List_of_Egyptian_castles,_forts,_fortifications_and_city_walls
Many buildings in Egypt can be put under the classification of castles, citadels, forts, and fortifications.
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Pharaonic
Lower Egypt
- Fortification of Memphis[2]
- Fort of Walls of the Prince (inebw heka), Eastern Delta.[2]
- Fortress of Wadi Natrun, western Delta.[2]
- Rhakotis fort, Alexandria[3]
- Tahpanhes fort or Castle of the Jew's Daughter
- Heliopolis Fortifications.[4]
Middle Egypt
Upper Egypt
- Kom el-Ahmar (Hierakonpolis) fortifications[2]
- Fortress of Abydos[2]
- Shunet ez Zebib forts near Abydos
- Medinet Habu New Kingdom fortification[2]
- El-Kab fortifications[2]
- Thebes fortifications.[4]
Sinai
Western Desert
- Siwa Oasis fortification, Western desert of Egypt[12]
- QasrAllam fort
Nubia
- The ancient castle at Buhen[13][14]
- Fort of Kubban, Nubia[2]
- Semna fortification[2][15]
- Kumma fort[2][15]
- Aniba Fort[2]
- Uronarti fort[2][15]
- Mirgissa fort[2][15]
- Shalfak fort[2][15]
- Askut fort[2][15]
- Senusret I-III seventeen south fortresses.[2][15]
- Dabenarti fort[2][15]
- Faras Fort[2]
- Serra Fort.[2]
Persian
- Persian fort of Rhakortis, North coast
Greco-Roman
Cairo
Delta
- Naucratis Greek fort
Kharga Oasis
- Ain Umm Dabadib fort, Kharga Oasis.[17][18]
- El Deir fort, Kharga Oasis.[17][18]
- Qasr el Labeka fort, Kharga Oasis.[17][18]
- Qasr Sumaria fort, Kharga Oasis.[17][18]
- Qasr el Geb fort, Kharga Oasis.[17][18]
- Al-Haiz fort, Bahariya Oasis.
- Nadura fort, Kharga Oasis[18]
- Qasr el-Ghueita fort, Kharga Oasis[18]
- Qasr el-Zayyan fort, Kharga Oasis[18]
Red Sea
Fayoum
- Temple of Stones fort, Fayoum.[19][22]
- Der el Memun, fort where Anthony the Great lived, across from Faiyum.
Lower Egypt
Sinai
- Saint Catherine's Monastery fortification, Mount Sinai in the Sinai Peninsula (by Justinian I 548–565)[24]
North coast
- Alexandria fortifications [25]
- Taposiris Magna Fortress, Alexandria [citation needed]
Islamic
Cairo
- Cairo Citadel, Mukkattam, Cairo
- Ayyubid Cairo City Fortification
- Gates of Cairo
- Al Fustat city walls[26]
Alexandria
- Citadel of Qaitbay, Alexandria
- Fortification of Bab Rosetta, Alexandria[27]
- Qaitbey Citadel, Rosetta (known as Fort Julien)
Red Sea & Eastern desert
Sinai
Western desert
- Siwa oasis fort[35][36][37][38]
- Shali fortified village, Siwa Oasis.[39]
Modern Egypt
Cairo
Alexandria & North coast
- Fort Julien, Rosetta Fort.
- Agami Fort, Alexandria (by French occupation) [40]
- Abu Qir Castle (was used by Mohammed Ali as a prison)
Western Desert
- Mersa Matruh Fortifications (1941 AD)[41][42]
- Sidi Barrani Fortifications (1941 AD) [43][44][45][46]
- Alam el Halfa Fortifications (1941 AD)[47][48][49]
- Sollum fortified base camp (1941 AD) [50]
- Halfaya Pass Fortification (1941 AD)[51][52][53]
- Bir-Hakeim fort (1942 AD) [54]
Sinai
- Al-Arish castle
- Sharm El-Sheikh fortification by Egypt (1954 AD) [55][56]
- Castle Zaman, Sinai [57]
Suez canal
- Adgerud castle, Suez.[6]
- Kolsum castle, Suez.[6]
- Bar Lev Line
Red Sea & Eastern Desert
- Green Island (Egypt) Fortification, Red Sea (1969 AD)
- Shadwan island fortifications, Red Sea (1960s AD)
Western Desert
- Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham, a Ramesside fort near the Libyan coast where trade goods were found. For example, cakes of Egyptian blue pigment, brought there for export, were found,[58] along with indications of exotic imports such as olive oil and wine.[59]
Alexandria
- Qaitbey Castle.
- Fort Pharos
- Fort Silsileh
- Fort Adda
- Fort Ras-el-Tin
- Fort Marabout
- Fort Adjemi
- Marza-el-Kana
- Citadel of Mex
- Fort Kamaria
- Fort Om Qabeba
- Fort Saleh Aga
Rosetta
Port Said
Damietta
- Ezzbet El-Borg Defensive tower.
- Urabi Fort.
- Old Damietta city wall & Fortifications.
