List_of_Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections

List of Speaker of the United States House of Representatives elections

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An election for speaker of the United States House of Representatives is held when the House first convenes after a general election for its two-year term, or when a sitting speaker dies, resigns, or is removed from the position. The speaker is the political and parliamentary leader of the House, and is simultaneously the body's presiding officer, the de facto leader of the body's majority party, and the institution's administrative head.^[1]

A speaker election is generally held at least every two years; the House has elected a Speaker 129 times since the office was created in 1789.^[2] Traditionally, each political party's caucus/conference selects a candidate for speaker from among its senior leaders prior to the vote, and the majority party's nominee is elected. Prior to 1839, the House elected its speaker by paper ballot, but since, on all but three occasions, has done so by roll call vote.^[1] A majority of votes cast (as opposed to a majority of the full membership of the House) is necessary to elect a speaker. By House precedents, votes of present are not to be included in the official vote total, only votes cast for a person by name are; even so, they have been counted on several occasions.^[3]

If no candidate receives a majority vote, then the roll call is repeated until a speaker is elected. Multiple rounds of voting have been necessary 16 times since 1789, almost all before the American Civil War. In the 20th century only one election went to multiple ballots (in 1923).^[2] In the 21st century, it has happened twice in the same year, in January and in October 2023.

Representatives are not restricted to voting for the candidate nominated by their party, but generally do. Additionally, as the U.S. Constitution does not explicitly state that the speaker must be an incumbent member of the House, it is permissible for representatives to vote for someone who is not a member of the House at the time, and non-members have received a few votes in various speaker elections over the past several years. Nevertheless, every person elected speaker has been a member.^[4]

Altogether, 56 people have served as speaker over the past 235 years; 32 of them served multiple terms and seven of those served nonconsecutive terms. Sam Rayburn holds the record for electoral victories, with 10. He led the House from September 1940 to January 1947, January 1949 to January 1953, and January 1955 to November 1961 (a tenure totaling 17 years).^[5]

Elections from 1901 to 1999

Notes

As the specific number of votes in the 1791 speaker election is not known, a candidate vote percentage is indeterminable.
As the specific number of third ballot votes for others in the 1793 speaker election is not known, candidate vote percentages are indeterminable.
This was the date upon which the House met for the first time during a special session of Congress, convened by presidential proclamation in accordance with Article II, Section 3, Clause 3 of the Constitution; it is not necessarily the start date of the special session.^[11]
Though Bell won the special election thanks to opposition support, he promoted President Jackson's agenda throughout the balance of the 23rd Congress. Bell openly broke with the president, however, in 1835, by endorsing Tennessee Senator Hugh White, rather than Democratic Party nominee Martin Van Buren, as Jackson's successor. Bell was branded a "hypocritical apostate" and expelled from the party.^[38]
Because the 1849 election of Howell Cobb as speaker came as a result of an unconventional rules change, the House adopted a resolution declaring that Cobb had been duly chosen speaker by House members.^[56]
Nathaniel Banks had been a Democrat during the 33rd Congress, but was re-elected to the 34th Congress on the American (Know Nothing) ticket. During his tenure as speaker, Banks changed his political affiliation again, joining the new Republican Party and supporting its first presidential nominee, John C. Frémont, in the 1856 presidential election.^[60]
Because the 1856 election of Nathaniel Banks as speaker came as a result of an unconventional rules change, the House adopted a resolution declaring that Banks had been duly chosen speaker by House members.^[63]
As representatives resigned from Congress to join the Confederacy, or were expelled for supporting the rebellion, their seats were declared vacant. Some representatives were seated during the 37th Congress from: Louisiana (2 of 4), Tennessee (3 of 10) and Virginia (4 of 13). None were seated from Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina or Texas (39 representatives altogether).^[69]
Table shows first ballot vote tally after vote shifts; votes before shifts were: Galusha A. Grow – 71, Francis P. Blair Jr. – 40, John J. Crittenden – 12, John S. Phelps – 7, Clement Vallandingham – 7, Erastus Corning – 6, Samuel S. Cox – 6, William A. Richardson – 3, John A. McClernand – 2, Charles B. Calvert – 1, John W. Crisfield – 1, John W. Noell – 1, George H. Pendleton – 1, and Thaddeus Stevens – 1 (total votes: 159 / votes necessary: 80).^[71]
The 74th Congress was the first U.S. Congress to commence on third day of January, as prescribed by the Twentieth Amendment, Section 2, which had been adopted in 1933.^[135]^[136]
Robert Michel and Robert Walker each received one vote in the 1997 speaker election, even though neither was a member of the House at the time.^[181]
Allen West, Colin Powell and David M. Walker each received votes in the 2013 speaker election, even though none of them were a member of the House at the time.^[181]
Rand Paul, Colin Powell and Jeff Sessions each received one vote in the January 2015 speaker election, even though none of them were a member of the House at the time.^[196]
Colin Powell received one vote in the October 2015 speaker election, even though he was not a member of the House at the time.^[196]
Tammy Duckworth, Stacey Abrams and Joe Biden each received votes in the 2019 speaker election, even though none of them were a member of the House at the time.^[196]
Tammy Duckworth received a vote in the 2021 speaker election, even though she was not a member of the House.^[196]
Lee Zeldin received a vote on the 1st ballot of the January 2023 speaker election, even though he was not a member of the House.
Lee Zeldin received votes on the 1st ballot of the October 2023 speaker election, even though he was not a member of the House.

