Catharina Elisabeth Goethe, born Catharina Elisabeth Textor, (19 February 1731 – 13 September 1808) was the mother of German playwright and poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and his sister Cornelia Schlosser. She was also known by the nickname Frau Aja and the title Frau Rat.

Catharina Elisabeth was born to Johann Wolfgang Textor (1693–1771) and Anna Margaretha Lindheimer (1711–1783) on 19 February 1731.^[1] Johann Wolfgang was a wealthy lawyer involved with Frankfurt politics.^[2] She married Johann Caspar Goethe (1710–1782), on 20 August 1748, who was 21 years older than her, ^[3][4] after which she moved into his house on Großer Hirschgraben.^[5] Three months later, she became pregnant aged 18,^[6] and her son Johann Wolfgang was born at the house on 28 August 1749.^[7][8] Goethe was soon pregnant again, and gave birth to her second child, Cornelia, on 7 December 1750.^[9] 5 more children followed, but none survived to adulthood.^[10] After the death of Georg Adolf in 1761, the Goethes did not try for any more children; each birth posed a great risk to both the mother and child.^[11] Catharina Elisabeth's role in the Goethe household primarily involved looking after her children; the Goethes had a servant, a cook and two maids who did most of the household tasks.^[12]

Catharina Elisabeth was a pietist and did not often attend church, preferring the conventicle of the pietists instead.^[13]

In 1774, Johann Wolfgang published The Sorrows of Young Werther, which brought him great fame, and thus many guests came to visit the Goethe household. Catharina Elisabeth revelled in caring for these guests.^[14] In 1775, Goethe moved to Weimar, but the Goethe House in Frankfurt still remained a popular spot to visit, with guests wanting to meet the mother of the famed playwright.^[15] Many of these guests became correspondents of Catharina Elisabeth,^[15] such as Duchess Anna Amalia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and Bettina von Arnim.

Johann Caspar became ill in 1780, and died in 1782,^[16] after which Catharina Elisabeth occupied their house alone. She sold the house in 1795 and moved into an apartment on Frankfurt's Roßmark,^[17] in which she lived until her death on 13 September 1808.^[18] Goethe was buried at the Textor family grave in the Peterskirchhof [de] in Frankfurt.

Katharina Elisabeth Goethe had eight siblings, four of whom survived

• Johanna Maria Textor [de], in marriage Melber (1734–1823), 1751 Got married merchant Georg Adolph Melber (1725–1780), had eleven children.
• Anna Maria Textor (born 1738) – Got married 1756 Johann Jakob Starck, son of The pastor Johann Friedrich Starck [de] (1680–1756)
• Johann Jost Textor [de] (1739–1792) – politician and lawyer, Among his children were The alderman Johann Wolfgang Textor (1767–1831) and writer Friedrich Karl Ludwig Textor [de] (1775–1851).
• Anna Christine (born 1743) – was married The commandant of the city Georg Heinrich Cornelius Shuler.

She is the heroine of Bettina von Arnim's Dies Buch gehört dem König (1843), and is one of the central figures of Karl Gutzkow 's play Der Königsleutnant.^{[citation needed]}

To celebrate the 100th anniversary of her death, a marble statue was erected of Catharina Elisabeth in the Palmengarten, showing her playing with the young Johann Wolfgang.^[19]

In 1876, the first secondary school for girls in Frankfurt, the Elisabethenschule was named after Catharina Elisabeth.^[20]