List_of_Roman_governors_of_Asia

List of Roman governors of Asia

List of Roman governors of Asia

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This is a list of known governors of the Roman province of Asia. Created after 133 BC, the province was eventually reorganized by the emperor Augustus who assigned it to the Senate as a proconsular governorship. The province was divided by Diocletian during his reorganization of the empire during the 290s, and a small portion of the province retained the name. Eventually the province was absorbed into the Thracesian Theme sometime during the seventh century. Many of the dates listed are approximate dates for the holding of the office.

Republican governors of Asia (133–27 BC)

Unless otherwise indicated, entries for the Republican period are based on T.R.S. Broughton, Magistrates of the Roman Republic (1952), vol. II.

Imperial proconsular governors of Asia (27 BC — AD 180)

Governors under Augustus

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from K.M.T. Atkinson, "The Governors of the Province Asia in the Reign of Augustus", Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 7 (1958), pp. 300–330

More information Name, Date proconsul ...

Governors under Tiberius

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Ronald Syme, "Problems about Proconsuls of Asia", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 53 (1983), pp. 191–208

More information Name, Date proconsul ...

Governors under Caligula

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Syme, "Problems about Proconsuls", pp. 191–208

More information Name, Date proconsul ...

Governors under Claudius

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Syme, "Problems about Proconsuls", pp. 191–208

More information Name, Date proconsul ...

Governors under Nero and the Year of Four Emperors

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Syme, "Problems about Proconsuls", pp. 191–208

More information Name, Date proconsul ...

Governors under Vespasian and Titus

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Werner Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139", Chiron, 12 (1982), pp. 284–303

More information Name, Date proconsul ...

Governors under Domitian

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten", pp. 304–323

More information Name, Date proconsul ...

Governors under Nerva and Trajan

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten", pp. 324–362

More information Name, Date proconsul ...

Governors under Hadrian

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139", Chiron, 13 (1983), pp. 147–185

More information Name, Date proconsul ...

Governors under Antoninus Pius

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Syme "The Proconsuls of Asia under Antoninus Pius", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 51 (1983), 271-290

More information Name, Date proconsul ...

Governors under Marcus Aurelius

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Alföldy, Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter den Antoninen (Bonn: Habelt Verlag, 1977) pp. 214–217

More information Name, Date proconsul ...

Imperial proconsular governors of Asia (180 — 285)

Governors under Commodus

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Paul M. M. Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander (Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, 1989), pp. 221f

More information Name, Date proconsul ...

Governors under Septimus Severus

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Ségolène Demougin, "Proconsuls d'Asie sous Septime Sévère, les gouverneurs de la province de 200 à 211", Bulletin de la Société Nationale des Antiquaires de France, 1994 (1996), pp. 323-333

More information Name, Date proconsul ...

Governors under Caracalla

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Paul M. M. Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander (Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, 1989), pp. 224f

More information Name, Date proconsul ...

Governors under Macrinus and Elagabalus

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Paul M. M. Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander (Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, 1989), pp. 225f

More information Name, Date proconsul ...

Governors under Alexander Severus

Unless otherwise stated, the following entries are taken from Paul M. M. Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander (Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, 1989), pp. 226-228

More information Name, Date proconsul ...

Third-century crisis (235–285)

  • Lucius Valerius Messalla Apollinaris[44] (between 236 and 238).
  • Flavius Balbus Diogenianus[45] (between 236 and 238; less likely 250–1)
  • Marcus Asinius Sabinianus[46] (239 or 240)
  • Lucius Egnatius Victor Lollianus[47] (242–245)
  • Flavius Maximillianus Montanus (248/249)[48]
  • Attius Rufinus (250s)[49]
  • Gaius Julius Flavius Proculus Quintilianus (249–250)
  • Gaius Julius Octavius Volusenna Rogatianus (c. 253/256)
  • Marcus Valerius Turbo (250s)[50]
  • Maximillianus (? 260)
  • (?) Tiberius Pollienus Armenius Peregrinus (unknown date, possibly under Valerian)[51]
  • Arellius Fuscus (275)
  • Faltonius Probus (276)
  • Julius Proculus (276)
  • Asclepiodotus (283) (praeses)

Imperial proconsular governors of Asia (285 — 395)

