List_of_Governors_of_North_Carolina

List of governors of North Carolina

List of governors of North Carolina

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The governor of North Carolina is the head of government of the U.S. state of North Carolina and commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.

There have been 69 governors of North Carolina, with six serving non-consecutive terms, totaling 75 terms. The current governor is Democrat Roy Cooper, who took office on January 1, 2017.

Governors

Presidents of the Council

Prior to declaring its independence, North Carolina was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain. The 13-member Provincial Council, renamed the Council of Safety in April 1776, was essentially the executive authority during the second year of the revolution, and was appointed by the Provincial Congress. The Presidency of the Council and the Presidency of the Congress could each be considered the highest offices in the state during this time, but the council was supreme when the congress was not in session.

Cornelius Harnett served as the first president from October 18, 1775, to August 21, 1776. Samuel Ashe then served until September 27, 1776, and Willie Jones until October 25, 1776, at which time a state government had been formed.[1]

State governors

For the period before independence, see List of governors of the Province of North Carolina.

North Carolina was one of the original Thirteen Colonies, and was admitted as a state on November 21, 1789.[2] It seceded from the Union on May 20, 1861,[3] and joined the Confederate States of America on February 4, 1861.[4] Following the end of the American Civil War, North Carolina during Reconstruction was part of the Second Military District, which exerted some control over governor appointments and elections. North Carolina was readmitted to the Union on July 4, 1868.[5]

The first constitution of 1776 created the office of governor, to be chosen by the legislature annually, and whom may only serve up to three out of every six years.[6] An amendment in 1835 changed this to popular election for a term of two years,[7] allowing them to succeed themselves once.[1] The 1868 constitution lengthened terms to four years, to commence on the first day of January after the election,[8] but they could not succeed themselves,[9] a limit that was changed in 1977 to allow them to succeed themselves once.[10]

The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1868, to act as governor when that office is vacant;[11] in 1971 this was changed so that the lieutenant governor becomes governor.[12] Before the office was created, the speaker of the senate would act as governor should it be vacant.[13]

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Notes

  1. The office of lieutenant governor was created in 1868.[14]
  2. Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.
  3. Sources disagree on when Caswell took office; the 1913 state manual says December 19,[16] the 1981 state manual says December 21,[17] while a biography from 1905 says it was December 24.[18]
  4. Under the 1776 constitution, governors were ineligible to hold the office more than three years in six successive years.[19]
  5. Burke was captured by Loyalists led by David Fanning on September 13, 1781, and escaped on January 16, 1872;[22] during this time, Speaker of the Senate Alexander Martin acted as governor.[23]
  6. Johnston resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[30]
  7. Spaight is labeled a Federalist by Kallenbach,[31] and a Democratic-Republican by Glashan.[20]
  8. Ashe is labeled an Anti-Federalist by Kallenbach,[31] and a Democratic-Republican by Dubin[36] and Glashan.[20]
  9. Some sources say Davie resigned on September 10, 1799, to be a peace envoy to France;[39][37] however, the state manual does not mention a resignation,[1] and other sources say that, while he left the state, he arranged to formally remain governor.[40]
  10. Kallenbach labels Williams a Democratic-Republican,[31] but Glashan[20] and Tufts[51] label him a Federalist.
  11. Smith was nominated and received votes in the first round of balloting, but he had not authorized this and was not interested, so his name was withdrawn.[59]
  12. Glashan[20] and Kallenbach[31] label Burton a Democratic-Republican, but Sobel labels him a Federalist.[74]
  13. Iredell was instead elected to the United States Senate on December 1; while Sobel says he resigned to take his new office,[77] contemporary sources mention no such resignation.
  14. Sobel says Owen had been nominated and withdrew,[80] but contemporary sources say only that he requested not to be nominated.[83]
  15. Glashan[20] and Kallenbach[31] label Owen a Democratic-Republican, while Sobel says he was a "National Republican with Federalist sympathies."[80]
  16. Stokes was appointed to be a commissioner to treat with Indians, and sent a farewell message to the general assembly on November 19.[87] Some sources, both modern and older, interpret this as him resigning;[84][88] however, the 1927 manual says he left office normally on December 6,[1] and contemporary news does not use any term of resignation.
  17. Glashan[20] and Kallenbach[31] label Stokes a Democratic-Republican, while Dubin labels him a Democrat.[36]
  18. Swain is labeled a Democrat by Dubin,[36] a National Republican by Glashan,[20] a Democratic-Republican by Kallenbach,[31] and a Whig by Sobel.[89]
  19. Under an 1835 amendment to the constitution, governors were ineligible to hold the office more than four years in six successive years.[98]
  20. Reid resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[111]
  21. After the Union victory in the Battle of New Bern, Abraham Lincoln appointed General Edward Stanly as military governor of the Union-held regions of North Carolina, and he served in that capacity from May 26, 1862, until early 1863, when he resigned over the Emancipation Proclamation.[124]
  22. Vance left Raleigh on April 12 to negotiate a surrender,[128] surrendered to General John Schofield on May 2, and was arrested in Statesville on May 13. He was released a few weeks later, and would be pardoned by Andrew Johnson in 1867.[129]
  23. Holden was appointed provisional governor by the Union occupation.[130]
  24. Holden was impeached over crimes committed during the Kirk–Holden war against the Ku Klux Klan.[130]
  25. Holden was impeached on December 19, 1870;[139][140] per the constitution, Caldwell became acting governor, and served in that capacity until and after Holden was convicted and removed on March 22, 1871.[141]
  26. Vance resigned, having been elected to the United States Senate.[125][146]
  27. Under the 1868 constitution, governors were ineligible to hold the office more than four years in eight successive years.[150]
  28. Robinson acted as governor from September 1 to September 28, 1883, while Jarvis was out of state.[151]
  29. Under a 1962 amendment to the constitution, governors were ineligible to succeed themselves.[215]
  30. Under the 1971 constitution, governors were ineligible to succeed themselves.[222]
  31. Represented the Democratic Party
  32. Under a 1977 amendment to the constitution, governors are ineligible for election to more than two consecutive terms.[229]
  33. Represented the Republican Party
  34. Cooper's second term began January 9, 2021, and will expire in January 2025; he will be term-limited.

