Julián Juderías y Loyot (16 September 1877 – 19 June 1918) was a Spanish historian, sociologist, literary critic, journalist, translator and interpreter.

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Juderías was born in Madrid to a prominent and cultured family. His father, Mariano Juderías, was a well-known historical author and translator. His mother was French. At 17, he began work with the Spanish Ministry of State. In 1900, after the death of his father, he moved to Paris to attend the School of Eastern Languages. There and in Leipzig and Odesa he studied French, German, Russian and other languages. His main work was a study about the concept of "Black Legend", in which he denounced the tendentious, nonobjective historical writing or propaganda about Spain, its people and its culture.

During the First World War, he served in King Alfonso XIII's European War Office.

Years after his death, Juderías' works greatly influenced Spanish conservative thinkers such as Ramiro de Maeztu and José María de Areilza.