Governors under Diocletian

Governors under Constantine I

Governors under Constantius II

  • Lucius Caelius Montius (c. 340/350)
  • Marinus (c. 351/354)
  • Flavius Magnus (c. 354/359)
  • Mantitheus (before 355)
  • Julianus (360)

Governors under Julian and Jovian

  • Aelius Claudius Dulcitius (361—363)
  • Vitalius (363)

Governors under Valens

  • Helpidius (364)
  • Hormisdas (365)
  • Clearchus (366—367)
  • Eutropius (c. 371/372)
  • Festus (372—378)

Governors under Theodosius I

Imperial proconsular governors of Asia (395 — 491)

Governors under Arcadius

Governors under Theodosius II

  • Flavius Heliodorus (c. 439/442)
  • Proculus (449)

Imperial proconsular governors of Asia (uncertain date)

  • (?) Scaurianus (? late third century)
  • Cassianus (third/fourth century)
  • Cossinius Rufinus (? middle/late third century)
  • Axiochus (? late fourth century)
  • Ambrosius (? late fourth century)
  • Messalinus (fourth/fifth century)
  • Aristus (fourth/fifth century)
  • Constantinus (fourth/fifth century)
  • Nonnus (early fifth century)
  • (?) Ignatius (early/mid fifth century)
  • (?) Zosimianus (early/mid fifth century)
  • Andreas (? fifth century)
  • Flavius Axius Arcadius Phlegethius (late fifth/early sixth century)
  • Damocharis (fourth/sixth century)
  • Theodosius (fifth/sixth century)

Sources

  • Géza Alföldy, Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter der Antoninen, Bonn: Rudolf Habelt Verlag (1977)
  • Barnes, T.D., "Proconsuls of Asia under Caracalla", Phoenix, 40 (1986), pp. 202–205
  • Broughton, T. Robert S., The Magistrates of the Roman Republic, Vol II (1952)
  • Eck, Werner, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139", Chiron, 12 (1982), pp. 281–362; 13 (1983), pp. 147–237.
  • Laale, Hans Willer, Ephesus (Ephesos): An Abbreviated History from Androclus to Constantine XI, WestBow Press (2011)
  • Martindale, J. R.; Jones, A. H. M, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I AD 260–395, Cambridge University Press (1971)
  • Martindale, J. R.; Jones, A. H. M, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. II AD 395–527, Cambridge University Press (1980)
  • Mennen, Inge, Power and Status in the Roman Empire, AD 193-284 (2011)
  • Syme, Ronald, "The Proconsuls of Asia under Antoninus Pius", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 51 (1983), pp. 271–290
  • Syme, Ronald, The Augustan Aristocracy (1986) Clarendon Press.