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[10] As the specific number of votes in the 1791 speaker election is not known, a candidate vote percentage is indeterminable.

[12] As the specific number of third ballot votes for others in the 1793 speaker election is not known, candidate vote percentages are indeterminable.

[Extraordinary-14] This was the date upon which the House met for the first time during a special session of Congress, convened by presidential proclamation in accordance with Article II, Section 3, Clause 3 of the Constitution; it is not necessarily the start date of the special session.^[11]

[42] Though Bell won the special election thanks to opposition support, he promoted President Jackson's agenda throughout the balance of the 23rd Congress. Bell openly broke with the president, however, in 1835, by endorsing Tennessee Senator Hugh White, rather than Democratic Party nominee Martin Van Buren, as Jackson's successor. Bell was branded a "hypocritical apostate" and expelled from the party.^[38]

[61] Because the 1849 election of Howell Cobb as speaker came as a result of an unconventional rules change, the House adopted a resolution declaring that Cobb had been duly chosen speaker by House members.^[56]

[66] Nathaniel Banks had been a Democrat during the 33rd Congress, but was re-elected to the 34th Congress on the American (Know Nothing) ticket. During his tenure as speaker, Banks changed his political affiliation again, joining the new Republican Party and supporting its first presidential nominee, John C. Frémont, in the 1856 presidential election.^[60]

[70] Because the 1856 election of Nathaniel Banks as speaker came as a result of an unconventional rules change, the House adopted a resolution declaring that Banks had been duly chosen speaker by House members.^[63]

[77] As representatives resigned from Congress to join the Confederacy, or were expelled for supporting the rebellion, their seats were declared vacant. Some representatives were seated during the 37th Congress from: Louisiana (2 of 4), Tennessee (3 of 10) and Virginia (4 of 13). None were seated from Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina or Texas (39 representatives altogether).^[69]

[80] Table shows first ballot vote tally after vote shifts; votes before shifts were: Galusha A. Grow – 71, Francis P. Blair Jr. – 40, John J. Crittenden – 12, John S. Phelps – 7, Clement Vallandingham – 7, Erastus Corning – 6, Samuel S. Cox – 6, William A. Richardson – 3, John A. McClernand – 2, Charles B. Calvert – 1, John W. Crisfield – 1, John W. Noell – 1, George H. Pendleton – 1, and Thaddeus Stevens – 1 (total votes: 159 / votes necessary: 80).^[71]

[146] The 74th Congress was the first U.S. Congress to commence on third day of January, as prescribed by the Twentieth Amendment, Section 2, which had been adopted in 1933.^[135]^[136]

