List of Guggenheim Fellowships awarded in 1981.

• Walter Abish, Writer, New York City
• Claude Abraham, Professor Emeritus French, University of California, Davis
• Alice Adams, Artist, Bronx, New York
• Eric G. Adelberger, Professor of Physics, University of Washington
• Reginald Edgar Allen, Professor of Philosophy and Classics, Northwestern University
• David Hershel Alpers, William B. Kountz Professor of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine
• Peter G. Anastos, Choreographer, Cincinnati, Ohio
• Elliot Aronson, Emeritus Professor of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz
• Margaret Atwood, Writer, Toronto
• James L. Axtell, William J. Kenan, Jr. Professor of Humanities, College of William and Mary
• Edward Bakst, Film Maker, New York City
• Rudolf Baranik, Deceased. Fine Arts
• Pranab Kumar Bardhan, Professor of Economics, University of California, Berkeley
• Edward Barnes, Composer, New York City
• Elizabeth Ann Bates, Professor of Psychology & Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego
• Larry Thomas Bell, Composer, Boston
• Peter Mayo Bell, Geophysicist, Carnegie Institution of Washington's Geophysical Laboratory, Washington, DC
• Warren Frank Benson, Composer; Emeritus Professor of Composition, Eastman School of Music
• Darwin K. Berg, Professor of Biology, University of California, San Diego
• Albert Jeffrey Berger, Professor of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, School of Medicine
• Marshall Howard Berman, Writer; Professor of Political Science, City College and Graduate Center, City University of New York
• Thomas Paul Bernstein, Associate Professor of Political Science, Columbia University
• Gina Berriault, Writer; Assistant Professor of Creative Writing, San Francisco State University
• Michael James Berry, Robert A. Welch Professor of Chemistry, Rice University
• Jake Berthot, Artist, New York City
• John Simeon Block, Film Maker, Upper Montclair, New Jersey
• Skip Blumberg, Video Artist, New York City.
• Jean V. Bony, Deceased. Architecture
• Weston Thatcher Borden, Professor of Chemistry, University of Washington
• Anthony Braxton, Composer, Middleton, Connecticut
• Ann Lesley Brown, Professor of Educational Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
• Paul Louis Brown, Artist, Brooklyn, New York
• Anne Pippin Burnett, Emeritus Professor of Classics, University of Chicago
• Gerald Busby, Composer, New York City
• Daryle H. Busch, Roy A. Roberts Distinguished Professor of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence
• Frederick Busch, Writer; Edgar W. B. Fairchild Professor of Literature, Colgate University
• Walter Cahn, Carnegie Professor of the History of Art, Yale University
• Calum MacNeill Carmichael, Professor of Comparative Literature and Biblical Studies, Cornell University
• Karen A. Carson, Artist, Santa Monica, California
• David Chandler, Professor of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley
• Fredric Lawrence Cheyette, Professor of History, Amherst College
• Tom Clancy, Artist, New York City
• Michael Tran Clegg, Professor of Genetics, University of California, Riverside, CA
• Arthur Morris Cohen, Artist, New York City
• Bernard Cecil Cohen, Vice-Chancellor Emeritus and Quincy Wright Professor Emeritus of Political Science, University of Wisconsin–Madison
• Joel E. Cohen, Abby Rockefeller Mauzé Professor of Populations, Rockefeller University
• Thomas James Colchie, Translator, New York City
• George Ramsay Cook, Professor of History, York University
• Peter M. Daly, chairman, Professor of German, McGill University
• Julie Dash, Film Maker, Atlanta, Georgia
• Alvin E. Davis, III, Professor of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Cincinnati OH
• William Theodore de Bary, John Mitchell Mason Professor and Provost Emeritus, Columbia University
• Gérard Defaux, Professor of French, Johns Hopkins University
• Mary Madeline DeFrees, Poet, Seattle, Washington
• Andrew David deGroat, Choreographer
• Eric Delson, Professor of Anthropology, Herbert Lehman College and Graduate Center, City University of New York
• Stuart Ross Dempster, Composer; Emeritus Professor of Music, University of Washington
• Martha Ann Derthick, Julia Allen Cooper Professor of Government and Foreign Affairs, University of Virginia at Charlottesville
