Karelian Revolutionary Committee & the Executive Committee of Olonets

The Government of the Karelian Labor Commune was ran by the Karelian Revolutionary Committee (Karrevkom), which was headed by Edvard Gylling, a former member of the government of the FSWR. Much of the leadership of the Karelian Labor Commune were that of Red Finns, who were expatriates that got government jobs, such as Gylling, Aleksandr Šotman and et cetera. Around 20,000 Finnish people, mostly people who were apart of the Finnish People's Delegation or Red Guards fled to the Commune following or nearing the end of the Finnish Civil War.^[5][6]

The Capital of the Commune was chosen to be Petrozavodsk. This was a problem as this lead to the formation of two administrative centers for the Commune, for the existence of the Executive Committee of Olonets. The existence of two administrative centers lead to infighting and petty disputes, such as the demarcation of the border based of either ethnic, legal/historical or economic boundaries.^[7][8]

The borders of the Karelian Labor Commune were drawn in such a way that the Karelian people and/or Finnish people would form to be the majority of the region, as according to the census carried out in 1920, 145,753 people lived there, of which 60.8%, or 89,951 people, were ethnically Karelians.^[9] The bitter infighting led to the eastern border to run roughly along the Murmansk railroad from the White Sea to Lake Onega, so that Shunga, Shyoltozero and the mouth of the River Svir would remain outside of the Commune, to limit the amount of Russian people within the borders of the labor commune.^[9]

The borders which the Executive Committee of Olonets wished for were those of the Olonets Governorate of that of under the Russian Empire. As they saw it to be the legitimate option as the Governorate had never been formally dissolved and in de jure control of the Executive Committee of Olonets.

All-Karelian Congress of Soviets

The 1. All-Karelian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Peasants' and Red Army Deputies was held between 11-19 February 1921. The 1. All-Karelian Congress of Soviets elected the chairman of the Karelian Regional Executive Committee (Karoblispolkom), which had jurisdiction over all territory other than that in conflict with the Executive Committee of Olonets. 144 delegates took part in this session of congress and Edward Gylling was elected to be chariman of the Karoblispolkom.^[10]

The All-Karelian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Peasants' and Red Army Deputies held a congress in Petrozavodsk between 1-3 July 1920 and it was a de facto election between the 142 delegates representing 24 Karelian volosts of the Karelian Labor Commune, within the congress the delegates represented around 105,000 Karelian people. The All-Karelian Congress of Soviets was held to see the opinions of regions relating to the subject of independence, joining Finland or staying in the RSFSR. The results of the congress were that 88.3% of all respondents were in favor of remaining apart of the RSFSR, 10.8% were in favor of independence, and 0.9% were in favor of joining Finland.^[10]

The congress was filled with regionalist debate, with the Executive Committee of Olonets having wishes to stay within the RSFSR, while the White Karelia region wishing more for outright independence or joining Finland. The congress itself was promoted by the Executive Committee of Olonets on April 28 1920, when they adopted a special resolution in which a congress would be held on the subject of independence, joining Finland or staying within Russia for Karelia.^[10] The All-Karelian Congress of Soviets was however not only related to independence, as it also adopted an order for the Karelian Revolutionary Committee to take measures to combat hunger, in order to prevent a famine, restore agriculture, fisheries and the forestry industry.^[10]

The All-Karelian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Peasants' and Red Army Deputies became the supreme state power of the Karelian Labour Commune following a resolution on 8 June 1920 when the Karrevkom resigned due it having completed its temporary task.^[11]

Joint Presidium & the Provincial Executive Committee

The Karelian Revolutionary Committee (Karrevkom) despite it's continued authority over the Executive Committee of Olonets, resorted to a Joint Presidium between the two groups, which was called a provincial executive committee, alongside this a lot of political power was granted to a Council of People's Commissars (CPC). ^[11] The formation of the Provincial Executive Committee did not solve a lot of problems, as areas which were inside the Olonets Governorate but outside the reach of the CPC still were under de jure control of the Executive Committee of Olonets. These areas outside the Commune which retained their powers were neighbouring areas of Petrozavodsk and Povenets.^[11]

This led to the Administrative Commission of the Presidium proposing to include the Petrozavodsk and Povenets unincluded regions, this was rejected by all parties, including the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the RSFSR, who rejected the proposal. This led to the proposal being given to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars, who rejected the proposal on 11 September 1920, the rejection to the proposal was signed by Vladimir Lenin, and it was said to be a need for the preservation of the old province, and its subject economic, food and land departments.^[11] P.F. Anokhin was later elected the chairman of the Presidium in August 1920.