References

General
  • "Former North Carolina Governors". National Governors Association. Retrieved May 16, 2023.
  • Sobel, Robert (1978). Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. III. Meckler Books. ISBN 9780930466008. Retrieved May 9, 2023.
  • Dubin, Michael J. (2003). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-1439-0.
  • Dubin, Michael J. (2014). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1861-1911: The Official Results by State and County. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-5646-8.
  • Kallenbach, Joseph Ernest (1977). American State Governors, 1776-1976. Oceana Publications. ISBN 978-0-379-00665-0. Retrieved September 23, 2023.
  • Glashan, Roy R. (1979). American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978. Meckler Books. ISBN 978-0-930466-17-6.
  • "Our Campaigns - Governor of North Carolina - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
  • "Our Campaigns - Governor of North Carolina (CSA) - History". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved July 25, 2023.
Specific
  1. [1]
    North Carolina Secretary of State (1927). North Carolina Manual. North Carolina Historical Commission. pp. 67–69.
  2. [2]
    "Ratification of the Constitution by the State of North Carolina; November 21, 1789". The Avalon Project at Yale Law School. Archived from the original on November 23, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  3. [3]
    "Secession Ordinances of 13 Confederate States". University of Houston. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
  4. [4]
    "Secession". John Locke Foundation.
  5. [5]
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  6. [6]
    1776 Const. art. XV
  7. [7]
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    1868 Const. art. III, § 1
  9. [9]
    1868 Const. art. III, § 2
  10. [10]
    North Carolina Secretary of State (1985). North Carolina manual [serial]. North Carolina Historical Commission. p. 155.
  11. [11]
    1868 Const. art. III, § 12
  12. [12]
    NC Const. art. III, § 3
  13. [13]
    1776 Const. art. XIX
  14. [14]
    1868 Const. art. III, § 1
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    North Carolina Secretary of State (1981). North Carolina Manual (PDF). pp. 409–412.
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    Glashan 1979, p. 228.
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    Watterson, John S.; Roberts, Paul C.; Frisard, Madlyn I.; McMillan, Ryan P.; Brown, Timothy J.; Lawless, Michael H.; Hulver, Matthew W.; Schmelz, Eva M. (1971). "The Ordeal of Governor Burke". The North Carolina Historical Review. 48 (2): 95–117. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.02.017. ISSN 0029-2494. PMC 3691854. PMID 23518387.
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    Sobel 1978, pp. 1111–1112.
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    "Thomas Burke". National Governors Association. Retrieved May 16, 2023.
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    Minutes of the North Carolina House of Commons, Volume 17, 26 June 1781, 897. Documenting the American South, University Library, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Accessed May 16, 2023.
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    Minutes of the North Carolina House of Commons, Volume 16, 22 April 1782, 40. Documenting the American South, University Library, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Accessed May 22, 2023.
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    Alexander, C. B. (1946). "Richard Caswell's Military and Later Public Services". The North Carolina Historical Review. 23 (3): 301–302. ISSN 0029-2494.
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    Wheeler, John Hill (1884). Reminiscences and Memoirs of North Carolina and Eminent North Carolinians. Columbus print. works. p. 105. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
  30. [30]
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  31. [31]
    Kallenbach 1977, pp. 440–442.
  32. [32]
    Sobel 1978, pp. 1112–1113.
  33. [33]
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  34. [34]
    Sobel 1978, p. 1113.
  35. [35]
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  36. [36]
    Dubin 2003, p. 181.
  37. [37]
    Sobel 1978, pp. 1114–1115.
  38. [38]
    "William Richardson Davie". National Governors Association. Retrieved May 16, 2023.
  39. [39]
    Allen, William Cicero (1918). History of Halifax County. Cornhill Company. p. 161.
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    Ashe, Samuel A'Court (1925). History of North Carolina: From 1783 to 1925. C.L. Van Noppen. pp. 158–159.
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    "none". Weekly Raleigh Register. December 13, 1811. p. 3. Retrieved May 25, 2023. On Saturday, Wm. Hawkins, Esq. of Granville, was elected Governor of this state for the ensuing year; and on Monday, at 12 o'clock he took the usual oaths of office in the Common's Hall, in presence of the two Houses.
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    Sobel 1978, p. 1119.
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    Sobel 1978, pp. 1121–1122.
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  70. [70]
    "none". The Hillsborough Recorder. December 13, 1820. p. 3. Retrieved May 27, 2023. On Tuesday last, major Jesse Franklin, of Surry county, was elected by the legislature, governor of this state for the ensuing year. He yesterday took the usual oaths of office, in presence of the two houses.
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