Laura_Marano

Laura Marano

Laura Marano

American actress and singer


Laura Marie Marano[1] (born November 29, 1995)[2] is an American actress and singer. She is known for her role in the Disney Channel series Austin & Ally[3][4] as Ally Dawson. Marano was one of the five original classmates in Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader?. She starred in Without a Trace for three seasons and Back to You. Marano starred in the indie film A Sort of Homecoming,[5] the Disney Channel Original Movie Bad Hair Day,[6] the fifth installment of the A Cinderella Story film series A Cinderella Story: Christmas Wish, the Netflix original movie The Perfect Date, and the Netflix interactive romcom Choose Love.

Quick Facts Born, Occupations ...

In 2015, she signed with Big Machine Records and released her debut single "Boombox" on March 11, 2016, and "La La" later that year. On October 5, 2018, Laura Marano released the single "Me" as an independent artist.

Early life

Marano was born in Los Angeles, California. She is the younger daughter of college professor Damiano Marano and former actress Ellen Marano, who owns the Agoura Children's Theatre.[7][8] Her father is of Italian descent.[9] Marano was first introduced to acting at her mother's theatre. At age five, Marano began expressing interest in acting professionally to her parents along with her older sister Vanessa, who is also an actress.[7] Marano began learning to play the piano, at age nine. [10]

Marano attended traditional school while she worked, even when she booked a full-time job on Austin & Ally, instead of doing school on set. "I go to an actual high school and my friends and everybody there have been so supportive," said Marano. "It's nice when I'm not working to go to that school and be surrounded by really supportive friends."[11] In 2015 Marano enrolled at the University of Southern California majoring in Philosophy, Politics and Law.[12]

Career

2003–2010: Without a Trace and Back to You

Marano's first acting role was when she was five years old.[13] Since then, she worked for multiple productions at the Stage Door Theater. She has appeared in numerous commercials and had small roles on Ghost Whisperer, Medical Investigation, Huff and Joan of Arcadia. Her bigger roles in television have been in Without a Trace and other shows. She played the child role of Keira Knightley's character in the film The Jacket and had a small flashback role in the film Superbad. She was a regular cast member on the Fox game show, Are You Smarter than a 5th Grader? and played the role of Gracie Carr on FOX's sitcom Back to You. Marano has since appeared in several episodes of The Sarah Silverman Program. Initially she was cast in the pilot episode, "Batteries", as the child version of Sarah Silverman, and the writers liked her so much they brought her back for a larger role as a girl Sarah coaches to win a beauty pageant ("Not Without My Daughter"). On the DVD commentary track, co-star Brian Posehn notes that Marano knew everyone else's lines better than they did. She also appeared in Dexter as the child version of Debra Morgan, and in Heroes as Alice Shaw, the child version of Diana Scarwid's character.

2011–2016: Austin & Ally and radio

In 2011, Marano began playing Ally Dawson on the Disney Channel series Austin & Ally.[14][15] In 2013, Marano recorded four solo songs and one duet with Ross Lynch for the soundtrack album Austin & Ally: Turn It Up.[16] "Me and You" debuted within the U.S. Billboard Kid Digital Songs chart at number thirteen before rising to the sixth spot, spending eleven weeks on the chart.[17] "Redial" debuted at number nineteen before peaking at number eighteen, spending four weeks on the chart.[17] Also in 2013, Marano recorded a duet with her Austin & Ally co-star Ross Lynch entitled "I Love Christmas" for Disney Channel's third holiday compilation album, Holidays Unwrapped.[18] On November 25, 2013, the song was released as a promotional single.[18] On December 14, "I Love Christmas" debuted within the U.S. Billboard Holiday Digital Songs chart peaking at number fifty.[19]

