in the number of women in the midlands joining British trade unions.^[6][8]

Life in the Soviet Union

After the 1931 strike the Communist Party (of which she was a lifelong member) arranged for her to travel to the Soviet Union to help rally women workers to help build the Moscow Metro in 1934.^[2] She spent two and a half years in the Soviet Union, although despite her skills in worker organisation, her work did very little to speed up the progress of the Moscow Metro, due largely to language difficulties.^[8] During her time in the Soviet Union, she became involved with the Comintern's Lenin School,^[5] and was elected a Shock Worker at the Stalin automotive plant (later renamed the ZiL automotives).^[8]

Later in life, Eden told her daughter-in-law that she had travelled to the Soviet Union in secret, and that most people believed she had disappeared.^[8]

1939 Birmingham rent strike

After returning from the Soviet Union, Eden again led another successful strike in the city of Birmingham. In 1939, as a protest against slum-like conditions of housing in the city of Birmingham, Eden organised a mass rent strike of nearly 50,000 tenants.^[2] She would continue her activism in the field of housing rights and spend nearly three decades as the leader of Birmingham city's federation of council house tenants.^[2]

Election campaigns

Eden contested the Handsworth constituency during the 1945 general election, winning 3.4% (1,390) of the vote.^[2]

Later in November 1945, she took part as a candidate in the municipal elections, short of winning by 2,887 votes.^[2]

Appearance in Peaky Blinders

In the 2020s, Eden was best known for her depiction in the fictional British television series Peaky Blinders, causing both controversies over how her personal life was portrayed^[9] and a renewed interest in British trade union history.^[10][11]

Season 4 and 5 of Peaky Blinders introduced the character, portrayed by Irish actress Charlie Murphy.^[12] Although the reception was mixed,^[13] some people who had known Eden personally took offence to the way she was depicted.^[14] Graham Stevenson, a trade union leader and author of articles on British communism, a personal friend of Eden and the author of her biography, criticised the show.^[15]

"I knew Eden, and as a callow 22-year-old, I didn't ask the 70-year-old Jessie about her relationships, let alone sex life. But I doubt her private life was as complicated or dramatic as her eponymous character's. Nor can I see any young woman during the 1920s gratuitously going into a gents' toilets, as Eden is shown doing, for any reason at all other than life or death. The social values of the programme are ahistorical. It is surely the conceit that Tommy Shelby, the gangster villain-hero of the series, could ever convince a woman like Eden to be wined and dined, let alone be seduced, that finally reveals the true motives of the creators of the programme."^[16]

At a round table event featuring Stevenson, poet Dave Puller, and cultural historian Professor Paul Long, the three discussed the series and its depictions of the British working class. Long rated the series positively and praised the series as a "great representation of interesting working-class protagonists". Puller had mixed feelings and was disappointed that the show chose to focus on Eden's fictional romance with Tommy Shelby, rather than her real achievements as a communist and a trade union leader.^[13]