• William G. Dever, Professor of Near Eastern Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Arizona
• Charles Donahue, Jr., Professor of Law, Harvard Law School
• Donald Frank DuBois, Group Leader, Statistical Physics and Materials Theory Group, University of California, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory
• Jay Dusard, Photographer and Writer, Prescott, Arizona
• Stuart Dybek, Writer; Distinguished Professor of English, Western Michigan University
• Harrison Echols, Deceased. Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
• Harold M. Edwards, Professor of Mathematics, New York University
• Elizabeth L. Eisenstein, Alice Freeman Palmer Professor Emeritus of History, University of Michigan
• Robert Francis Engs, Professor of History, University of Pennsylvania
• Jay Franklin Fellows, Deceased. 19th Century English Literature
• John Arthur Ferejohn, William Bennett Munro Professor of Political Science, Stanford University
• Franklin M. Fisher, Professor of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Robert Fizdale, Deceased. Biography
• Kent V. Flannery, James B. Griffin Distinguished University Professor of Anthropology and Curator, Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan
• Suzanne Fleischman, Professor of French and Romance Philology, University of California, Berkeley
• Bengt Fornberg, Professor of Applied Mathematics, University of Colorado
• Murray J. Fraser, Retired Professor of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
• Michael Frede, Philosopher
• Eliot L. Freidson, Professor of Sociology, New York University
• William Gaddis, Deceased. Fiction
• Bruce Ganem, Franz and Elisabeth Roessler Professor of Chemistry, Cornell University
• Robert Erwin Garis, Writer; Katherine Lee Bates Professor Emeritus of English, Wellesley College
• Christopher John Garrett, Professor of Oceanography, University of Victoria, Canada
• Ernest Gellhorn, Professor of Law and Dean, School of Law, Case Western Reserve University
• William A. Gibbons, Head, Professor of Chemistry, University of London
• John Glad, Associate Professor of Germanic and Slavic Languages and Literatures, University of Maryland at College Park
• Joanna McClelland Glass, Playwright, Novelist, Screenwriter, Toronto
• Arthur Gold, Deceased. Biography
• Joseph Goldstein, Stanley Ruttenberg Professor of Law, Yale Law School
• David Gordon, director, Pick Up Company, New York City
• Harold Grad, Deceased. Applied Mathematics
• William Albert Graham, Jr., Professor of the History of Religion and Islamic Studies, Harvard University
• Mark Granovetter, Joan Butler Ford Professor of Sociology, Stanford University
• Robert Molten Gray, Professor of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University
• Robert L. Griess, Professor of Mathematics, University of Michigan
• Sanford Jay Grossman, Steinberg Trustee Professor of Finance, The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania
• Branko Grünbaum, Professor of Mathematics, University of Washington
• James Edwin Guillet, Emeritus Professor of Chemistry, University of Toronto
• C. David Gutsche, Robert A. Welch Professor of Chemistry, Texas Christian University
• Allen Guttmann, Professor of English and American Studies, Amherst College
• David Drisko Hall, Professor of American Religious History and Bartlett Lecturer on New England Church History, Harvard University
• Dolores Hayden, Professor of Architecture, Urbanism and American Studies, Yale University
• Max Knobler Hecht, Professor of Biology, Queens College and Graduate Center
• Donald R. Helinski, Research Professor of Biology, University of California, San Diego
• T. Walter Herbert, Herman Brown Professor of English, Southwestern University
• Alfred John Hiltebeitel, Professor of Religion, George Washington University
• Derek Michael Hirst, William Eliot Smith Professor of History, Washington University in St. Louis
• Melvin Hochster, R.L. Wilder Professor of Mathematics, University of Michigan
• Cecelia Holland, Writer, Fortuna, California
• Denis Hollier, Professor of French, Yale University
• Ole R. Holsti, Emeritus Professor of International Affairs, Duke University
• Lawrence Hubert, Lyle H. Lanier Professor of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• Allan Jacobs, Professor of City and Regional Planning, University of California, Berkeley