In 2014, Marano voiced Rachel in four episodes of Randy Cunningham: 9th Grade Ninja. She also appeared as Hammu in Fish Hooks and as Fangs in Liv and Maddie. Also in 2014, she appeared in a music video produced for British pop-rock group The Vamps and American singer Demi Lovato called "Somebody to You".[20] In March 2015, Marano stated that she had signed a record deal with Universal's Big Machine Records.[21] In the same year, Marano starred in Disney Channel's Original Movie, Bad Hair Day. The film was first released on February 6, 2015, on Disney Channel and had its premiere broadcast in the US on February 13.[22][23] She also starred as the young version of Amy in A Sort of Homecoming, which tells the story of a girl who returns to her home town in Louisiana from her career in New York City.[24] On January 10, 2016, Austin and Ally ended after four seasons.[25]

On January 13, 2016, Marano debuted her own radio talk show on Radio Disney entitled For the Record with Laura Marano. The weekly one-hour show chronicled Marano's journey as she launched her music career, featuring interviews with a guest star in each episode. The show also provided listeners tips on how one can pursue a career in music.[26] The show featured various guest stars including Nick Jonas, Ariana Grande, Meghan Trainor, OneRepublic, Troye Sivan and Zendaya. The first episode of the show, which aired January 12, 2016, guest starred her co-stars of Austin & Ally.

2016–present: Films and music

On March 11, 2016, Marano released her debut single called "Boombox". The music video for the single released on April 4, 2016, and accumulated over 6 million views in a week. The video currently holds over 60 million views. It guest stars actor and comedian Ken Jeong, along with his daughter Zooey, and was directed by Cole Walliser. On April 30, 2016, Marano performed the single at the 2016 Radio Disney Music Awards, which aired on Disney Channel on May 1. Marano also performed the song on Today as Elvis Duran's Artist of the Month on May 31, 2016. Marano released her second single, "La La", on August 25, 2016.[27] At the end of 2016, Big Machine Records made the decision to drop all of their pop artists, except for Taylor Swift.[28] On May 18, 2017, it was announced that Marano had signed to Warner Bros. Records in 2017.[29] In 2018, they parted ways, because the people who had signed her left Warner Bros.[30]

On October 1, 2018, Marano announced in a Q&A video posted on her YouTube channel that she would be releasing new music as an independent artist. She named her own label Flip Phone Records, as Marano is known for still using a flip phone.[31] On October 5, 2018, she released the single "Me" .[32] In January 2019, she released the single "Let Me Cry" along with its music video. In February 2019, Marano performed at the Roxy Theatre in Los Angeles and released the single "F.E.O.U.". On March 8, 2019, she released her debut EP, Me, featuring two unheard tracks and a new remix to "F.E.O.U.".[33]

On April 12, 2019, Marano released "A Little Closer", as part of the soundtrack of the Netflix original movie "The Perfect Date", which also sees Marano playing the role of Celia. In June 2019, the Lie To Me music video came out, followed by the F.E.O.U. music video in October of the same year. On November 22, 2019, Marano released both "Me and the Mistletoe" featuring Kurt Hugo Schneider, her first original Christmas single, and the soundtrack of "A Cinderella Story: Christmas Wish", which Marano stars in the movie.

On April 10, 2020, Marano released the single "When You Wake Up", followed by "Can't Hold On Forever" in May of the same year. In June 2020, Marano released the remixes to these past two singles, respectively featuring Mark Diamond and PLTO. In August 2020, the singer released a new single, titled "Honest With You", and during the same month, it was announced that her sophomore EP, titled You, would be coming out in fall of the same year, aiming for an October release. On September 18, 2020, the singer released a fourth single, "Can't Help Myself", along with the announcement of the release date of the EP, "YOU".[34][35] On September 21, the singer announced her first virtual tour, The YOU Tour, which would take place during the month of October, with four unique live-stream shows every week, from October 3 to 24, with each concert being unique and with a different formulation.[36] On January 22, 2021, the singer released the acoustic version of the single Something To Believe In, whereas the music video was released on February 19, 2021.[37][38] On March 12, the remix of the single was released in collaboration with DJ AFSHEEN.[39] On April 16, the remix of the single, Honest With You, with the Malaysian singer Alextbh, was released.[40] On May 21, the remix of Can't Help Myself was released, featuring Jean Deaux and produced by Poe Leos and on the same day, the deluxe version of the EP, YOU, was announced.

