List_of_Assyrian_settlements

List of Assyrian settlements

List of Assyrian settlements

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The following is a list of historical and contemporary Assyrian settlements in the Middle East. This list includes settlements of Assyrians from Southeastern Turkey who left their indigenous tribal districts in Hakkari (or the historical Hakkari region), Sirnak and Mardin province[2] due to torment, violence and displacement by Ottomans and Kurds in the First World War. Many Assyrians from Urmia, Iran were also affected and as such have emigrated and settled in other towns. Resettling again occurred during the Simele massacre in northern Iraq, perpetrated by the Iraqi military coup in the 1930s, with many fleeing to northeastern Syria.[3]

A statue of the Jesus in Ankawa, Iraq, one of the largest modern Assyrian communities in the Assyrian homeland and is also the patriarchate of the Assyrian Church of the East.[1]

Most modern resettlement is located in Iraq,[4] Syria and Iran in the cities of Baghdad, Habbaniyah, Kirkuk, Duhok, Al-Hasakah, Tehran and Damascus. Few Assyrian settlements exist in Turkey today and also in the Caucasus. The exodus to the cities or towns of these aforementioned countries occurred between late 1910s and 1930s.[5][6] After the Iraq War in 2003, a number of Assyrians in Baghdad relocated to the Assyrian homeland in northern Iraq.[7] Many others have immigrated to North America, Europe and Australia, especially in the late 20th century and 21st century.[8] Currently, there are a number of settlements on this list that have been abandoned due to persecution, conflict, and other causes.[9]

Iraq

Baghdad Province

More information Settlement, Aramaic ...

Dohuk Province

Duhok Province
Assyrian Mar Narsai Church in Duhok
More information Settlement, Aramaic ...

Erbil Province

Erbil Province
More information Settlement, Aramaic ...

Kirkuk Governorate

More information Settlement, Aramaic ...

Nineveh Province

Ninawa Province
Interior view of the Meskinta Assyrian-Chaldean Church in Mosul
Church of Saint Thomas, Mosul
Saint Michael's church in Alqosh
More information Settlement, Aramaic ...

Abandoned villages

More information Settlement, Aramaic ...

Iran

West Azerbaijan, Iran
Tehran, Iran

Iranian Kurdistan

Tehran Province

Assyrians immigrated to Syria during the 1930s and 1940s, from northern Iraq, after they were slaughtered and displaced during the Simele massacre perpetrated by the armed forces of the Kingdom of Iraq.[47] Many Assyrians in Syria did not have Syrian citizenship and title to their land until late 1940s.[48][49] The Assyrians who settled in the Khabour River Valley organized their villages according to their own tribal structure, with each village belonging to a single tribe.[50] As such, each village effectively has two names, the official Arabic name and the unofficial Assyrian name, with the latter being the name of the tribe that built the town.[51][52]

Syria

Al Hasakah, Syria

Al-Hasakah Governorate

Villages in the Khabour River Valley

Cities and towns with Syriac-Assyrian population

Villages

  • Berabeytê/Berebeyt (ܒܰܪ ܒܝܬܐܰ ,بره بيت)[53][54]
  • Ghardugah
  • Khanik
  • Kirku Shamu
  • Mahriqan
  • Qir Sharan
  • Safiyah
  • Tal Aluw
  • Tall Jana
  • Tell Halaf
  • Tirbekay

Turkey

Some Assyrians from southeastern Turkey settled to a few nearby towns and cities in eastern Turkey after the genocide in 1914

Diyarbakır Province

Batman Province

Mardin province

  • ʼArbo
  • ʼAnḥel
  • Beth Kustan
  • Beth Debe, Turkish: Dibek
  • Beth Man’am, Turkish: Bahminir
  • Birguriya, Turkish: Birigirya
  • Bnebil, Turkish: Benabil
  • Boté, Turkish: Bardakçı
  • Bsorino
  • Chtrako
  • Dara, Turkish: Oğuz
  • Derelya
  • Dayro Daslibo
  • Deyrqube
  • Ehwo, Turkish: Güzelsu
  • Eskikale
  • Habsus, Turkish: Mercimekli
  • Hah, Turkish: Anıtlı
  • Harabale/Arkah, Turkish: Üçköy
  • Harabémechka, Turkish: Dağiçi
  • Kafro Tahtayto
  • Iwardo
  • Keferb
  • Keferze
  • Kelith, Turkish: Dereiçi
  • Kerburan
  • Kfarbé, Turkish: Güngören
  • M’aré, Turkish: Eskihisar
  • Ma'asarte, Turkish: Ömerli[55]
  • Mardin
  • Midyat
  • Mor Bobo, Turkish: Günyurdu
  • Mzizah
  • Nusaybin
  • Qritho di‘Ito (Gundeké Sukru)
  • Qritho Hanna (Gundeké Hanna)
  • Saleh
  • Séderi, Turkish: Üçyol
  • Zaz