• John D. Joannopoulos, Associate Professor of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Christopher H. Johnson, Professor of History, Wayne State University
• Elizabeth W. Jones, Professor of Biological Sciences, Carnegie-Mellon University
• Kenneth D. Jordan, Professor of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh
• Harold H. Kelley, Professor Emeritus of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
• Martyn Carden Kellman, Emeritus Professor of Geography, York University
• Daniel J. Kevles, J.O. and Juliette Koepfli Professor of the Humanities, California Institute of Technology
• Vera Klement, Artist; Emeritus Professor of Art, University of Chicago
• Arthur Louis Koch, Professor, Department of Microbiology, Indiana University
• Melvin Joel Konner, Professor of Anthropology and Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Emory University
• Josef Krames, Film Maker; Communications Coordinator, The Cleveland Clinic Educational Foundation
• William Bernard Kristan, Jr., Professor of Biology, University of California, San Diego
• Paul Kwilecki, Photographer, Bainbridge, Georgia
• Tsit-Yuen Lam, Professor of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley
• Benjamin Lax, Director Emeritus, Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory, M.I.T., Professor Emeritus of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• Henry Marshall Leicester, Jr., Professor of English Literature, University of California, Santa Cruz
• Hope Jensen Leichter, Elbenwood Professor of Education, Teachers College, Columbia University
• John Anthony Lennon, Composer; Professor of Music, University of Tennessee
• William Carl Lineberger, E. U. Condon Distinguished Professor of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder
• Richard J. Lipton, Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Princeton University
• Peter J. Loewenberg, Professor of History, University of California, Los Angeles
• Mason Ira Lowance, Jr., Professor of English, University of Massachusetts Amherst
• Tom C. Lubensky, Mary Amanda Wood Professor of Physics, University of Pennsylvania
• Robert E. Lucas, Jr., John Dewey Distinguished Service Professor of Economics, University of Chicago
• Pedro Lujan, Artist, New York City
• William A. Lundberg, Artist; Professor of Art, University of Texas at Austin
• Paul Michael Lützeler, Rosa May Distinguished University Professor in the Humanities, Washington University in St. Louis
• Bernd Magnus, Professor of Philosophy; director, Center for Ideas and Society, University of California, Riverside
• William Maguire, Photographer; Professor of Visual Arts, Florida International University
• Alfred K. Mann, Bernard & Ida Grossman Professor of Physics, University of Pennsylvania
• Zohar Manna, Professor of Computer Science, Stanford University
• Peter J. Manning, Professor of English, State University of New York at Stony Brook
• Francisco Márquez-Villanueva, Alice Kingsley Porter Professor of Romance Languages and Literatures, Harvard University
• Marianne W. Martin, Deceased. Fine Arts Research
• William Martin McClain, Professor of Chemistry, Wayne State University
• Paul A. McDonough, Photographer; Adjunct Associate Professor, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, NY: 1981.
• Brooks McNamara, Professor of Performance Studies, New York University: 1981.
• Michael R. McVaugh, Professor of History, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: 1981.
• Devon W. Meek, Deceased. Chemistry: 1981.
• Jeffrey Mehlman, Associate Professor of French, Boston University: 1981.
• Thomas R. Metcalf, Professor of History, University of California, Berkeley: 1981.
• Michael Mewshaw, Writer, Charlottesville, Virginia: 1981.
• John Meyendorff, Deceased. Religion: 1981.
• W. J. T. Mitchell, Professor of English, University of Chicago: 1981.
• Luke W. Mo, Professor of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University: 1981.
• Mauricio Montal, Professor of Biology, Adjunct Professor Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego: 1981.
• Roy P. Mottahedeh, Gurney Professor of History and Director, Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Harvard University: 1981.
• Lavonne Mueller, Playwright, New York City: 1981.
