John Maxwell Anderson FRCS, FRCSED (1928 – 31 January 1982) was a Scottish consultant surgeon and cancer specialist whose research focused on tissue transplantation, cancer immunology and chemotherapy.^[1][2]

John Maxwell Anderson was educated at Madras College, St Andrews and Strathallan School, Perthshire.^[1] He graduated from the University of St Andrews in 1952 (MB ChB).^[1] Following the completion of his national service with the Royal Air Force, Anderson had a varied postgraduate training.^[1] In 1959 he became a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons (FRCS) and a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (FRCSED).^[1]

In 1960 Anderson was appointed senior registrar to Professor Ian Aird at the Hammersmith Hospital in London.^[1] Thereafter, he went to Harvard Medical School and Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston where he conducted valuable original research.^[1] In 1966 Anderson was appointed consultant surgeon at Glasgow Royal Infirmary, eventually becoming consultant general surgeon.^[1] He published several notable books and papers during his career.^[3]

Anderson died in 1982 in a fall from the roof of his house while carrying out a home repair.^[2]

Anderson's grandfather, Jamie Anderson, won The Open Championship in three consecutive years between 1877 and 1879.^[4]

• John Maxwell Anderson, ed. (1970). The Biology and Surgery of Tissue Transplantation: Proceedings of a Conference Held in Glasgow on 20-21 March 1969. Blackwell Scientific. ISBN 0397601271.
• John Maxwell Anderson (1970). The biology and surgery of tissue transplantation. Blackwell Scientific. ISBN 063206210X.
• John Maxwell Anderson (1972). Nature's Transplant: The Transplantation Immunology of Viviparity. Butterworths. ISBN 0407326502.