The Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh is the chief executive of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. In accordance with the Constitution of India, the governor is a state's de jure head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, the state's governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits.^[1]

Following Madhya Pradesh's reorganisation on 1 November 1999, 19 people have served as its chief minister. Twelve of these belonged to the Indian National Congress, including the inaugural officeholder Ravishankar Shukla. The first non-Congress chief minister was Govind Narayan Singh who defected from the party and lead a Samyukta Vidhayak Dal government from 1967 to 1969. Digvijaya Singh of the Congress became the first officeholder to serve two full five-year terms. He was succeeded by Uma Bharti of the Bharatiya Janata Party, Madhya Pradesh's only woman chief minister. Shivraj Singh Chouhan of the Bharatiya Janata Party was the longest-serving chief minister of the state, serving for over 16 and half years. Chouhan was succeeded by Dr. Mohan Yadav of his own party after the 2023 elections, which was seen as a landslide victory^[2] for the BJP following the 16 years of incumbency.

After the independence of India, the state of Madhya Pradesh was created in 1950 from the Central Provinces and Berar and the princely state of Makrai with Nagpur as the capital of the state.

The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 merged the states of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh, and Bhopal were merged into Madhya Pradesh and the Marathi-speaking southern region Vidarbha, which included Nagpur, was ceded to Bombay. In November 2000, as part of the Madhya Pradesh Reorganization Act the southeastern portion of the state was split off to form the new state of Chhattisgarh.

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#	Portrait	Name	Constituency	Tenure[5][6]			Assembly (election)	Party[lower-alpha 1]
1		Ravishankar Shukla[7]	N/A	26 January 1950	30 March 1952	6 years, 340 days	Not yet created	Indian National Congress
			Saraipali	31 March 1952	31 October 1956		1st[8] (1952 election)
				1 November 1956	31 December 1956
2		Bhagwantrao Mandloi	Khandwa	9 January 1957	31 January 1957	22 days
3		Kailash Nath Katju	Jaora	31 January 1957	14 March 1957	5 years, 40 days
				14 March 1957	12 March 1962		2nd (1957 election)
(2)		Bhagwantrao Mandloi	Khandwa	12 March 1962	30 September 1963	1 year, 202 days	3rd (1962 election)
4		Dwarka Prasad Mishra	Katangi	30 September 1963	8 March 1967	3 years, 303 days
				8 March 1967	30 July 1967		4th (1967 election)
5		Govind Narayan Singh	Rampur-Baghelan	30 July 1967	13 March 1969	1 year, 226 days		Samyukta Vidhayak Dal
6		Nareshchandra Singh	Pussore	13 March 1969	26 March 1969	13 days
7		Shyama Charan Shukla	Rajim	26 March 1969	29 January 1972	2 years, 309 days		Indian National Congress
8		Prakash Chandra Sethi	Ujjain North	29 January 1972	22 March 1972	3 years, 328 days
				23 March 1972	23 December 1975		5th (1972 election)
(7)		Shyama Charan Shukla	Rajim	23 December 1975	30 April 1977	1 year, 128 days
–		Vacant[lower-alpha 2] (President's rule)	N/A	30 April 1977	23 June 1977	54 days	Dissolved	N/A
9		Kailash Chandra Joshi	Bagli	24 June 1977	18 January 1978	208 days	6th (1977 election)	Janata Party
10		Virendra Kumar Sakhlecha	Jawad	18 January 1978	20 January 1980	2 years, 2 days
11		Sunderlal Patwa	Mandsaur	20 January 1980	17 February 1980	28 days
–		Vacant[lower-alpha 2] (President's rule)	N/A	17 February 1980	9 June 1980	113 days	Dissolved	N/A
12		Arjun Singh	Churhat	9 June 1980	10 March 1985	4 years, 277 days	7th (1980 election)	Indian National Congress
				11 March 1985	13 March 1985		8th (1985 election)
13		Motilal Vora	Durg	13 March 1985	14 February 1988	2 years, 338 days
(12)		Arjun Singh	Kharsia	14 February 1988	25 January 1989	346 days
(13)		Motilal Vora	Durg	25 January 1989	9 December 1989	318 days
(7)		Shyama Charan Shukla		9 December 1989	5 March 1990	86 days
(11)		Sunderlal Patwa	Bhojpur	5 March 1990	15 December 1992	2 years, 285 days	9th (1990 election)	Bharatiya Janata Party
–		Vacant[lower-alpha 2] (President's rule)	N/A	15 December 1992	6 December 1993	355 days	Dissolved	N/A
14		Digvijaya Singh	Chachoura	7 December 1993	1 December 1998	10 years, 1 day	10th (1993 election)	Indian National Congress
			Raghogarh	1 December 1998	8 December 2003		11th (1998 election)
15		Uma Bharti	Malhara	8 December 2003	23 August 2004	259 days	12th (2003 election)	Bharatiya Janata Party
16		Babulal Gaur	Govindpura	23 August 2004	29 November 2005	1 year, 98 days
17		Shivraj Singh Chouhan	Budhni	29 November 2005	12 December 2008	13 years, 17 days
				12 December 2008	13 December 2013		13th (2008 election)
				14 December 2013	17 December 2018		14th (2013 election)
18		Kamal Nath	Chhindwara	17 December 2018	23 March 2020	1 year, 97 days	15th (2018 election)	Indian National Congress
(17)		Shivraj Singh Chouhan	Budhni	23 March 2020	13 December 2023	3 years, 265 days		Bharatiya Janata Party
19		Mohan Yadav	Ujjain South	13 December 2023	Incumbent	130 days	16th (2023 election)

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