• Carol Muske, Poet; Professor of English and Creative Writing, University of Southern California: 1981.
• Joel Arthur Myerson, Carolina Distinguished Professor of American Literature, University of South Carolina: 1981.
• Tetsuo Najita, Robert S. Ingersoll Distinguished Service Professor in History and Japanese Studies, University of Chicago: 1981.
• Kenneth Henry Nealson, Senior Research Scientist, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California: 1981.
• Colbert Ivor Nepaulsingh, Associate Vice President for Academic Affairs, SUNY-Albany: 1981.
• Charles Eric Neu, Professor of History, Brown University: 1981.
• Laura Mené Newman, Artist; Instructor, Cooper Union, New York: 1981.
• James Carson Nohrnberg, Professor of English, University of Virginia: 1981.
• Tim O'Brien, Writer, Cambridge, Massachusetts: 1981.
• Sharon Olds, director, Creative Writing Program, New York University: 1981.
• Albert Padwa, William Patterson Timmie Professor of Chemistry, Emory University: 1981.
• Robert Treat Paine, Emeritus Professor of Zoology, University of Washington: 1981.
• Nell Irvin Painter, Professor of History; Acting Director, Afro-American Studies Program, Princeton University: 1981.
• Thomas Lee Pangle, Professor of Political Science, University of Toronto: 1981.
• Loren Wayne Partridge, Professor of the History of Art, University of California, Berkeley: 1981.
• John F. Peck, Poet, Cambridge, Massachusetts: 1981.
• Marjorie G. Perloff, Sadie Dernham Patek Professor Emeritus of Humanities, Stanford University: 1981.
• Lewis Curtis Perry, John Francis Bannon Professor of History and American Studies, St. Louis University: 1981. Honoring John Francis Bannon
• William Samuel Peterson, Professor of English, University of Maryland at College Park: 1981.
• Tobias Picker, Composer, New York City
• Charles R. Plott, Edward S. Harkness Professor of Economics and Political Science, California Institute of Technology: 1981.
• Joel Porte, Ernest I. White Professor of American Studies and Humane Letters, Cornell University: 1981.
• Joanna Pousette-Dart, Painter, New York City: 1981.
• Curtis Alexander Price, Principal, The Royal Academy of Music, London: 1981.
• Maureen Quilligan, May Department Stores Company Professor of English, University of Pennsylvania: 1981.
• Alexander Rabinowitch, Professor of History and Dean of International Programs, Indiana University: 1981.
• Vladimir Rif, Film Maker, New York City: 1981.
• Lawrence Rosen, Chair, Professor of Anthropology, Princeton University: 1981.
• Alexander Rosenberg, Former Professor of Philosophy, University of California, Riverside: 1981.
• Margaret W. Rossiter, Marie Underhill Noll Professor of the History of Science, Cornell University: 1981.
• Meridel Rubenstein, Photographer; Instructor, Santa Fe Community College: 1981.
• Sara Rudner, Choreographer, New York City; director, Dance Program, Sarah Lawrence College: 1981
• Richard Ruland, Professor of English, Washington University in St. Louis
• Michael Ryan, Poet, Professor of English, University of California, Irvine: 1981.
• Harvey Sachs, Writer, Arezzo, Italy: 1981.
• Wendy Lang Salinger, Poet, Wainscott, New York: 1981.
• Nicolás Sánchez-Albornoz, Kenan Professor Emeritus of History, New York University: 1981.
• Michael Schaller, Professor of History, University of Arizona: 1981.
• James Schevill, Writer; Retired Professor of English, Brown University: 1981.
• Thomas J. Schopf, Deceased. Biology: 1981.
• James Marcus Schuyler, Deceased. Poetry: 1981.
• Paul A. Schweitzer, Professor of Mathematics, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro: 1981.
• Arden Scott, Artist, Greenport, New York: 1981.
• Nicholas Z. Scoville, Professor of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology: 1981.
• Andrew Tennant Scull, Professor of Sociology and Science Studies, University of California, San Diego: 1981.