References

  1. [1]
    Mith. 11, 17, & 24
  2. [2]
    Broughton, MRR, vol. II, p. 67
  3. [3]
    Broughton notes that the dates for his proconsulship depends on two disputed issues: first and foremost is the date of the outbreak of the Third Mithridatic War; second is when Asia was added to his command. (MRR, vol. II pp. 105-107)
  4. [4]
    Broughton, MRR, vol. II p. 138 n.9
  5. [5]
    Broughton, MRR, vol. II p. 297
  6. [6]
    Broughton, MRR, vol. II p. 308
  7. [7]
    Syme, Roman Revolution, p. 266 n. 3
  8. [8]
    Broughton, MRR, vol. II p. 381
  9. [9]
    Syme, The Augustan Aristocracy (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986), p. 208
  10. [10]
    Broughton, MRR, vol. II p. 415
  11. [11]
    Nikos Kikkinos, "The Honorand of the Titilus Tiburtinus: C. Sentius Saturninus?" Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 105 (1995), p. 21–36
  12. [12]
    Augustan Aristocracy, p. 405
  13. [13]
    Syme, Augustan Aristocracy, pp. 62, 405
  14. [14]
    Eilers, "The Proconsulship of P. Cornelius Scipio (Cos. 16 B.C.)", Classical Quarterly, 51 (2001), p. 205
  15. [15]
    Syme and Atkinson prorogate his term; Eilers assigns him a single year
  16. [16]
    Syme, "The Titulus Tiburtinus", in A.R. Birley (ed.), Ronald Syme, Roman Papers (Oxford: Clarenton Press, 1984), vol. III, pp. 869ff
  17. [17]
    Eilers, "Proconsulship", pp. 201-205
  18. [18]
    Atkinson, "Governors of the Province Asia", pp. 314f, 318f
  19. [19]
    Augustan Aristocracy, p. 132
  20. [20]
    Syme, Augustan Aristocracy, p. 337
  21. [21]
    Atkinson notes these proconsulships "must fall within the period 10/11 to 14/15 inclusive, but the precise order is uncertain except for the indications that P. Volusius Saturninus ... is likely to be the latest."
  22. [22]
    Vogel-Weidemann, "Miscellanea zu den Proconsules von Africa und Asia zwischen 14 und 68 n. Chr.", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 46 (1982), p. 268
  23. [23]
    Tacitus, Annales, xiii.1
  24. [24]
    Attilio Degrassi, I fasti consolari dell'Impero Romano dal 30 avanti Cristo al 613 dopo Cristo (Rome, 1952), p. 138
  25. [25]
    Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten", p. 208, Anh. 3
  26. [26]
    CIL V, 875 = ILS 1374
  27. [27]
    Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten", p. 189
  28. [28]
    Eck, "Prokonsuln von Asia in der flavisch-traianischen Zeit", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 45 (1982), p. 151
  29. [29]
    Syme, "Hadrianic Proconsuls of Africa", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 37 (1980), p. 1
  30. [30]
    Géza Alföldy, Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter den Antoninen (Bonn: Habelt Verlag, 1977), p. 211
  31. [31]
    Olli Salomies, "Zu Konsuln der Jahre 115, 135, 195 n.Chr.", Arctos, 23 (1989), pp. 170-176
  32. [32]
    David French, "D. Fonteius Fronto, proconsul (of Asia)" Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 29 (1978), pp. 211-212
  33. [33]
    Michel Christol and Thomas Drew-Bear, "D. Fonteius Fronto, Proconsul de Lycie-Pamphylie", Greek Roman and Byzantine Studies, 32 (1991), pp. 397-413
  34. [34]
    Alföldy, Konsulat und Senatorenstand, p. 379
  35. [35]
    Mennen, Power and Status in the Roman Empire, AD 193-284 (2011), p. 122
  36. [36]
    Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare, p. 222
  37. [37]
    Cornelia Römer, "Diplom für einen Fußsoldaten aus Koptos vom 23. März 179", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 82 (1990), p. 152
  38. [38]
    Christol and Drew-Bear, "Le prince et ses représentants aux limites de l'Asie et de la Galatie: un nouveau questeur et un nouveau proconsul d'Asie sous Septime-Sévère", Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz, 9 (1998), pp. 157f
  39. [39]
    "Proconsuls d'Asie sous Septime Sévère", p. 331
  40. [40]
    "Le prince et ses représentants", p. 160
  41. [41]
    Christol and Drew-Bear, "Le prince et ses représentants", p. 161
  42. [42]
    Jones, "Flavia Politta and Manilius Fuscus", Classical Philology, 84 (1989), pp. 129-136
  43. [43]
    Michel Christol, "Le Proconsulat D'Afrique de L. Marius Maximus Perpetuus Aurelianus", Cahiers du Centre Gustave Glotz, 25 (2014), p. 142
  44. [44]
    Inge Mennen, Power and Status in the Roman Empire, AD 193-284 (2011), p. 123f. May be identical to Lucius Valerius Messalla (consul 214).
  45. [45]
    Peter Herrmann, and Ûzmir Hasan Malay, "Statue Bases of the Mid Third Century A.D. from Smyrna", Epigraphica Anatolica, 36 (2003), pp. 6f
  46. [46]
    Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare, p. 182
  47. [47]
    Herrmann and Malay, "Statue Bases", pp. 1-4
  48. [48]
    Michael Peachin, "Prosopographic Notes from the Law Codes", Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, 84 (1990), pp. 109-111
  49. [49]
    Herrmann and Malay, "Statue Bases", pp. 7-9
  50. [50]
    Herrmann and Malay, "Statue Bases", pp. 9f
  51. [51]
    Mennen, Power and Status, p. 117
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