Lens,_Pas-de-Calais
Lens (French pronunciation: [lɑ̃s] ⓘ; Picard: Linse) is a city in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France.[3] It is one of the main towns of Hauts-de-France along with Lille, Valenciennes, Amiens, Roubaix, Tourcoing, Arras and Douai. The inhabitants are called Lensois (pronounced [lɑ̃swa]).
Lens | |
|---|---|
Subprefecture and commune | |
Lens in late-July 2006 | |
| Coordinates: 50°25′56″N 2°50′00″E | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Hauts-de-France |
| Department | Pas-de-Calais |
| Arrondissement | Lens |
| Canton | Lens |
| Intercommunality | CA Lens-Liévin |
| Government | |
| • Mayor (2020–2026) | Sylvain Robert[1] |
| Area 1 | 11.70 km2 (4.52 sq mi) |
| Population (2021)[2] | 32,618 |
| • Density | 2,800/km2 (7,200/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 62498 /62300 |
| Elevation | 27–71 m (89–233 ft) |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
Lens belongs to the intercommunality of Lens-Liévin, which consists of 36 communes, with a total population of 242,000. Lens, along with Douai and 65 other communes, forms the agglomeration (unité urbaine) of Douai-Lens, whose population as of 2018 was 504,281.[4]
Lens was initially a fortification from the Norman invasions. In 1180, it was owned by the Count of Flanders, and sovereignty was exercised by the Crown of France. In the 13th century, Lens received a charter from Louis VIII of France, allowing it to become a city. The Flemish razed the city in 1303. Prior to this, the city's population relied on its markets.[5] In 1526, Lens was made part of the Spanish Netherlands under the ownership of the French monarchy, and only passed back to France on 7 November 1659 with the Treaty of the Pyrenees.[6]
In 1849, coal was discovered in Lens after surveys were carried out at Annay, Courrières and Loos-en-Gohelle. This led to the expansion of the city into an important industrial center as part of the Nord-Pas de Calais Mining Basin.[7] The Lens Mining Company was founded in 1852 and experienced large profits.[8] The city, occupied from 1914 to 1918, was largely destroyed in the First World War and its population of 18,000 fell by half.[9] In World War II, the Allies bombarded the city from the air, leaving 500 dead and 1,000 buildings destroyed.[10]
The last coal mine in Lens closed in 1986. The Nord-Pas de Calais Mining Basin was made a UNESCO Heritage site in 2012,[7] and the Louvre-Lens art museum was opened the same year.[11]
Lens is the site of one of the five campuses of the University of Artois.[12]
The Lens railway station, built in 1927, is served by regional trains towards Lille, Arras, Douai, Dunkirk, Calais and Valenciennes. It is also connected to the TGV network, with high speed trains to Paris. It is served by the Lens-Béthune bus network, with bus services running across Lens and connecting it to nearby towns.
Football club RC Lens plays in the town. Their stadium, Stade Bollaert-Delelis, was used for UEFA Euro 1984, the 1998 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2016 and the 1999 Rugby World Cup and the 2007 Rugby World Cup.
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| Source: EHESS[13] and INSEE (1968-2017)[14] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- East of Pas-de-Calais (Béthune, Lens, Hénin-Beaumont)
- Lens church
- Main shopping district
- One of the many cone-shaped coal tips that litter the landscape near Lens
- "Répertoire national des élus: les maires". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 2 December 2020.
- Comparateur de territoire, INSEE, retrieved 20 June 2022.
- "Medieval era". Ville de Lens. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- "Modern era". Ville de Lens. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- Nord-Pas de Calais Mining Basin (France): No. 1360 (Report). ICOMOS. 14 March 2021. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
- "Discovery of Coal". Ville de Lens. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- "World War I". Ville de Lens. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
- "World War II". Ville de Lens. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
- "Lens inaugure son musée du Louvre". France 24 (in French). 4 December 2012. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
- "Hauts-de-France | Facts, Population, & Map | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
- Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Lens, EHESS (in French).
- Official web site (in French)
- Communauté d'Agglomeration of Lens-Liévin (in French)