• Meryle Secrest, Writer, Rockville, Maryland: 1981.
• Charles P. Segal, Walter C. Klein Professor of the Classics, Harvard University: 1981.
• Julius L. Shaneson, Professor of Mathematics, and Francis J. Carey Chair, University of Pennsylvania: 1981.
• Ntozake Shange, Writer, Philadelphia: 1981.
• Peter L. Shillingsburg, Professor of English, University of North Texas: 1981.
• Raymond Siever, Emeritus Professor of Geology, Harvard University: 1981.
• Burton Herbert Singer, Professor of Demography and Public Affairs, Princeton University: 1981.
• Meredith Anne Skura, Professor of English, Rice University: 1981.
• Thomas O. Sloane, Professor Emeritus of Rhetoric, University of California, Berkeley: 1981.
• Dave Smith, Boyd Professor of English, Louisiana State University, and Coeditor, The Southern Review, Baton Rouge: 1981.
• Roger M. Spanswick, Professor of Plant Physiology, Cornell University: 1981.
• Roswell Howard Spears, Film Maker; director, James Agee Film Project, State College, Pennsylvania: 1981.
• J. E. R. Staddon, James B. Duke Professor of Psychology and Professor of Zoology, Duke University: 1981.
• Paul Elliot Starr, Professor of Sociology, Princeton University; co-editor, The American Prospect: 1981.
• W. Clark Still, Jr., Professor of Chemistry, Columbia University: 1981.
• Tison C. Street, Composer, Boston, Massachusetts: 1981.
• Barry G. Stroud, Professor of Philosophy, University of California, Berkeley: 1981.
• John Floyd Sturgeon, Video Artist, Troy, New York: 1981.
• Jon Swan, Writer, Canaan, Connecticut; associate editor, School of Journalism, Columbia University: 1981.
• Larry Michael Sweet, Engineer, Burlington, Connecticut: 1981
• Stanley Jeyaraja Tambiah, Professor of Anthropology and Curator of Southeast Asian Ethnology in the Peabody Museum, Harvard University: 1981.
• Saul Arno Teukolsky, Hans A. Bethe Professor of Physics and Astronomy, Cornell University: 1981.
• Leonard M. Thompson, Charles T. Stillé Professor Emeritus of History, Yale University; director, Southern African Research Program, Yale: 1981.
• Leslie L. Threatte, Jr., Professor of Classics, University of California, Berkeley: 1981.
• Janet Margaret Todd, Fellow, Sussex College, Cambridge, England: 1981.
• Marianna Torgovnick, Associate Chair of English Department; Professor of English, Duke University: 1981.
• Robert Edward Tracy, Emeritus Professor of English and Celtic Studies, University of California, Berkeley: 1981.
• Billie Lee Turner II, Milton P. and Alice C. Higgins Professor of Environment and Society, Clark University: 1981.
• Frederick Turner, Writer; Founders Professor, School of Arts and Humanities, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson: 1981.
• Donald Robert Uhlmann, Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson: 1981.
• Eugene Charles Ulrich, Professor of Hebrew Scriptures, University of Notre Dame: 1981.
• John Von Hartz, Writer, New York City: 1981.
• David B. Wake, Professor of Integrative Biology, Curator of Herpetology, and Director, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley: 1981.
• John Walker, Artist, Brookline, Massachusetts: 1981.
• Gerald C. Weales, Professor Emeritus of English, University of Pennsylvania: 1981.
• Michael Weil, Film Maker, San Francisco: 1981.
• Otto Karl Werckmeister, Mary Jane Crowe Distinguished Professor of Art History, Northwestern University: 1981.
• Roger J. B. Wets, Professor of Mathematics, University of California, Davis: 1981.
• David Anthony Wevill, Poet; Associate Professor of English, University of Texas at Austin: 1981.
• Robert Huddleston Wiebe, Emeritus Professor of History, Northwestern University: 1981.
• Henry G. Wilhelm, Writer, Grinnell, Iowa; Director of Research, Preservation Publishing Company: 1981.