Sinai castles, forts, fortifications and citadels
- 13th century BC The Way of Horus coastal & Sinai forts.[2]
- 13th century BC Tharu castle.[2]
- 13th century BC Boto Fort (by Seti I), (Qatia area), Sinai.[7]
- 13th century BC Tel Habwa Fort (by Seti I), (Qantara area), Sinai[5][7]
- 13th century BC Tel Kadwa Fort, Sinai[60]
- 13th century BC Tel Al Hebr Fort, Sinai[60]
- 13th century BC Kharouba Fort, Sinai[60]
- 13th century BC Baer Al-Abd Fort, Sinai[60]
- Unknown time Pharonic El Tina castle, Beer Al Abd, North Sinai[5][7][34]
- Circa 100 BC Ptolemaic Fort of Tal Abou Sayfi, South of Qantara Sharq city.[7]
- 200 AD Roman Fort of Tal Abou Sayfi, South of Qantara Sharq city (by Emperor Maximinus Thrax).[7]
- Unknown time Roman Lahfen castle near Al-Arish.[7]
- Saint Catherine's Monastery fortification, Mount Sinai, Sinai Peninsula.
- 640 AD Farma (Pelusium) citadel.[7][29][32]
- 7th century AD Justinian's Strasini Fort, Tel Felosiyia, near Pelusium.[7]
- 7th century AD Garha Roman fort, on Bardawil lake, North Sinai.[7]
- Unknown time Byzantine fort, qaseema, Hosna, Middle Sinai.[7]
- Unknown time Al-Mohammadyia Arabic Fort, Beer Al Abd, North Sinai.[7]
- 1115 AD Al-Soubak Fort (by Baldwin), Wadi Araba.[7]
- 1116 Ad Aiyla fort (by Baldwin), Aiyla city, Aqaba bay.[7]
- 1116 AD Pharaoh Island Fort (by Baldwin), Aqaba bay.[7]
- 1117 AD Wadi Musa fort (by Baldwin).[7]
- 1181 AD Aiyla Island Castle (by Ayyobids).[7]
- 1182 AD Salah El-Din castle Sedr, Sinai.[7]
- 1184 AD Qalaat Al-Gindi (by Saladin), Ras Sedr, Sinai.[7][29][30][31]
- 1184 AD Salah El-Din castle, Taba (Pharaoh Island), Sinai.[7][29]
- 1516 AD Al-Arish citadel (by Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri).[7][29][32]
- 1516 AD Al-Baghla fort (by Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri).[7]
- 1516 AD Naqab Al-Aqaba Fort(by Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri).[7]
- 1516 AD An-Nakhl Fortress (by Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri).[7][29][32][33]
- 1799 AD Qatiyah Fort, West of sinai (by General Lograng of Napoleon Army).[7]
- 1799 Siege of El Arish Castle
- 1893 Nuweiba Castle.[7][29]
- 1910s Turkish Fortifications at Hosna, middle Sinai.[7]
- 1910s Turkish Fortifications at Al-Arish Castle, North Sinai.[7]
- 1910s Turkish Fortifications at Nekhel, Sinai.[7]
- 1910s Turkish Fortifications at Salah El Din Castle, South Sinai.[7]
- 1960s & 1970s Egyptian Defensive fortifications built by Egyptian Armed forces during the Attrition war on the Western bank of Suez canal & Bar Lev Line of fortifications on Eastern side of Suez Canal (by Israel occupation forces).[7]
- 1990s Touristic Castle Zaman, Sinai [57]
- Unknown time Ain al Qudairat Fort, Hosna, North Sinai.[7]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fortresses in Egypt.
- UNESCO, Decision Text, World Heritage Centre, retrieved 21 July 2017
- "Qantara East history". Archived from the original on 2008-05-19. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
- Niebuhr travels
- Said Aly Sinai, the Meaning and Importance (in Arabic) ISBN 977-437-760-5
- Egyptian Fortresses in Nubia Archived 2009-08-30 at the Wayback Machine
- "Roman forts in Kharga Oasis". Archived from the original on 2008-04-04. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
- "Fayoum Roman fort". Archived from the original on 2008-07-23. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
- "Al Fustat city walls". Archived from the original on 2011-05-25. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
- Sinai castles Archived 2008-02-14 at the Wayback Machine
- "North Sinai forts". Archived from the original on 2008-11-18. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
- "Siwa old photos". Archived from the original on 2008-07-08. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
- "Alex history". Archived from the original on 2007-04-03. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
- Africa Korps Archived 2008-08-27 at the Wayback Machine
- "le général Rommel". Archived from the original on 2006-03-23. Retrieved 2008-07-21.
- Fry, Michael, and Hochstein, Miles. "The Forgotten Middle East Crisis of 1957: Gaza and Sharm el Sheikh." International History Review 15 (1993): 46 - 83 "The Forgotten Middle East Crisis of 1957: Gaza and Sharm el Sheikh."
- Rehren, Th., Pusch, E.B. & Herold, A. (2001). "Problems and possibilities in workshop reconstruction: Qantir and the organization of LBA glass working sites". In A.J. Shortland (ed.). The social context of technological change, Egypt and the Near East 1650–1550 BC. Proceedings of a conference held at St Edmund Hall, Oxford 12–14 September 2000. Oxford: Oxbow Books. ISBN 978-1-84217-050-2.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - "مصر تكتشف بقايا قلعة عسكرية فرعونية في سيناء". 5 June 2008.