1950s

Taylor played bass guitar in The Gamblers, one of the first rock groups to play instrumental surf music. Its personnel also included Elliot Ingber, a future member of Frank Zappa's Mothers of Invention, Fraternity of Man and Captain Beefheart's The Magic Band; Bruce Johnston, half of the Bruce and Terry duo with Terry Melcher from 1962–66 and longtime "sixth" member of The Beach Boys, for a time brother Mel Taylor, and guitarist-songwriter-bandleader Derry Weaver, who would record and perform in several capacities during the early 1960s. The Gamblers had a local hit in the Los Angeles area with "Moon Dawg" and Taylor played on the recording.

1960s

Taylor played bass for Jerry Lee Lewis in 1961:

Some girl came into the Sea Witch (club) and told me that Jerry Lee Lewis was playing down the street at Jimmy Maddin’s Sundown Club on Sunset. She knew Jerry Lee somehow and told me he was looking for a bass player. She set up the introduction. I had to put on a suit to look presentable which at the time meant you had to wear a suit. We met. He hired me and I ended up going on the road with Jerry Lee Lewis.^[2]

Taylor played bass on the majority of the albums, produced by The Monkees including; The Monkees (1966), More of the Monkees (1967), The Monkees Present (1969), Instant Replay (1969), and Changes (1970). He would play bass on their hit Last Train to Clarksville.

Taylor was asked to join Canned Heat in 1967 after receiving a phone call from member Henry Vestine to join on bass.^[2] Taylor played with Canned Heat from 1967 to 1970, and appeared with them at various festivals including the Monterey International Pop Festival and Woodstock.^[4]

The bands manager, Skip Taylor, gave each member of the band a nickname connected to an animal. His band nickname was "The Mole." In addition to playing bass, he also played lead guitar on occasion. An example can be heard on the track "Down in the Gutter, But Free", on the album Hallelujah.

1970s

In 1970, when John Mayall moved to Los Angeles, Taylor and Mandel quit Canned Heat to join him in the Bluesbreakers. Taylor served the longest tenure as a member of the Bluesbreakers in the 1970s (1970–1977). After the Bluesbreakers tours in 1977, Taylor played briefly with the Sugarcane Harris Band (later called Pure Food and Drug Act).

In 1972, Larry joined his brother Mel's band to play on the Ventures album Rock and Roll Forever.^[5] Canned Heat member Harvey "The Snake" Mandel also played on the album.

In 1974, Taylor became part of The Hollywood Fats Band led by Mike "Hollywood Fats" Mann. The pair joined Canned Heat for a King Biscuit Flower Hour concert in 1979. The bands history started around 1973/1974 when Hollywood Fats met Al Blake, Fred Kaplan, Jerry Smith and George "Harmonica" Smith, who were the touring members for Muddy Waters at the time. Fats was invited to be Water's sideman. Fats soon invited Taylor to replace Smith, and the band started touring as "The Hollywood Fats band".^[6][2][7] It was the first professional band Taylor played upright bass in. Taylor and Fats also returned to Canned Heat for two years (1978-1980). The Hollywood Fats band ended when Fats died tragically of a heart attack in 1986, aged 32.

When he left John Mayall in 1977, Taylor started studying playing upright bass.^[2] Taylor became a leading exponent and practitioner of the acoustic upright bass in the contemporary blues scene. He was quite prominently seen with his upright bass in the live blues film, Lightning in a Bottle. He started playing upright bass with Rod Piazza, eventually cutting ties with him when Honey Piazza started getting involved as he thought that "she couldn't play" and "she was horrible".^[2]

1980s–2010s

Taylor returned to Canned Heat again for five years in 1987. Taylor recorded Reheated in 1988, again with Canned Heat. He also briefly toured with them again from 1996 to 1997.

In 2002, the surviving members of the Hollywood Fats band reformed. Not wanting to be a Ghost band, they changed the name to "Hollywood Blue Flames".^[6]

In 2010, Taylor and Harvey "The Snake" Mandel reunited with Adolfo "Fito" de la Parra and the rest of the current Canned Heat line-up to perform certain shows. Taylor, Mandel and de la Parra were all in the line-up that played Woodstock. The three members of Canned Heat's Woodstock line-up toured extensively from 2010 to 2014.

He was featured in a concert DVD released in winter 2013, from the album Time Brings About A Change by Floyd Dixon. This concert features three elder piano players – Dixon, Pinetop Perkins and Henry Gray — and was filmed at the Rhythm Room in Phoenix, Arizona on 1 and 2 June 2006.

Taylor played on numerous Tom Waits albums and was the bass player in his touring band.^[8] He appeared with Waits on Late Night with Conan O'Brien, The Tonight Show, Late Show with David Letterman (in 2012) and a show hosted by Jon Stewart.^[2] He played on ten of Waits' studio albums released between 1980 and 2011.

In 2014, Taylor was nominated for a Blues Music Award in the 'Best Instrumentalist – Bass' category.^[9]