• Mira Wilkins, Professor of Economics, Florida International University: 1981.
• Samm-Art Williams, Playwright: 1981.
• Joan Hoff Wilson, Professor of History and Director, Contemporary History Institute, Ohio University: 1981.
• James Irving Wimsatt, Louann and Larry Temple Centennial Professor Emeritus of English, University of Texas at Austin: 1981.
• Saul Winegrad, Professor of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine: 1981.
• David Weaver Wing, Photographer; Coordinator of the Photography Program, Grossmont College: 1981.
• Isaac Witkin, Sculptor, Pemberton, New Jersey: 1981.
• Lee Alan Witters, Eugene W. Leonard Professor of Medicine & Biochemistry; Chief, Endrocine/Metabolism Division, Dartmouth Medical School: 1981.
• Robert Wohl, Professor of History, University of California, Los Angeles: 1981.
• John Womack, Jr., Robert Woods Bliss Professor of Latin American History and Economics, Harvard University: 1981.
• Robert Wayne Woody, Professor of Biochemistry, Colorado State University: 1981.
• Donald E. Worster, Hall Distinguished Professor of American History, University of Kansas: 1981.
• Richard S. Wortman, Professor of History, Columbia University: 1981.
• George T. Wright, Regents Professor Emeritus of English, University of Minnesota: 1981.
• Carl Isaac Wunsch, Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Physical Oceanography, Massachusetts Institute of Technology: 1981.
• Maurice Zeitlin, Professor of Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles: 1981.
• Ramon Zupko, Composer; Emeritus Professor of Music Composition, Western Michigan University: 1981.
• Menachem Zur, Composer; Bronx, New York: 1981.

• Hugo Aréchiga, Chief, Postgraduate and Research Studies, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Mexico City: 1981.
• Reinaldo Arenas, Deceased. Fiction: 1981.
• Lourdes Arizpe, Research Professor of Social Anthropology, College of Mexico, Mexico City: 1981.
• Paulo Bruscky, Artist, Recife, Brazil: 1981.
• Carlos F. Bunge, Senior Research Physicist, Institute of Physics, and Professor of Physics and Chemistry, Biomedical Institute, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City: 1981.
• German Cáceres, Composer; president, El Salvador Council for Music: 1981.
• Adolfo Canitrot, Senior Research Economist, Center for Studies of the State and Society, Buenos Aires: 1981.
• Rodolfo Cerrón-Palomino, Professor of Linguistics and Director, Center for Applied Linguistics, National University of San Marcos, Lima: 1981.
• Miguel Cervantes, Artist, Mexico City: 1981.
• Teresa del Conde, director, Museum of Fine Arts, Bosque de Chapultepec, Mexico City: 1981.
• Luis Frangella, Deceased. Fine Arts: 1981
• Griselda Gambaro, Writer, Buenos Aires: 1981.
• Néstor García Canclini, Research Professor of Social Anthropology, National School of Anthropology and History, Mexico City; director, Center for Documentation and Research, National Institute of Fine Arts, Mexico City: 1981.
• Belita Koiller, Professor of Physics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro: 1981.
• Daniel Leyva, Poet; Assistant Director of Cultural Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Relations, Mexico, D.F.: 1981.
• Sergio Miceli Pessôa de Barros, Fuel Professor of Sociology, University of São Paulo: 1981.
• Lygia Carvalho Pape, Artist; Adjunct Professor, Center for Architecture and Art, Santa Ursula University, Rio de Janeiro: 1981.
• María Blanca París Oddone, Historian, Montevideo: 1981.
• Arnaldo F. Rocha, Professor of Chemistry, University of Amazonas; Research Chemist, National Research Institute of the Amazon, Manaus: 1981.
• José Luis Saborío, Professor of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City: 1981.
• Affonso Romano de Sant'Anna, Poet; Professor of Literature, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro: 1981.
• Juan Pablo Terra, Deceased. Political Science: 1981.
• Patricio von Hildebrand, director, Amazon Research Program, Bogotá: 1981.

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