On September 24, 2021, the singer released the single I Wanna Know What It's Like.[41] On December 31, 2021, the single Dance With You was released, featuring the electronic duo Grey, whereas on January 20, 2022, the single "Worst Kind of Hurt", with singer-songwriter Wrabel was released. Both songs are part of the soundtrack of the Netflix rom-com, The Royal Treatment, in which Marano also stars, released in January 2022. In February, a live performance of Worst Kind Of Hurt featuring Wrabel was released on Marano's YouTube channel, whereas the music video for Dance With You was released in March.[42][43] Moreover, Marano and Michael Trewartha from Grey performed the song on The Kelly Clarkson Show during the same month.[44] In March 2022, the singer announced her first national concert tour, The Us Tour, set for summer 2022 and counting of 22 dates across the United States.[45] On tour Marano performed several tracks on piano and with her band, which consisted of Mark Diamond on guitar and Ross Hodgkinson on drums.[46]

Later that month, it was announced that Marano was to lead Netflix's interactive rom-com, Choose Love.[47]

On July 31, 2023, Marano announced I May Be An Actress, but I Can't Fake How I Feel, her debut studio album which was released on September 15, 2023.[48]

Philanthropy

In August 2013, Marano was named the 2013 UNICEF's Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF Ambassador, which encouraged children to raise money on Halloween to help children around the world. About the campaign, Laura said "I'm so excited to celebrate Halloween this year by encouraging kids to support UNICEF's lifesaving work. The Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF campaign is a fun, easy way for kids to learn about world issues and to help other kids who are less fortunate."[49] In August 2014, Marano was ambassador for the Disney and Birds Eye Vegetables campaign 'Step up to the plate'.[50] The campaign's goal is to encourage children in the United States to explore healthy foods such as vegetables. In April 2019, Laura Marano hosted a fashion show for Childhelp during National Child Abuse Prevention Month.[51]

Filmography

Film

More information Year, Title ...

Television

More information Year, Title ...

Radio

Discography

Studio albums

More information Title, Album details ...

Soundtrack albums

More information Title, Details ...

EPs

More information Title, Details ...

Singles

As lead artist

More information Title, Year ...
More information Title, Year ...

Promotional singles

More information Title, Year ...

Other charted songs

More information Title, Year ...

Other appearances

More information Title, Year ...

Music videos

More information Title, Year ...

Guest appearances

More information Title, Year ...

Concert tours

Headlining tours

  • The Us Tour (2022)

Concerts

  • Laura Marano at The Roxy (2019)[107]
  • The You Tour: A four-date live stream tour (2020)
  • Sundays with Laura and You: A seven-date live stream concert series (2021)
  • A Good Time with Laura Marano (2023)[108]

Awards and nominations

More information Year, Award ...

Notes

  1. "All I Want Is You" was released as a standalone single for the movie Choose Love.