Şırnak Province

  • Azakh, Turkish: İdil
  • Hoz, in Beytüşşebap
  • Meer, Turkish: Kovankaya
  • Öğündük
  • Sare/Ester/Gawayto, Turkish: Sarıköy

Hakkari Province

The following is a list of Assyrian settlements in the Hakkari region prior to the Assyrian genocide of 1914. The Assyrian settlements in this region were divided into two groups, ashiret and rayyat. The ashiret settlements belonged to the five semi-independent tribes of Tyari, Tkhuma, Baz, Jilu, and Dez with each tribe presiding over its own district. The rayyat settlements were vassals to either the ashiret tribes or to Kurdish chieftains.[56]

Villages in the Lower Tyari District (Ashiret)[57]

  • Arosh
  • Ashita
  • Bet Alata
  • Bet Ragula
  • Bet Zizo
  • Challuk
  • Chamba d'Bet Susina
  • Chire Rezan
  • Geramon
  • Halmun
  • Hur
  • Kurhe
  • Karukta
  • Lagippa
  • Lizan
  • Mata d'Qasra
  • Minyanish
  • Ragula d'Salabakkan
  • Shurd
  • Umra Tahktaya
  • Zarni
  • Zawita

Villages in the Upper Tyari and Walto Districts (Ashiret and Rayyat)[58]

  • Aina d'Alile
  • Bet Dalyata
  • Bet Mariggo
  • Bet Nahra
  • Bet Zraqo
  • Chamba d'Bet Eliya
  • Chamba d'Hasso
  • Chamba Khadta
  • Chamba d'Kurkhe
  • Chamba d'Malik
  • Chamba d'Nene
  • Chamba d'Kurdaye
  • Dadosh
  • Darawa (Ishte d'Nahra)
  • Dura Ellaya
  • Jemiata
  • Khadiana
  • Ko
  • Mabbuwa
  • Ma'lota d'Malik
  • Mata d'Mart Maryam
  • Mazra'a
  • Mazra'a d'Qelayata
  • Mratita
  • Qelayata
  • Resha d'Nahra
  • Roma Smoqa
  • Rumta
  • Saraspidon
  • Serta
  • Shwawuta
  • Siyador
  • Zorawa

Villages in the Tkhuma District (Ashiret)[59]

  • Bet Arijai
  • Gissa
  • Gundikta
  • Khani
  • Mazra'a
  • Tkhuma Gawaya

Villages in the Baz District (Ashiret)[60]

  • Argeb
  • Bet Salam
  • Mata Takhtaita
  • Orwantus
  • Qojija
  • Shwawuta

Villages in the Jilu District (Ashiret)[60][61]

  • Alsan
  • Ammod
  • Bet Boqra
  • Bubawa
  • Marmuria
  • Mata d'Mar Zaya
  • Mata d'Oryaye
  • Matriya
  • Medhi
  • Muspiran
  • Nahra
  • Nirek
  • Omut
  • Ore
  • Samsekke
  • Sarpel
  • Saten (half Assyrian, half Kurd)
  • Talana
  • Zir
  • Zirine

Villages in the Dez, Shwawuta, and Billijnaye Districts (Ashiret and Rayyat)[62]

  • Alas
  • Alogippa
  • Aqose
  • Awert
  • Bet Respi (a)
  • Bet Respi (b)
  • Bet Shammasha
  • Chiri Chara
  • Chulchen
  • Daden
  • Dairikki
  • Derres
  • Golozor
  • Kursen
  • Mades
  • Makita
  • Mar Quriaqos
  • Nauberi
  • Rabban Dadisho
  • Saqerran
  • Saramos
  • Shwawuta
  • Suwwa

Villages in the Liwan and Norduz Districts (Rayyat)[63]

  • Bailekan
  • Billi
  • Daira d'Zengel
  • Erke
  • Gokhikki
  • Khandaqe
  • Khargel
  • Kanunta
  • Marwanan
  • Mata d'Umra
  • Nogwizan
  • Parhilan
  • Sekunis
  • Tel Jeri
  • Ulaman
  • Zaranis