[neitherin-194] Robert Michel and Robert Walker each received one vote in the 1997 speaker election, even though neither was a member of the House at the time.^[181]

[notin2013-206] Allen West, Colin Powell and David M. Walker each received votes in the 2013 speaker election, even though none of them were a member of the House at the time.^[181]

[notinJ2015-210] Rand Paul, Colin Powell and Jeff Sessions each received one vote in the January 2015 speaker election, even though none of them were a member of the House at the time.^[196]

[214] Colin Powell received one vote in the October 2015 speaker election, even though he was not a member of the House at the time.^[196]

[2019notin-220] Tammy Duckworth, Stacey Abrams and Joe Biden each received votes in the 2019 speaker election, even though none of them were a member of the House at the time.^[196]

[2021notin-223] Tammy Duckworth received a vote in the 2021 speaker election, even though she was not a member of the House.^[196]

[ZeldinJan2023notin-228] Lee Zeldin received a vote on the 1st ballot of the January 2023 speaker election, even though he was not a member of the House.

[ZeldinOct2023notin-232] Lee Zeldin received votes on the 1st ballot of the October 2023 speaker election, even though he was not a member of the House.

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LOC, 20 Annals of Cong. 54–56 (1809).

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LOC, 26 Annals of Cong. 105–106 (1813).

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LOC, 26 Annals of Cong. 1057 (1814).

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[26] [23]
LOC, 31 Annals of Cong. 398 (1817).

[27] [24]
LOC, 35 Annals of Cong. 702 (1819).

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[29] [26]
LOC, 37 Annals of Cong. 435–438 (1820).

[30] [27]
LOC, 38 Annals of Cong. 514–517 (1821).

[31] [28]
LOC, 41 Annals of Cong. 595 (1823).

[32] [29]
LOC, 19 Cong. Deb. 795 (1825).

[Adams&Stevenson-33] [30]
Adams, C. Francis; Adams, J. Quincy (1906). "John Quincy Adams, and Speaker Andrew Stevenson, of Virginia: An Episode of the Twenty-second Congress (1832)". Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society. Series 2. 19. Cambridge, Massachusetts: John Wilson and Son: 503–553. Retrieved August 10, 2019 – via HathiTrust Digital Library.

[34] [31]
LOC, 4 Cong. Deb. 811 (1827).

[35] [32]
Niles, Hezekiah, ed. (December 12, 1829). "House of Representatives". Niles' Weekly Register. Vol. 37. Baltimore, Maryland: H. Niles. p. 254. Retrieved August 1, 2019 – via HathiTrust Digital Library.

[36] [33]
LOC, 8 Cong. Deb. 1420 (1831).

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Mcfarland, Daniel M. (1996). "Williams, Lewis". NCpedia. Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press. Retrieved August 10, 2019.

[38] [35]
LOC, 10 Cong. Deb. 2136 (1833).

[39] [36]
Bomboy, Scott (September 30, 2015). "Why Boehner's resignation is truly historic for House speakers". Constitution Daily. Philadelphia, PA: National Constitution Center. Retrieved March 4, 2019.

[40] [37]
Parks, Joseph (1950). John Bell of Tennessee. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press. p. 71.

[41] [38]
Parks, Joseph (1950). John Bell of Tennessee. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press. p. 111.

[43] [39]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 23rd Cong., 1st Sess. 421 (1834).

[PolkTNE-44] [40]
Cutler, Wayne (March 1, 2018). "James Knox Polk". Tennessee Encyclopedia. Nashville, TN: Tennessee Historical Society. Retrieved August 4, 2019.

[45] [41]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 24th Cong., 1st Sess. 3 (1835).

[46] [42]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 25th Cong., 1st Sess. 3 (1837).

[47] [43]
Johnston, Alexander (1899). Lalor, John J. (ed.). "Broad Seal War". Cyclopædia of political science, political economy, and of the political history of the United States. New York City: Maynard, Merrill, and Co. p. 309. Retrieved March 1, 2019 – via Hathi Trust Digital Library.

[48] [44]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 26th Cong., 1st Sess. 52 (1839).

