The KH-2002 Khaybar (Persian: خیبر Khayber) is an Iranian-designed assault rifle, derived from the DIO S 5.56 assault rifle (an unlicensed clone of the Chinese Norinco CQ,^[2] which in turn is an unlicensed copy of the American M16) and further developed by Iran's Defense Industries Organization (DIO).^[3][4] It was designed in 2001 with samples produced in 2003 with the eventual production of the KH2002 commencing in 2004. It is similar in appearance to the QBZ-95 and the FAMAS.^[5]

Its improved version, released in 2009, was known as "Sama" (Persian: سما).^[3][6]

In the early 2000s, Iran was testing prototypes of G3 battle rifles made under license for the Iranian military in bullpup configurations to test their feasibility.^[6] This was later dropped in favor of a similar weapon that's chambered in 5.56 NATO.^[6] The KH-2002 was planned, from 2006, to replace the G3s in the Iranian military.^[7]

According to a Global Security Studies report, it was observed that Venezuela received 18,000 KH-2002s sold to them by Iran in 2007.^[8] In the same year, an investigation was carried out in Uruguay in an attempt to bring KH-2002s into the country through Venezuela, which was a violation of UN embargo rules against Iran, according to reports in the Washington Times.^[9] According to the article, all 18,000 rifles and 15,000 rounds of Iranian-made 5.56mm NATO ammunition were confiscated.^[9]

In 2008, Iran had sent ten samples of the KH-2002 to Syria in order to compete for a potential contract with the Syrian Army against the AK-74M.^[10] Eight KH-2002s used in field tests jammed numerous times, leaving two of them in working condition.^[10]

It has been suggested that production of the KH-2002 was discontinued in 2012 after DIO was unable to find customers willing to buy the assault rifle.^[11][10]

The KH-2002 features a four-position fire selector lever which is situated toward the rear of the left side butt-stock behind magazine housing with the M16-type magazine release button on the right side of the magazine housing.^[12][13] The weapon is not entirely ambidextrous since the ejection port is located on the right side of the rifle.^[1] It uses the globally proliferate STANAG magazine and is typically fitted with 20- or 30-round magazines.^[14]

The selector offers semi-automatic, fully automatic and three-round burst options,^[4] with the safety selection in the forward position.^[15] It operates as a gas operated, rotating bolt-type rifle.^[3] The KH-2002 can be outfitted with an AK-type bayonet.^[6]

The DIO promotes the KH-2002 as a "low-recoil, highly accurate, lightweight" weapon, with "modular construction for easy maintenance" and a rotating bolt locking mechanism, presumably designed to facilitate ambidextrous firing, protected under a carrying handle that contains the rear sight.^[5] The carrying handle can also be used to mount optical or night sights.^[16]

Its charging handle is located on top of the receiver.^[17]

The weight of the KH-2002 with the long barrel and an empty 30-round magazine is given as 3.7 kg. The weapon can also be fitted with an optional bipod and a bayonet.^[5][16] Field stripping the rifle is most likely based on the M16.^[15]

The Sama-type rifle has improvements made over initial production models such as having a longer carry handle to accommodate longer optics or scopes when it was released in 2009.^[6][18] Other improvements include a foregrip extension below the barrel to better handle the rifle, two picatinny rails on the receiver were included and the bolt carrier design changed to fit the ejection port.^[2]

According to an October 2013 report by SIPRI, it's suggested that China may have provided technical assistance to Iranian engineers in designing the rifle.^[19]

The variants consisted of the following:^[1]

• Assault Rifle: Standard barrel based on the M16A1.
• Carbine: Has a short barrel and no front sight.
• DMR: Has a longer barrel.