References

  1. Tieck, Sarah (January 1, 2015). Laura Marano: Famous Actress & Singer: Famous Actress and Singer. ABDO. ISBN 978-1-62969-333-0.
  2. "Disney Channel Medianet – Laura Marano bio". Disney Channel. 2012. Archived from the original on July 28, 2013. Retrieved February 9, 2012. Born November 29, 1995, the younger of two siblings...
  3. Erin Hill (November 19, 2013). "'My Favorite Things' with Austin & Ally's Laura Marano". Parade. Archived from the original on June 28, 2018. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  4. "Exclusive: Disney's Laura Marano Shares Secrets!". Hollywood.com. Archived from the original on October 18, 2014. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
  5. Dave McNary (January 28, 2014). "Laura Marano Starring in 'A Sort of Homecoming' (Exclusive)". Variety. Archived from the original on January 30, 2014. Retrieved February 2, 2014.
  6. "'Bad Hair Day': Laura Marano, Leigh-Allyn Baker to Star in Disney Channel Original Movie". Variety. July 8, 2014. Archived from the original on July 16, 2014. Retrieved July 27, 2014.
  7. Jeffrey Dransfeldt (January 25, 2009). "Agoura Hills sisters are young stars on the rise". Ventura County Star. Archived from the original on November 8, 2013. Retrieved January 29, 2022.
  8. "About Us". Agoura Children's Theatre. Archived from the original on October 11, 2008.
  9. "Interview: Laura Marano". Tommy2.net. Archived from the original on November 25, 2013. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
  10. "EXCLUSIVE: Disney's Laura Marano Shares Secrets!". Hollywood.com. November 14, 2013. Retrieved October 23, 2022.
  11. "Laura Marano Goes To A Regular High School". Disney Dreaming. April 9, 2013. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
  12. "Disney Channel star balances school and singing". USC News. October 23, 2015. Retrieved November 27, 2020.
  13. "Vanessa & Laura Marano Interview – 2012 Teen Choice Awards". clevverTV. July 23, 2012. Archived from the original on March 1, 2014. Retrieved February 7, 2013 via YouTube.
  14. Ng, Philiana (March 11, 2012). "Disney Channel Renews 'Austin & Ally' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original on March 12, 2012. Retrieved January 29, 2022.
  15. "Austin & Ally: Turn It Up (Soundtrack from the TV Series)". Itunes. January 2013. Archived from the original on October 27, 2014. Retrieved October 2, 2014.
  16. "Artists / Laura Marano – Billboard Chart History". Billboard. Archived from the original on March 18, 2015. Retrieved October 2, 2014.
  17. "I Love Christmas – Single by Ross Lynch & Laura Marano". Zobbel. Archived from the original on June 16, 2014. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  18. "December 14, 2013 – Holiday Digital Songs". Billboard. September 8, 2012. Archived from the original on November 26, 2015. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
  19. "The Vamps on casting Laura Marano in their 'Somebody To You' music video: Pressparty". Pressparty. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved January 11, 2015.
  20. Liz Isenberg (March 29, 2015). "Kids' Choice Awards 2015: Iggy Azalea Begged Producers to Get Slimed". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on March 30, 2015. Retrieved January 29, 2022.
  21. "Bad Hair Day (Trailer)". Family Channel. February 19, 2015. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016. Retrieved February 22, 2015 via YouTube.
  22. "April 2015 – A-Z Movies" (PDF). Foxtel. Australia. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
  23. "2015 Announcing Best Actor and Actress Nominations for WorldFest-Houston 48th". robly.com. Archived from the original on May 31, 2015. Retrieved April 15, 2015.
  24. Elizabeth Wagmeister (January 8, 2016). "Disney's Austin & Ally Creators Talk Series Finale, Favorite Cast Memories". Variety. Archived from the original on January 9, 2016. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
  25. Laura Marano [@lauramarano] (August 13, 2016). "Laura Marano La La 8.25.16" (Tweet) via Twitter.
  26. "'American Idol' Winner Nick Fradiani, Big Machine Records Part Ways". Billboard.com. January 12, 2017. Archived from the original on January 31, 2017. Retrieved January 29, 2022.
  27. "Laura Marano Signs to Warner Bros Records". Billboard. Archived from the original on July 9, 2019. Retrieved January 29, 2022.
  28. "Laura Marano Q&A | Where have I been? New Music? Life Update!". YouTube. October 1, 2018. Archived from the original on October 2, 2018. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