[49] [45]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 26th Cong., 1st Sess. 56 (1839).

[50] [46]
"Speaker of the House John White of Kentucky". Historical Highlights. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Historian, U.S. House of Representatives. Retrieved August 7, 2019.

[51] [47]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 27th Cong., 1st Sess. 2 (1841).

[52] [48]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 28th Cong., 1st sess. 3 (1843).

[53] [49]
"Speaker of the House John Wesley Davis of Indiana". Historical Highlights. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Historian, U.S. House of Representatives. Retrieved August 7, 2019.

[54] [50]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 29th Cong., 1st Sess. 2 (1845).

[55] [51]
Brooks, Corey M. (2016). Liberty Power: Antislavery Third Parties and the Transformation of American Politics. University of Chicago Press. pp. 125–127. ISBN 978-0-226-30728-2.

[56] [52]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 30th Cong., 1st Sess. 2 (1847).

[NYT1101860-57] [53]
"The Election of Speaker". The New York Times. January 10, 1860. Retrieved March 3, 2019.

[Ostermeir2015-58] [54]
Ostermeier, Eric (October 30, 2015). "House Speaker Elections by the Numbers". Smart Politics. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Libraries. Retrieved January 11, 2023.

[59] [55]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 31st Cong., 1st Sess. 2 (1849).

[CG311661849-60] [56]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 31st Cong., 1st Sess. 66 (1849).

[62] [57]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 32nd Cong., 1st Sess. 9–10 (1851).

[63] [58]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 33rd Cong., 1st Sess. 2 (1853).

[LSQ2000-64] [59]
Jenkins, Jeffery A.; Nokken, Timothy P. (February 2000). "The Institutional Origins of the Republican Party: Spatial Voting and the House Speakership Election of 1855–56" (PDF). Legislative Studies Quarterly. 25 (1): 114, 128–130. JSTOR 440395. Retrieved February 25, 2019.

[65] [60]
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[67] [61]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 34th Cong., 1st Sess. 3 (1855).

[68] [62]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 34th Cong., 1st Sess. 337 (1856).

[69] [63]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 34th Cong., 1st Sess. 341 (1856).

[71] [64]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 35th Cong., 1st Sess. 2 (1857).

[72] [65]
Freehling, William W. (2007). The Road To Disunion: Volume 2: Secessionists Triumphant, 1854–1861. New York City: Oxford University Press. pp. 247–265. ISBN 978-0-19-505815-4. Retrieved March 18, 2019.

[73] [66]
Crenshaw, Ollinger (December 1942). "The Speakership Contest of 1859-1860: John Sherman's Election a Cause of Disruption?". Mississippi Valley Historical Review. 29 (3). Oxford University Press on behalf of Organization of American Historians: 323–338. doi:10.2307/1897913. JSTOR 1897913.

[74] [67]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 36th Cong., 1st Sess. 2 (1859).

[75] [68]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 36th Cong., 1st Sess. 650 (1860).

[Martis1989HistAtlas-76] [69]
Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress: 1789-1989. Prentice Hall. p. 114. ISBN 0-02-920170-5.

[78] [70]
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[CG37C1S41861-79] [71]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 37th Cong., 1st Sess. 4 (1861).

[81] [72]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 38th Cong., 1st Sess. 7–8 (1863).

[82] [73]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 39th Cong., 1st Sess. 5 (1865).

[83] [74]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 40th Cong., 1st Sess. 4 (1867).

[84] [75]
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[85] [76]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 40th Cong., 3rd Sess. 1868 (1869).

[86] [77]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 41st Cong., 1st Sess. 4–5 (1869).

[87] [78]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 42nd Cong., 1st Sess. 6 (1871).

[88] [79]
LOC, Cong. Globe, 43rd Cong., 1st Sess. 6 (1873).

[KerrHH-89] [80]
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[91] [82]
GPO, 4 Cong. Rec. 167 (1876).

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GPO, 5 Cong. Rec. 6 (1877).

[95] [86]
GPO, 6 Cong. Rec. 53 (1877).

