Kamwina Nsapu rebellion

The Kamwina Nsapu rebellion, also spelled Kamuina Nsapu rebellion,[14] was an uprising that took place in the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 2016 and 2019. It was instigated by the Kamwina Nsapu militia against state security forces [15] in the provinces of Kasaï-Central, Kasaï, Kasaï-Oriental, Lomami and Sankuru.[16][12] The fighting began after the militia, led by Kamwina Nsapu, attacked security forces in August 2016.

Kamwina Nsapu rebellion
Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo affected by the rebellion at its peak (dark red).
Date 8 August 2016 – c. 2019 (c. 3 years) Location Kasaï-Central, Kasaï, Kasaï-Oriental, Lomami and Sankuru; Democratic Republic of the Congo Result Government victory
Belligerents
Kamwina Nsapu rebels[1] Various independent militias[2]	DR Congo Allied militias: Bana Mura[3] Ecurie Mbembe[4] Smaller pro-government groups[1][5]
Commanders and leaders
Jean-Pierre Mpandi "Kamwina Nsapu" †[6] No central leader since August 2016[6]	Joseph Kabila (until Jan. 2019) Félix Tshisekedi (from Jan. 2019) Gen. Dieudonné Banze Gen. Éric Ruhorimbere[7]
Units involved
Unclear	Congolese security forces Armed Forces Police Force Republican Guard[8] National Intelligence Agency[9]
Strength
10,000+[10]	Thousands[1]
Casualties and losses
Thousands killed, captured, and surrendered	Hundreds killed and wounded
Killed in total: c. 5,000 (UN estimate by August 2018);[5] 3,300+ (Catholic Church estimate by June 2017)[11][9] Displaced: 1.09 million internally,[12] 35,000 to Angola[13]

There was an ethnic aspect to the conflict:[14] the rebels were mostly Luba[15] and had selectively killed non-Luba.[17]