Khorasani_Turkic_language

Khorasani Turkic

Khorasani Turkic

Oghuz Turkic language spoken in Iran


Khorasani Turkic or Khorasani Turkish is an Oghuz Turkic language spoken in the North Khorasan Province and the Razavi Khorasan Province in Iran. Nearly all Khorasani Turkic speakers are also bilingual in Persian.[1]

Quick Facts Native to, Region ...

Geographic distribution

Khorasani Turkic is spoken in the Iranian provinces of North Khorasan near Bojnord and Razavi Khorasan near Sabzevar, Quchan. The Oghuz dialect spoken in Western Uzbekistan is sometimes considered a dialect of Khorasani Turkic.[citation needed]

Dialects

Khorasani Turkic is split into North, South and West dialects. The northern dialect is spoken in North Khorasan near Quchan; the southern in Soltanabad, near Sabzevar; the western, around Bojnord.

Khorasani Turkic belongs to the Oghuz group of Turkic languages, which also includes Turkish, Azerbaijani, Gagauz, Balkan Gagauz, Qashqai, Turkmen and Salar.

Khorasani Turkic was first classified as a separate dialect by Iranian Azerbaijani linguist Javad Heyat in the book Tārikh-e zabān o lahcayā-ye Türki (History of the Turkic dialects).[3] According to some linguists, it should be considered intermediate linguistically between Azerbaijani and Turkmen, although it is sufficiently distinct not to be considered a dialect of either.[3] It is considered by Turkic scholars to be most closely related to the other Oghuz varieties spoken in Iran, and a close relationship with Turkmen has been disputed on the basis of the comparisons of the core set of agglutinating morphemes.[4]

Doerfer and Hesche classify Khorasani Turkic into different branches within the Oghuz languages.[5]

Oghuz
Central Oghuz

Southeastern Khorasani Turkish

Southern Oghuz

Northwestern Khorasani Turkish

Southwestern Khorasani Turkish

Eastern Oghuz

Northern Khorasani Turkish

Northeastern Khorasani Turkish

According to Robert Lindsay, Khorasani Turkic has four branches:[6]

Khorasani Turkic

Northwest Khorasani Turkic (Bojnurd (ru))

North-Northeast-Langar Khorasani Turkic

Southern Khorasani Turkic

Afshar

Glottolog lists seven distinct dialects:[7]

Khorasan Turkic

Langar

Northeast Khorasan Turkic

North Khorasan Turkic

Northwest Khorasan Turkic

Southeast Khorasan Turkic

South Khorasan Turkic

West Quchani

Phonology

Consonants

More information Labial, Alveolar ...

Vowels

More information Front, Back ...

The open back vowel is rounded when followed by /u/ or /i/: muxabbat love /muxɒbbɑt/, insan human /insɒn/, but yoldaşlık friendship /joldɑʃlɯk/. It can also be rounded by a following long /o/. This may not happen for all speakers, and plurals never have any rounding.

Morphology

Nouns

Pluralization

Pluralization is marked on nouns with the suffix /-lar/, which has the two forms /-lar/ and /-lær/, depending on vowel harmony. Plural /ɑ/ is never rounded, even when it follows /u/ or /i/.

Case

Nouns in Khorasani Turkic take a number of case endings that change based on vowel harmony and whether they follow a vowel or a consonant:

More information After Vowels, After Consonants ...

Possession

Possession is marked with a suffix on the possessed noun.

More information Singular, Plural ...

Pronouns

Khorasani Turkic has six personal pronouns. Occasionally, personal pronouns take different case endings from regular nouns.

More information Singular, Plural ...

Verbs

Verbs are declined for tense, aspect, mood, person, and number. The infinitive form of the verb ends in -max.

Examples

Excerpt from Tulu (1989) p. 90
More information Translation, IPA ...

Writing system

Khorasani Turkic is not often written, but it may be with the Persian alphabet in the Perso-Arabic script.[8]

More information Letter, Romanization ...

See also


References

  1. Khorasani Turkic at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  2. Sultan Tulu (1994). "Horasan Türkçesi ne İlgili Folklor Çalışmaları". Journal of Turkish Research Institute (in Turkish). 1: 48–51. ISSN 1300-9052. Wikidata Q122840179.
  3. Christiane Bulut (4 November 2021), Turkic Languages of Iran, pp. 287–302, doi:10.4324/9781003243809-19, Wikidata Q122750094
  4. Doerfer, Gerhard; Hesche, Wolfram (1993). Chorasantürkisch: Wörterlisten, Kurzgrammatiken, Indices. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 3-447-03320-7.
  5. Lindsay, Robert. Mutual Intelligibility Among the Turkic Languages. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  6. "Glottolog 4.8 - Khorasan Turkic". glottolog.org. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
Bibliography
  • Tulu, Sultan (1989). Chorasantürkische Materialien aus Kalāt bei Esfarāyen (in German). Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag. ISBN 3-922968-88-0.
  • Doerfer, Gerhard; Hesche, Wolfram (1993). Chorasantürkisch: Wörterlisten, Kurzgrammatiken, Indices. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 3-447-03320-7.

Additional resources


Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Khorasani_Turkic_language, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.