King_of_Hanover
King of Hanover
Head of state and hereditary ruler of the Kingdom of Hanover
The King of Hanover (German: König von Hannover) was the official title of the head of state and hereditary ruler of the Kingdom of Hanover, beginning with the proclamation of King George III of the United Kingdom, as "King of Hanover" during the Congress of Vienna, on 12 October 1814 at Vienna, and ending with the kingdom's annexation by Prussia on 20 September 1866.
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| King of Hanover | |
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 Coat of arms | |
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| Details | |
| Style | His Majesty |
| First monarch | George III |
| Last monarch | George V |
| Formation | 12 October 1814 |
| Abolition | 20 September 1866 |
| Appointer | Hereditary |
| Pretender(s) | Prince Ernst August |
King George III had ruled the Electorate of Hanover, with the title of Prince-elector, until Hanover was conquered by Napoleon in 1807. In 1813 George was restored to his Hanoverian territories, and in October 1814 they were constituted as the independent Kingdom of Hanover at the Congress of Vienna.
The personal union with the United Kingdom ended in 1837 on the accession of Queen Victoria because the succession laws in Hanover, based on Salic law, prevented a female inheriting the title if there was any surviving male heir (in the United Kingdom, a male took precedence only over his sisters).
Ernest Augustus was appointed as the first Elector of Hanover in 1692, but he died in 1698 before the Imperial Diet confirmed the elevation of Hanover to the status of an Electorate in 1708. His widow, Sophia of Hanover, was still known as Electress of Hanover. Their son was George I.
| Image | Name | Reign | Succession | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| George I Louis | 1708–1727 | Son of Ernest Augustus. | Became King of Great Britain in 1714. Acquired Bremen-Verden in 1719. | |
| George II Augustus | 1727–1760 | Son of George I. | Acquired Land Hadeln in 1731. | |
| George III William Frederick | 1760–1806 | Grandson of George II. | Became King of the United Kingdom (by way of the act of union with Ireland) in 1801. Acquired the Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück in 1803. He lost (early 1801), regained (April 1801), lost again (May 1803), regained again (Autumn 1805), lost for a third time (early 1806), and regained for a third time (October 1813) de facto power in Hanover by various occupations and annexations during the Great French War (1801–1813). After the electoral title became defunct, with the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, nonetheless between 1806 and 1814, the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire was not recognised and George III retained the electoral title until early 1814 when George was proclaimed King of Hanover, a title which was universally recognised during the Congress of Vienna (1814–15). |
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| Monarch | Consort | Reign | Royal House | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Portrait | Name | Portrait | Name | Reign start | Reign end | |
| 1 | King George III (1738–1820) German: König Georg III |
Queen Charlotte (1744–1818) German: Königin Charlotte |
12 October 1814 |
29 January 1820 | Hanover | ||
| 2 | King George IV (1762–1830) German: König Georg IV |
Queen Caroline (1768–1821) German: Königin Caroline |
29 January 1820 | 26 June 1830 | Hanover | ||
| 3 | King William IV (1765–1837) German: König Wilhelm IV |
Queen Adelaide (1792–1849) German: Königin Adelaide |
26 June 1830 | 20 June 1837 | Hanover | ||
| 4 | King Ernest Augustus (1771–1851) German: König Ernst August |
Queen Frederica (1778–1841) |
20 June 1837 | 18 November 1851 | Hanover | ||
| 5 | King George V (1819–1878) German: König Georg V |
Queen Marie (1818–1907) |
18 November 1851 | 20 September 1866 | Hanover | ||
After the personal union with Great Britain ended in 1837, the monarchs of Hanover kept the British royal arms and standard, only introducing a new Crown (after the British model).
- Royal Standard of Hanover
- Arms of the House of Hanover
- Arms of the Hanoverian Kings of the United Kingdom (1714–1801)
- Arms of the Hanoverian Kings of the United Kingdom (1816–1837)
- Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Hanover 1837
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- Hanoverian prince
- House of Hanover
- Kingdom of Hanover
- Personal union of Great Britain and Hanover
- German Chancery