Villages in the Qodchanis & Siwine Districts (Rayyat)[64]

  • Akhwanis
  • Bet Hajij
  • Bet Nano
  • Charos
  • Espen
  • Karme
  • Khardalanis
  • Kigar
  • Nerwa
  • Oret
  • Pekhen
  • Qodchanis
  • Qotranis
  • Quranis
  • Sallan
  • Shmuninis
  • Siwine
  • Sorlines
  • Tarmel
  • Tirqonis

Villages in the Chal, Raikan, & Tal Districts (Rayyat)[65]

  • Arewun
  • Bet Alata
  • Bet Aziza
  • Bet Biyya
  • Bet Daire
  • Bet Iqta
  • Bet Quraye
  • Bet Shuqa
  • Erbesh
  • Erk
  • Estep
  • Gebba
  • Hish
  • Merkanish
  • Qo
  • Rebbat
  • Shawreza
  • Talana

Villages in the Gawar District (Rayyat)[66]

  • Bashirga
  • Bet Rberre
  • Dara
  • Darawa
  • Diza Gawar
  • Gagoran
  • Karpel
  • Khulkhus
  • Kiyyet
  • Maken Awa
  • Manunan
  • Memekkan
  • Page
  • Pa'ilan
  • Pirzalan
  • Qadiyan
  • Qardiwar
  • Sardasht
  • Sinawa
  • Urisha
  • Wazirawa
  • Zirkanis
  • Zizan

Villages in the Albaq, Derrenaye, Khananis, and Artushi Kurdish Districts (Rayyat)[67]

  • Alamiyyan
  • Ates
  • Ayyel
  • Barwes
  • Basan
  • Bet Zeqte
  • Burduk
  • Erdshi
  • Gezna
  • Hoze
  • Khalila
  • Khananis Ellaita
  • Khananis Takhtaita
  • Kharaban
  • Kharalun
  • Mar Behisho
  • Menjilawa
  • Parrashin
  • Pusan
  • Ozan
  • Qalanis
  • Sharinis
  • Silmuan

Villages in the Shemsdin District (Rayyat)[68]

  • Baituta
  • Balqan
  • Bet Babe
  • Bet Daiwe
  • Bet Garde
  • Bet Tunyo
  • Dara
  • Daron
  • Duri
  • Duru
  • Gargane
  • Halana
  • Harbunan
  • Isira
  • Kek Perzan
  • Mar Denkha
  • Marta
  • Nairdusha
  • Qatuna
  • Rustaqa
  • Sarunis
  • Shaput
  • Sursire
  • Talana
  • Tis

Villages in the Baradost, Tergawar, & Mergawar Districts (Rayyat)[69]

  • Anbi
  • Balulan
  • Biteme
  • Darband
  • Dizgari
  • Gangajin
  • Gundukmalaya
  • Haki
  • Halbi
  • Hbashkube
  • Heshmawa
  • Hulutan
  • Hurana
  • Husar
  • Irima
  • Nargi
  • Pasta
  • Qaloga
  • Qurana
  • Razga
  • Rusna
  • Salona
  • Shaikhani
  • Sihani
  • Susnawa
  • Tuleki
  • Tulu
  • Urtira
  • Uwasu
  • Zangilan
  • Ziruwa

Villages in the Taimar District (Rayyat)[70]

  • Aghjacha
  • Armanis
  • Gadalawa
  • Hawsheshur
  • Kharabsorik
  • Kharashik
  • Khinno
  • Pokhanis
  • Rushan
  • Satibak
  • Seel
  • Serai
  • Toan

Armenia

A multilingual (Armenian, Assyrian, Russian) sign at the entrance of Arzni

The Assyrian population in Armenia is mainly rural. Out of 3,409 Assyrians in Armenia 2,885 (84.6%) was rural and 524 (15.4%) urban.[71] According to the Council of Europe European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages there were four rural settlements with significant Assyrian population.

