Kohistani_language

Indus Kohistani

Indus Kohistani

Indo-Aryan language spoken in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

"Kohistani language" redirects here. Not to be confused with the Shina Kohistani language.

Indus Kohistani or simply Kohistani (کوستَیں ژباں, Kōstaiñ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the former Kohistan District of Pakistan.[3] The language was referred to as Maiyã (Mayon) or Shuthun by early researchers, but subsequent observations have not verified that these names are known locally.[4]

Quick Facts Kohistani (Indus Kohistani), Region ...

Phonology

The phonology of Indus Kohistani varies between its major dialects as shown below.[5]

Vowels

More information Front, Central ...

In the Kanyawali dialect, the back vowels /u/ and /o/ are described as variants of each other, as are the front vowels /i/ and /e/.

Consonants

Kohistani is spoken in multiple districts of KPK in north as of the 2017 Pakistan Census

The consonant inventory of Indus Kohistani is shown in the chart below. (Consonants particular to the Kanyawali Dialect of Tangir and those found only in the Kohistan Dialects are color-coded respectively.)

More information Labial, Coronal ...

The phonemes /x/, /ɣ/, and /q/ are mainly found in loan words. The status of /q/ in the Kanyawali Dialect is unclear. The sounds /f, v/ can also be bilabial [ɸ, β].[6]

See also

References

  1. [1]
    Frembgen, Jurgen Wasin (1999). "Indus Kohistan An Historical and Ethnographie Outline". Central Asiatic Journal. 43 (1): 71. JSTOR 41928174.
  2. [2]
    Kohistani (Indus Kohistani) at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed access icon
  3. [3]
    Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George (2007-07-26). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge. p. 874. ISBN 978-1-135-79711-9.
  4. [4]
    Zoller 2005, p. 2.
  5. [5]
    Edelman 1983, pp. 246, 253.
  6. [6]
    Zoller 2005, p. 36.

Bibliography

  • Edelman, D. I. (1983). The Dardic and Nuristani Languages. Moscow: (Institut vostokovedenii︠a︡ (Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR).
  • Zoller, Claus Peter (2005). A grammar and dictionary of Indus Kohistani. Vol. 1: Dictionary. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-017947-7.
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