  29. "'Boombox' Singer Laura Marano Reveals Why She Still Uses a Flip Phone". PEOPLE.com. Archived from the original on October 6, 2018. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
  30. Marano, Laura [@lauramarano] (October 2, 2018). "Me. Out October 5th 😩🙌💁🏻♀️ https://t.co/mFZJH0T4Eg" (Tweet). Archived from the original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved March 3, 2021 via Twitter.
  31. "Laura Marano". Bandsintown. Retrieved March 21, 2022.
  32. "Netflix Sets Interactive Romantic Comedy 'Choose Love,' Laura Marano to Lead". The Hollywood Reporter. March 30, 2022. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
  33. "Disney Channel Star Laura Marano Named 2013 Trick-or-Treat for UNICEF Ambassador". Looktothestars.org. August 19, 2013. Archived from the original on November 16, 2013. Retrieved August 26, 2013.
  34. "Laura Marano, from Disney's Austin and Ally, Steps Up to the Plate!". WTSP 10 News. August 27, 2014. Archived from the original on August 29, 2014. Retrieved January 11, 2015.
  35. "Laura Marano co-hosts Childhelp fashion show during National Child Abuse Prevention Month". Raising Arizona Kids Magazine. April 16, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2020.
  36. "Austin & Ally Show Bios". Disney Channel Press. Archived from the original on February 20, 2016. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
  37. Stephanie Osmanski (May 7, 2014). "13 More Stars You Had No Idea Voiced These Animated Characters!". M Magazine. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
  38. Houseman, Molly (February 27, 2021). "Dunedin streets to be closed for filming". Otago Daily Times. Retrieved February 27, 2021. Filming also took place in Dunedin at Larnach Castle on Thursday.
  39. Otterson, Joe (March 30, 2022). "Netflix Orders Interactive Rom-Com 'Choose Love' From Josann McGibbon". Variety. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
  40. Sara Bibel (January 7, 2015). "Original Movie 'Bad Hair Day' Starring Laura Marano & Leigh-Allyn Baker to Premiere Friday, February 13 on Disney Channel" (Press release). Disney Channel. Archived from the original on January 7, 2015. Retrieved January 7, 2015 via TV by the Numbers.
  41. Antoine Delplanque (February 5, 2016). "Mère et fille, California Dream : la fiction avec Lubna Gourion (Plus belle la vie) et Laura Marano (Austin & Ally)". Toutelatele (in French). Archived from the original on August 14, 2016. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
  42. "YEAY: Laura Marano Announces 'For the Record' Radio Disney Show". J-14. January 5, 2016. Archived from the original on November 20, 2016. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
  43. List of Lynch's albums and singles on Billboard:
  44. "ME". Apple Music. March 8, 2019.
  45. "Us". Apple Music. July 8, 2022.
  46. "NZ Hot Singles Chart". Recorded Music NZ. January 10, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
  47. "Boombox – Single by Laura Marano". iTunes. March 11, 2016. Archived from the original on November 24, 2018. Retrieved November 23, 2018.
  48. "La La – Single by Laura Marano". iTunes. August 25, 2016. Archived from the original on November 20, 2016. Retrieved November 19, 2016.
  49. "Me – Single by Laura Marano". iTunes. October 5, 2018. Archived from the original on November 24, 2018. Retrieved November 23, 2018.
  50. "Let Me Cry – Single by Laura Marano". iTunes. January 11, 2019. Archived from the original on March 2, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
  51. "F.E.O.U. - Single by Laura Marano". iTunes. February 15, 2019. Archived from the original on March 2, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
  52. "Not Like Me by Laura Marano". itunes.apple.com. March 8, 2019.
  53. "A Little Closer by Laura Marano". itunes.apple.com. April 12, 2019. Archived from the original on July 13, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2019.
  54. "Lie to Me by Laura Marano". itunes.apple.com. March 8, 2019.
  55. "Me and the Mistletoe (feat. Kurt Hugo Schneider) by Laura Marano". itunes.apple.com. Archived from the original on July 13, 2019. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
  56. "Something To Believe In by Laura Marano". itunes.apple.com. January 22, 2021.
  57. "Weekend (feat. Laura Marano) – Single by BoTalks". iTunes. March 30, 2018. Archived from the original on October 3, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  58. "Laura Marano – Words". Discogs. Archived from the original on June 23, 2015. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
