La vestale (The Vestal Virgin) is an opera composed by Gaspare Spontini to a French libretto by Étienne de Jouy. It takes the form of a tragédie lyrique in three acts. It was first performed on 15 December 1807 by the Académie Impériale de Musique (Paris Opera) at the Salle Montansier and is regarded as Spontini's masterpiece.^[1] The musical style shows the influence of Gluck and anticipates the works of Berlioz, Wagner, and French Grand opera.^[2]

Spontini had finished La vestale by the summer of 1805 but had faced opposition from leading members of the Opéra and rivalry from fellow composers.^[3] The premiere was made possible with the help of Spontini's patron, the Empress Joséphine, but only after being rearranged by Jean-Baptiste Rey and Louis-Luc Loiseau de Persuis.^[4] La vestale was an enormous success, enjoying over two hundred performances by 1830.^[5]

Its fame soon spread abroad; it appeared in Naples and in Vienna^[6] in 1811. The full piano score with lyrics in French and German was sold in Germany in 1812, as well as the score for an aria and a duet.^[7] In 1814 the opera was performed in Budapest.^[8] followed by Stockholm in 1823. It was premiered in the United States in French at Théâtre d'Orléans in New Orleans on 17 February 1828.^[9] Wagner conducted the work in Dresden in 1844 with Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient.^[10]

Important 20th-century revivals include those for Rosa Ponselle at the Met in 1925-26 and the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino in 1933, for Maria Caniglia in Rome, 1942,^[10] and the 1954 production at La Scala with Maria Callas in the title role, which was the first opera staging by the film director Luchino Visconti.^[11] There followed other revivals for leading sopranos; Leyla Gencer in Palermo, 1969 and Rome, 1973; Renata Scotto in Florence, 1970; Montserrat Caballé in Barcelona in 1982; and Raina Kabaivanska in Genoa in 1984. Muti reproduced the original version at La Scala in 1993, and English National Opera mounted the opera in London in 2002.^[10]

A very memorable performance, on a slippery stage, on the last night of the Wexford Opera Festival in 1979 is described by Bernard Levin.^[12]

La vestale is famous in historical terms but is only very infrequently performed. Two of its arias (translated to Italian and recorded by Maria Callas and Rosa Ponselle), "Tu che invoco" and "O nume tutelar",^[13] are better known than the work as a whole. In recognition of its role in the development of Richard Wagner's third opera, Rienzi, it was performed in concert form in Dresden's Semperoper in the Summer of 2013, conducted by Gabriele Ferro and starring Francisco Araiza as Cinna, Maria Agresta as Julia, and baritone Christopher Magiera as Licinius.

A parody was staged in Paris in 1808,^[14] set in a hatmaker's shop.

Place: Rome

About 269 BC

• Sung in Italian – Maria Vitale [it], Elena Nicolai, Renato Gavarini, Alfredo Fineschi, Giuliano Ferrein, Albino Gagi – Chorus and Orchestra della Rai di Roma, conducted by Fernando Previtali (Warner Fonit, 1951)^[17]
• Sung in Italian – Maria Callas, Ebe Stignani, Franco Corelli, Nicola Rossi-Lemeni, Enzo Sordello – Teatro alla Scala Chorus and Orchestra, Milano, conducted by Antonino Votto (Warner Classics, 1954)^[11]
• Sung in Italian – Leyla Gencer, Franca Mattiucci, Robleto Merolla, Teatro Massimo di Palermo orchestra and chorus conducted by Fernando Previtali (1969 various labels)^[10]
• Sung in French – Rosalind Plowright, Gisella Pasino, Francisco Araiza, Bavarian Radio Chorus, Munich Radio Orchestra, conducted by Gustav Kuhn (Orfeo, 1991)^[17]
• Sung in French – Karen Huffstodt, Denyce Graves, Anthony Michaels-Moore, Dimitri Kavrakos, Chorus and Orchestra of La Scala, conducted by Riccardo Muti (Sony, 1993)^[17]

• Witi Ihimaera's poem composed for the opening of the British Museum's 1998 Māori exhibit is titled "O nume tutelar", alluding to "O des infortunés déesse tutélaire" in act 2.^{[citation needed]}