Construction and opening

The Queens Boulevard Line was one of the first built by the city-owned Independent Subway System (IND), and was planned to stretch between the IND Eighth Avenue Line in Manhattan and 178th Street and Hillside Avenue in Jamaica, Queens.^[9][10] The line was first proposed in 1925.^[11] Construction of the line was approved by the New York City Board of Estimate on October 4, 1928.^[12] As planned, Union Turnpike was to be one of the Queens Boulevard Line's five express stops, as well as one of 22 total stops on the line between Seventh Avenue in Manhattan and 178th Street in Queens.^[13] The line was constructed using the cut-and-cover tunneling method, and to allow pedestrians to cross, temporary bridges were built over the trenches.^[14]

One of the proposed stations would have been located at Union Turnpike. A map from June 1925 shows a proposed alternate routing for the Queens Boulevard Line, that would have had the line turn via Kew Gardens Road after the Union Turnpike station instead of continuing via Queens Boulevard. After proceeding via Kew Gardens Road, the line would have turned via Hillside Avenue.^[15] If this route were used, then Kew Gardens Road would have had to been widened to accommodate the four track line. This alternate routing would have provided for better access to Richmond Hill.^[16] In 1930, in anticipation of growth due to the building of the Queens Boulevard Line, several blocks of land along Queens Boulevard were rezoned so that fifteen-story apartment buildings could be built.^[17]

On December 18, 1931, Robert Moses, president of the Long Island State Park Commission, announced that the New York City Board of Transportation halted work on the construction of the station to revise the plan for the underpass under Queens Boulevard to eliminate a bottleneck. Originally, the underpass would have been 44 feet (13 m) wide.^[18] On May 7, 1933, it was announced that work on the underpass under Queens Boulevard, which was being done by the Slattery Daino Corporation, would be completed early, and that work would begin the following week on the construction of a temporary roadway over the underpass.^[19]

The first section of the line opened on August 19, 1933 from the connection to the Eighth Avenue Line at 50th Street to Roosevelt Avenue in Jackson Heights.^[20] Later that year, a $23 million loan was approved to finance the remainder of the line, along with other IND lines.^[21] The remainder of the line was built by the Public Works Administration.^[22][23] In 1934 and 1935, construction of the extension to Jamaica was suspended for 15 months and was halted by strikes.^[24] Construction was further delayed due to a strike in 1935, instigated by electricians opposing wages paid by the General Railway Signal Company.^[25]

In August 1936, tracks were installed all the way to 178th Street, and the stations to Union Turnpike were completed.^[24] On December 31, 1936, the IND Queens Boulevard Line was extended by eight stops, and 3.5 miles (5.6 km), from its previous terminus at Roosevelt Avenue to Union Turnpike.^{[26][27][28][4][29]} The construction of the extension to Kew Gardens brought significant growth to Queens, specifically in Forest Hills and Kew Gardens.^[30][31] New apartment buildings were being built as a result of the subway line, and it transformed both Forest Hills and Kew Gardens from quiet residential communities of one-family houses to active population centers.^[32][33][34] Following the line's completion, there was an increase in the property values of buildings around Queens Boulevard.^[35][36] On April 24, 1937, the IND Queens Boulevard Line was extended four stops to 169th Street, with 169th Street and Parsons Boulevard serving as terminals.^[37][38]

On December 15, 1940, F trains began running via the newly opened IND Sixth Avenue Line and along the Queens Boulevard Line's express tracks; they stopped at the Union Turnpike station.^[39] On November 23, 1941, the Q37 bus operated by Green Bus Lines was extended to the station to provide a transfer to the subway.^[40] In the 1950s, an unfinished stairway leading to the busy Q44A bus stop on the north side of Queens Boulevard at 78th Avenue was completed. Having only one staircase had resulted in dangerous conditions.^[41]

Renovations

As part of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA)'s 1975–1981 transit program, lighting at the station was improved.^[42] In 1981, the MTA listed the station among the 69 most deteriorated stations in the subway system.^[43] In September 1985, Queens Community Board 6 held a meeting on the proposed closure of the entrances to the station from Union Turnpike in the underpass under Queens Boulevard. These entrances, which were used by people being dropped off or picked up by cars, had been already closed for more than a year during the reconstruction of the Interboro Parkway (now known as the Jackie Robinson Parkway).^[44] In August 1988, as part of the MTA's Arts for Transit program, a series of wooden sculptures depicting cirrus clouds made by Krystyna Spisak-Madejczyk, titled "Underground Skies-Cloud Forest", was installed on either side of the twenty support columns in the station's western mezzanine. $5,000 in funding for the project was provided by the MTA, with the Polish American Artist Society matching that contribution.^[45]

In July 2006, the MTA began work on an $13.9 million project to make the station compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. As part of the project, three elevators were installed in the station, one between each platform and the eastern mezzanine, and one from that mezzanine to the street. A ramp and cube-glass walls were installed in the passageway connecting the new elevator and the mezzanine. Other improvements that were part of the project included the addition of station agent booths that catered to wheelchair users, as well as new railings, station signs, station payphones, tactile yellow strips along the platforms, and platform fillings to reduce gaps between trains and platforms. The elevator installation was completed in July 2008.^[46]

Mezzanines

This station is unusual in that its mezzanine is split in two halves: one to the northwest of Union Turnpike, and one to the southeast. This is because Union Turnpike and the Jackie Robinson Parkway cross under Queens Boulevard at this location, but over the Queens Boulevard Line tracks. The mezzanine and the Union Turnpike underpass are on the same level, and Union Turnpike splits the mezzanine in half, with no connection between the two halves outside of fare control.^[57] Each mezzanine has three staircases leading to each platform.^[57] The eastern (railroad north) half of the mezzanine contains the station's full-time token booth.^[57] However, the western (railroad south) half, which serves riders of the heavily used Q46 bus line that runs along Union Turnpike,^[8] had its token booth closed and removed. A piece of artwork, Underground Skies-Cloud Forest, that was designed by artist Krystyna Spisak-Madejczyk was installed in this half of the station mezzanine. This was a project of the Polish American Artist Society, and it was sponsored by the MTA Arts for Transit/Creative Stations Program.^[45]

The intersection of Union Turnpike and Queens Boulevard was grade-separated in conjunction with the construction of the subway station. This project cost $250,000.^[58][59] The construction of the underpass with a subway station underneath was a massive undertaking. Three levels were required in order for the underpass and the subway station to be built. The upper level that was built was Queens Boulevard, which carries traffic east and west. The second level is an underpass that carries four lanes of Union Turnpike (and now also the Jackie Robinson Parkway) under the Boulevard. The underpass is in between the two mezzanines and it would rest atop the roof of the subway station platform.^[60]

Track layout

A signal and switch tower is located at the north end of the northbound platform.^[47][66]

There are two diamond crossovers near this station: one is located at the eastern end, for eastbound trains, and the other is located at the western end, for westbound trains. Each switch allow trains to cross-over between the local and express tracks in the same direction.^[47]

East of the station there is a flying junction that connects to the Jamaica Yard via a wye that curves east from the yard towards Briarwood. A second side of the wye curves west to become a lower level of the subway just west of the station.^[47][67] The yard itself is situated just north of the station in the southern portion of Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, between the Grand Central Parkway and the Van Wyck Expressway.^[28][8]