  59. "I Love Christmas Chart History". Billboard. December 13, 2013.
  60. "Me and You Chart History". Billboard. March 7, 2014.
  61. "Parachute Chart History". Billboard. October 31, 2014.
  62. "Redial Chart History". Billboard. January 24, 2014.[dead link]
  63. "You Can Come To Me Chart History". Billboard. February 28, 2014.[dead link]
  64. "Laura Marano- Words (Official Music Video)". Archived from the original on April 16, 2016 via YouTube.
  65. "Laura Marano - Boombox". Archived from the original on April 6, 2016 via YouTube.
  66. "Miraculous Ladybug | Laura Marano's Theme Song Music Video | Nick". July 23, 2013. Archived from the original on October 31, 2016. Retrieved November 6, 2016 via YouTube.
  67. "Laura Marano - Me (Official Music Video)". Archived from the original on October 9, 2018. Retrieved October 20, 2018 via YouTube.
  68. "Laura Marano - Let Me Cry (Official Music Video)". Archived from the original on January 23, 2019 via YouTube.
  69. "Laura Marano - F.E.O.U. (Official Music Video) [Explicit]". Archived from the original on December 15, 2021 via YouTube.
  70. "Laura Marano - Me and the Mistletoe (Official Music Video)". Archived from the original on December 15, 2021 via YouTube.
  71. "Laura Marano - Something To Believe In (Official Music Video)". Archived from the original on December 15, 2021 via YouTube.
  72. "Laura Marano, Alextbh – Honest With You (Official Music Video)". Archived from the original on December 15, 2021 via YouTube.
  73. "Disney Channel Heads to the Beach with the World Premiere of 'Heard It On the Radio' Music Video, Friday, July 13" (Press release). Disney Channel. July 12, 2012. Archived from the original on July 17, 2012. Retrieved July 13, 2012 via TV By The Numbers.
  74. "The Vamps – Somebody To You ft. Demi Lovato". Archived from the original on April 22, 2015 via YouTube.
  75. "Freya Vs. Ravenna Princess Rap Battle". Archived from the original on June 19, 2016 via YouTube.
  76. Philiana Ng (June 17, 2014). "Teen Choice Awards Nominees: Selena Gomez, Austin Mahone and More". Hollywood Life. Archived from the original on June 19, 2014. Retrieved June 17, 2014.
  77. Rebecca Macatee (February 20, 2015). "2015 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards Honor Nick Jones, Meryl Streep: See the Complete List of Nominees!". E! Online. Archived from the original on November 16, 2016. Retrieved August 6, 2015.
  78. "Wave 2 Nominees!". Teen Choice Awards. July 7, 2015. Archived from the original on April 11, 2016. Retrieved August 6, 2015.
  79. Rebecca Macatee (February 20, 2015). "Kids' Choice Awards 2016 Nominations are in: Jennifer Lawrence, Chris Pratt, Anna Kendrick & More Favorites Named". E! Online. Archived from the original on March 6, 2017. Retrieved August 6, 2015.
  80. "The 2017 Detroit Film Critics Society Awards". Detroit Film Critics Society. Archived from the original on December 7, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  81. "2017 San Diego Film Critics Society's Award Nominations". San Diego Film Critics Society. December 9, 2017. Archived from the original on December 10, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  82. "2017 San Diego Film Critics Society Award Winners". San Diego Film Critics Society. December 11, 2017. Archived from the original on December 12, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  83. "2017 FFCC Winners". Florida Film Critics Circle. Archived from the original on December 24, 2017. Retrieved December 23, 2017.
  84. Neglia, Matt (December 17, 2017). "The 2017 Online Film Critics Society (OFCS) Nominations". NextBigPicture. Archived from the original on December 22, 2017. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
  85. Hammond, Pete (December 6, 2017). "Critics' Choice Awards Nominations: 'The Shape Of Water' Leads With 14; Netflix Tops TV Contenders". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on December 6, 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
  86. "2017 Awards". Georgia Film Critics Association. January 8, 2018. Archived from the original on January 9, 2018. Retrieved January 8, 2018.
  87. Moreau, Jordan (June 19, 2019). "'Avengers: Endgame', 'Riverdale', 'Aladdin', Top 2019 Teen Choice Awards Nominations". Variety. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved June 23, 2019.

Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article Laura_Marano, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.