Kingdom of Rwanda

The Kingdom of Rwanda was a kingdom in East Africa which grew to be ruled by a Tutsi monarchy.[1] It was one of the oldest and the most centralized kingdom in the Central and East Africa region.[2] It was later annexed under German and Belgian colonial rule while retaining some of its autonomy. The Tutsi monarchy was abolished in 1961 after ethnic violence erupted between the Hutu and the Tutsi during the Rwandan Revolution which started in 1959.[3] After a 1961 referendum, Rwanda became a Hutu-dominated republic and received its independence from Belgium in 1962.[4]

Kingdom of Rwanda Ubwami bw'u Rwanda (Kinyarwanda) Koninkrijk Roeanda (Dutch) Royaume du Rwanda (French) Königreich Ruanda (German)
c. 15th century–1961
Coat of arms
Status	Independent state (15th century–1897) Part of German East Africa (1897-1916) Part of Ruanda-Urundi (1922-1961)
Capital	Nyanza
Common languages	Kinyarwanda, French, German (official from 1897-1916), Dutch (official from 1922-1961)
Government	Absolute monarchy
Mwami
• Unknown	Gihanga (1st Dyn.) (first)
• 1959–1961	Kigeli V (3rd Dyn.) (last)
History
• Established	15th century c. 15th century
• Republic declared	1 July 1961
Succeeded by Rwanda
Today part of	Rwanda

Part of a series on the
History of Rwanda
Kingdom  ?–1962 German East Africa 1885–1919 Rumanura famine 1916–1918 Belgian mandate (Ruanda-Urundi) 1922–1962 Revolution 1959–1962 Republic of Rwanda 1962–present 1973 coup d'état Civil War 1990–1994 Genocide 1993–1994 First Congo War 1996–1997 Second Congo War 1998–2003 COVID-19 pandemic 2020–present
v t e

After the revolution, the last ruling monarch, Kigeli V, was exiled and he eventually settled in the United States. A court in exile has been maintained outside Rwanda ever since the abolition of the monarchy. As of 9 January 2017, the current proclaimed King of Rwanda is Yuhi VI.[5]