Jews had lived in the Iberian Peninsula since the Ancient Age, experiencing a Golden Age under Muslim rule. Following the Reconquista and increasing persecution, many of them were expelled from Spain in 1492 and Portugal in 1497. Some of their descendants, known as the Sephardim, settled mainly in North Africa, South-East Europe, the Netherlands, England, and America. Jews were only formally readmitted to the peninsula in the late 19th century. The modern Jewish Iberian population is based on post-war immigration and numbers around 14,000. The following is a list of prominent Iberian Jews arranged by country of origin:

This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy certain standards for completeness. Revisions and additions are welcome.

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• Abraham Aboab Falero (? – 1642), seventeenth century philanthropist.
• Daniel Blaufuks (1963–), photographer.^[1]
• Joshua Benoliel (1873–1932), photojournalist, official photographer for King Carlos I of Portugal.^[2]
• Moisés Bensabat Amzalak (1892–1978),^[3] Milgram, Avraham (2011). Portugal, Salazar, and the Jews. Yad Vashem. p. 34. ISBN 9789653083875.
• Isaac Cardoso (1603/1604 – 1683), physician, philosopher, and polemic writer.^[4]
• Artur Carlos de Barros Basto (1887–1961), author and military captain.^[5]
• Artur Alberto de Campos Henriques (1853–1922), 50th Prime Minister of Portugal.^{[citation needed]}
• Nico Castel (1931–2015) tenor.^[6]
• Uriel da Costa (1585–1640), philosopher.^[7]
• Abraham Curiel (1545–1609), physician.^[8]
• David Curiel (1594–1666), merchant.^[8]
• Jacob Curiel (1587–1664), diplomat, merchant and nobleman.^[8]
• Tatiana Salem Levy (1979–), novelist.^[9]
• Rodrigo Lopez (1517–1594), physician^[10]
• Fernão de Loronha (1470–1540), explorer and merchant.^[11]
• Gracia Mendes Nasi (1510–1569), wealthy women of Renaissance Europe, became a prominent figure in the Ottoman Empire and developed an escape network that hundreds of Conversos.^[12][13]
• Solomon Molcho (1500–1532), mystic and writer.^[14]
• Garcia de Orta (1501–1578), herbalist, naturalist and physician.^[15]
• Pedro Nunes (1502–1578), mathematician, cosmographer, and professor^[16]
• Jacob Rodrigues Pereira (1715–1780), irst teacher of deaf-mutes in France.^[17]
• Daniela Ruah (1983–), actress, dual American citizen^[18]
• Isaac Henrique Sequeira (1738–1816), Lisbon-born French doctor.^[19][20]
• Francisco Sanches (1550 – November 16, 1623), Portuguese born, Spain raised, French skeptic philosopher and physician.
• José Maria Espírito Santo Silva Ricciardi (1954–), economist and banker.^[21]
• David ben Solomon ibn Yahya (1425–1528), rabbi sentenced by King João II to be burned at the stake fled to Corfu.^[22]
• Jacob Tirado (1540–1620), founder of the Spanish-Portuguese community of Amsterdam.^[23]
• Fernando Ulrich (1952–), economist and banking administrator.^[24]
• Samuel Usque (1500–1555), author.^[25]
• Richard Zimler (1956–), American-born author, dual-citizen.^[26][27]

• List of Sephardic Jews
• Sephardi Jews
• History of the Jews in Spain
• Spanish and Portuguese Jews
• Lists of Jews
• List of Portuguese
• List of Spaniards