[NOdD03191879-96] [87]
"The Extra Session. Organization Of Both Branches Of Congress Yesterday". The New Orleans daily Democrat. New Orleans, Louisiana. March 19, 1879. Retrieved July 7, 2019 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers, Library of Congress.

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GPO, 9 Cong. Rec. 5 (1879).

[98] [89]
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[99] [90]
GPO, 13 Cong. Rec. 8–9 (1882).

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[101] [92]
GPO, 15 Cong. Rec. 4–5 (1884).

[102] [93]
GPO, 17 Cong. Rec. 106–107 (1886).

[103] [94]
GPO, 19 Cong. Rec. 6 (1888).

[104] [95]
Grant, James (2011). Mr. Speaker!: The Life and Times of Thomas B. Reed – The Man Who Broke the Filibuster. New York City: Simon & Schuster. pp. 253–254. ISBN 978-1-4165-4493-7.

[105] [96]
GPO, 21 Cong. Rec. 80–81 (1890).

[CrispNGE-106] [97]
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[107] [98]
GPO, 23 Cong. Rec. 7–8 (1892).

[108] [99]
GPO, 25 Cong. Rec. 200–201 (1893).

[SWM1914TBR-109] [100]
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[110] [101]
GPO, 28 Cong. Rec. 3–4 (1896).

[111] [102]
GPO, 30 Cong. Rec. 14 (1897).

[112] [103]
Glass, Andrew (December 4, 2015). "First House speaker from west of the Mississippi elected, Dec. 4, 1899". Politico. Retrieved August 5, 2019.

[113] [104]
GPO, 33 Cong. Rec. 4–5 (1900).

[114] [105]
"Fifty-seventh Congress (with time-honored ceremonies) Is Formally Assembled". The St. Louis Republic. St. Louis, Missouri. December 3, 1901. Retrieved August 13, 2019 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers, Library of Congress.

[115] [106]
GPO, 35 Cong. Rec. 44 (1902).

[116] [107]
GPO, 37 Cong. Rec. 147–148 (1903).

[117] [108]
GPO, 40 Cong. Rec. 40–41 (1906).

[118] [109]
GPO, 42 Cong. Rec. 4–5 (1908).

[119] [110]
"CANNON STILL HOLDS POWER IN THE HOUSE; Some Democrats, Led by Fitzgerald of Brooklyn, Desert Rules Insurgents. SPEAKER IS RE-ELECTED Minor Modifications Made In the Rules by Brooklyn Man's Resolution – Champ Clark Routed". The New York Times. March 16, 1909. Retrieved July 28, 2019 – via The Times's print archive.

[120] [111]
Margulies, Herbert F. (1996). Reconciliation and Revival: James R. Mann and the House Republicans in the Wilson Era. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 13–17. ISBN 0-313-29817-3. Retrieved July 28, 2019.

[121] [112]
GPO, 44 Cong. Rec. 17–18 (1909).

[122] [113]
"CONGRESS OPENS; CLARK SPEAKER; Great Enthusiasm as Democrats Rule the House for First Time in Sixteen Years". The New York Times. April 5, 1911. Retrieved August 9, 2019 – via The Times's print archive.

[123] [114]
GPO, 47 Cong. Rec. 6–7 (1911).

[FOOTNOTEHeitshusen20235-124] [115]
Heitshusen 2023, p. 5.

[125] [116]
GPO, 50 Cong. Rec. 63–64 (1913).

[126] [117]
GPO, 53 Cong. Rec. 5–6 (1915).

[127] [118]
"With House Organized President Will Read His Address Tonight. Single Ballot Proves Sufficient To Re-elect Champ Clark As Speaker. Speaker Of The House And His Republican Opponent. Every Democrat Voted For Clark For Speakership: Four Republican Votes Were Scattered and Two Voted Present". The Butte daily post. April 2, 1917. Retrieved July 28, 2019 – via Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers, Library of Congress.

[128] [119]
GPO, 55 Cong. Rec. 106–108 (1917).