Ararat Province

  1. Verin Dvin - Assyrians and Armenians
  2. Dimitrov - Assyrians and Armenians

Armavir Province

  1. Nor Artagers - Assyrians, Armenians and Yazidis

Kotayk Province

  1. Arzni - Assyrians and Armenians

See also

References

  1. Wigram, W.A., "The Ashiret Highlands of Hakkari (Mesopotamia)," Royal Central Asian Society Journal, 1916, Vol. III, pg. 40. -- The Assyrians and their Neighbors (London, 1929)
  2. Map of Assyrian villages in Iraq http://aina.org/maps/villagesbyyear.htm
  3. Smith, Gary N., From Urmia to the Stanislaus: a cultural-historical-geography of Assyrian Christians in the Middle East and America (Davis, 1981)
  4. Dalley, Stephanie (1993). "Nineveh After 612 BC." Alt-Orientanlische Forshchungen 20. P.134.
  5. Costa-Roberts, Daniel (15 March 2015). "8 things you didn't know about Assyrian Christians". PBS. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
  6. Meho & Maglaughlin (2001), p. 267
  7. Eshoo (2004), p. 9
  8. Eshoo (2004), p. 8
  9. Eshoo (2004), p. 11
  10. Eshoo (2004), p. 7
  11. Eshoo (2004), p. 10
  12. Eshoo (2004), p. 13
  13. Eshoo (2004), p. 5
  14. Eshoo (2004), p. 4
  15. Eshoo (2004), p. 6
  16. Eshoo (2004), p. 12
  17. La Boda, Sharon (1994). International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. Taylor & Francis. p. 522. ISBN 9781884964039. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  18. Masters, Bruce (25 Mar 2004). Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Arab World: The Roots of Sectarianism. England: Cambridge University Press. p. 57. ISBN 9780521005821. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  19. Soane, Ely Banister (December 2007). To Mesopotamia and Kurdistan in Disguise. Cosimo, Inc. p. 52. ISBN 9781602069770. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  20. Jeloo, Nicholas. Assyrian News. p. 5. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  21. Iskender, Waseem. "برنامج من تراثنا الموصلي - اللهجة الموصلية + الفنان اسكندر الاعمى". YouTube. الفنان والاعلامي وسيم اسكندر, IshtarTV. Archived from the original on 2021-12-19. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  22. Filoni, Fernando (2017). The Church in Iraq. USA: Catholic University of America Press. p. 51. ISBN 9780813229652. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  23. Leustean, Lucian N. (2014). Eastern Christianity and Politics in the Twenty-First Century. Routledge. p. 548. ISBN 978-1-317-81865-6. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  24. Evans, Salman, Dominic, Raheem (July 21, 2014). "Iraq Catholic leader says Islamic State worse than Genghis Khan". Reuters. Retrieved 8 May 2020.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  25. Cairns, Madoc (2 April 2020). Christians 'afraid to return' to northern Iraq. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  26. Rowlands, J., "The Khabur Valley," Royal Central Asian Society Journal, 1947, pp. 144-149.
  27. Betts, Robert Brenton, Christians in the Arab East (Atlanta, 1978)
  28. Dodge, Bayard (1 July 1940). "The settlement of the Assyrians on the Khabbur". Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society. 27 (3): 312. doi:10.1080/03068374008730969. ISSN 0035-8789.
  29. Dodge, Bayard (1 July 1940). "The settlement of the Assyrians on the Khabbur". Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society. 27 (3): 318. doi:10.1080/03068374008730969. ISSN 0035-8789.
  30. Dodge, Bayard (1 July 1940). "The settlement of the Assyrians on the Khabbur". Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society. 27 (3): 314. doi:10.1080/03068374008730969. ISSN 0035-8789.
  31. Fernandez, Alberto M. (1998). "Dawn at Tell Tamir: The Assyrian Christian Survival on the Khabur River" (PDF). Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies. 12 (1): 41, 42.
  32. Mardin Travel. "Ömerli". Mardin Travel.
  33. Wilmshurst, David (2000). The ecclesiastical organisation of the Church of the East, 1318-1913. University of Virginia: Peeters. p. 285. ISBN 9782877235037.
  34. Wilmshurst 2000, p. 288.
  35. Wilmshurst 2000, p. 291.
  36. Wilmshurst 2000, p. 297.
  37. Wilmshurst 2000, p. 300.
  38. Percy, Henry George (1901). Highlands of Asiatic Turkey. E. Arnold. p. 191.
  39. Wilmshurst 2000, p. 294.
  40. Wilmshurst 2000, p. 293.
  41. Wilmshurst 2000, p. 295.
  42. Wilmshurst 2000, p. 299.
  43. Wilmshurst 2000, p. 302.
  44. Wilmshurst 2000, p. 303.
  45. Wilmshurst 2000, p. 305.
  46. Wilmshurst 2000, p. 307.
  47. Wilmshurst 2000, p. 311.

Bibliography


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