[129] [120]
Glass, Andrew (May 10, 2010). "GOP assumes control of Congress, May 19, 1919". Politico. Retrieved July 29, 2019.

[130] [121]
GPO, 58 Cong. Rec. 7–8 (1919).

[131] [122]
GPO, 61 Cong. Rec. 79–80 (1921).

[132] [123]
Wolfensberger, Don (December 12, 2018). "Opening day of new Congress: Not always total joy". The Hill. Retrieved February 20, 2019.

[133] [124]
GPO, 65 Cong. Rec. 8 (1923).

[134] [125]
GPO, 65 Cong. Rec. 15 (1923).

[135] [126]
"Insurgents Of House Strike Blow At Brilliant Opening. Longworth is Speaker". South Haven Daily Tribune. December 7, 1925. Retrieved July 28, 2019 – via Newspaper Archive.

[136] [127]
GPO, 67 Cong. Rec. 379–381 (1925).

[137] [128]
GPO, 69 Cong. Rec. 7–8 (1927).

[138] [129]
GPO, 71 Cong. Rec. 23–24 (1929).

[139] [130]
"The Opening of the 72nd Congress: December 07, 1931". Historical Highlights. Washington, D.C.: Historian, Clerk of the U.S. House. Retrieved July 25, 2019.

[140] [131]
Ritchie, Donald A. (November 3, 2010). "A Look Back At The Midterm Election Of 1930". All Things Considered (Interview). Interviewed by Robert Siegel. Washington, D.C.: NPR. Retrieved July 25, 2019.

[141] [132]
GPO, 75 Cong. Rec. 7–8 (1932).

[RH2014KF-142] [133]
Hill, Ray (October 19, 2014). "Mr. Speaker: Henry T. Rainey of Illinois". The Knoxville Focus. Knoxville, TN. Archived from the original on July 27, 2019. Retrieved July 26, 2019.

[143] [134]
GPO, 77 Cong. Rec. 69–70 (1933).

[144] [135]
"The 20th Amendment: January 03, 1935". Historical Highlights. Washington, D.C.: Historian, Clerk of the U.S. House. Retrieved July 25, 2019.

[145] [136]
Nagle, John Copeland. "Essays on Amendment XX: Presidential Terms". Heritage Guide to the Constitution. Heritage Foundation. Retrieved July 26, 2019.

[147] [137]
"Congress Hears President's Message". The Troy Free Press. Troy, Missouri. January 11, 1935. Retrieved July 26, 2019 – via NewspaperArchive.

[148] [138]
GPO, 79 Cong. Rec. 10–11 (1935).

[149] [139]
Catledge, Turner (June 5, 1936). "Byrns's Death Bars Adjournment; House Elects Bankhead Speaker; Plan to Quit Monday Abandoned — Week of June 15 Now Set — Recesses During Republican Convention — Tax Bill Is Slated to Go to Conference Tomorrow. DEATH OF SPEAKER BARS ADJOURNMENT". The New York Times. Retrieved March 20, 2019 – via The Times's print archive.

[150] [140]
GPO, 80 Cong. Rec. 9016 (1936).

[151] [141]
GPO, 81 Cong. Rec. 11 (1937).

[152] [142]
GPO, 84 Cong. Rec. 10–11 (1939).

[153] [143]
GPO, 86 Cong. Rec. 12231 (1940).

[154] [144]
GPO, 87 Cong. Rec. 6–7 (1941).

[155] [145]
GPO, 89 Cong. Rec. 6 (1943).

[156] [146]
GPO, 91 Cong. Rec. 7–8 (1945).

[FOOTNOTEHeitshusen20236-157] [147]
Heitshusen 2023, p. 6.

[158] [148]
GPO, 93 Cong. Rec. 34–35 (1947).

[159] [149]
GPO, 95 Cong. Rec. 8–9 (1949).

[160] [150]
GPO, 97 Cong. Rec. 7 (1951).

[161] [151]
Morris, John D. (January 4, 1953). "Martin, Sworn as Speaker, Slates Tax Reduction First; House's First Bill Proposes Tax Cut". The New York Times. Retrieved March 28, 2019 – via The Times's print archive.

[162] [152]
GPO, 99 Cong. Rec. 12–13 (1953).

[163] [153]
GPO, 101 Cong. Rec. 8–9 (1955).

[164] [154]
GPO, 103 Cong. Rec. 45 (1957).

[165] [155]
GPO, 105 Cong. Rec. 12 (1959).

[166] [156]
GPO, 107 Cong. Rec. 22 (1961).

[167] [157]
"The Congress: Mr. Speaker". TIME. Vol. 79, no. 3. January 19, 1962. Retrieved August 21, 2019.

[168] [158]
GPO, 108 Cong. Rec. 5 (1962).

[169] [159]
GPO, 109 Cong. Rec. 11 (1963).

[170] [160]
GPO, 111 Cong. Rec. 17 (1965).

[171] [161]
GPO, 113 Cong. Rec. 12 (1967).

[172] [162]
GPO, 115 Cong. Rec. 13 (1969).

[173] [163]
"The Nation: The Coming Battle Between President and Congress". TIME. Vol. 97, no. 5. February 1, 1971. Retrieved August 21, 2019.

[174] [164]
GPO, 117 Cong. Rec. 10 (1971).

[175] [165]
GPO, 119 Cong. Rec. 12 (1973).

[176] [166]
GPO, 121 Cong. Rec. 17 (1975).

[177] [167]
GPO, 123 Cong. Rec. 50 (1977).

[178] [168]
GPO, 125 Cong. Rec. 4 (1979).

[179] [169]
GPO, 127 Cong. Rec. 94 (1981).

[180] [170]
GPO, 129 Cong. Rec. 30 (1983).

[181] [171]
GPO, 131 Cong. Rec. 378 (1985).

[182] [172]
GPO, 133 Cong. Rec. 2 (1987).

[183] [173]
GPO, 135 Cong. Rec. 67 (1989).

[184] [174]
Smith, Timothy R. (May 6, 2015). "Jim Wright, House speaker who resigned amid an ethics investigation, dies at 92". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 6, 2019.

[185] [175]
"Foley Accepts Gavel, Calls on GOP, Democrats to 'Put Away Bitterness'". The Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. June 6, 1989. Retrieved August 21, 2019.

[186] [176]
GPO, 135 Cong. Rec. 10800 (1989).

[187] [177]
GPO, 137 Cong. Rec. 36 (1991).

[188] [178]
GPO, 139 Cong. Rec. 45 (1993).

[189] [179]
Cooper, Kenneth J.; Dewar, Helen Dewar (January 5, 1995). "Passing the Torch on Capitol Hill". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 11, 2019.

[190] [180]
GPO, 141 Cong. Rec. 439 (1995).

[FOOTNOTEHeitshusen20237-191] [181]
Heitshusen 2023, p. 7.

[EJOstermeier-192] [182]
Ostermeier, Eric (November 1, 2015). "Notable House Speaker Votes Over the Decades". Smart Politics. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Libraries. Retrieved February 11, 2019.

[193] [183]
GPO, 143 Cong. Rec. 115 (1997).

[195] [184]
GPO, 145 Cong. Rec. 42 (1999).

[196] [185]
GPO, 147 Cong. Rec. 20 (2001).

[197] [186]
GPO, 149 Cong. Rec. 3–4 (2003).

[198] [187]
GPO, 151 Cong. Rec. 37 (2005).

[199] [188]
Branigin, William (January 4, 2007). "Pelosi Sworn in as First Woman Speaker of the House". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 11, 2019.

[200] [189]
GPO, 153 Cong. Rec. 2 (2007).

[201] [190]
GPO, 155 Cong. Rec. 3 (2009).

[202] [191]
Jenkins, Jeffrey (January 6, 2011). "Pelosi makes history again". Politico. Retrieved August 5, 2019.

[203] [192]
GPO, 157 Cong. Rec. 75 (2011).

[204] [193]
Cohen, Micah (January 4, 2013). "Were the G.O.P. Votes Against Boehner a Historic Rejection?". The New York Times. Retrieved January 26, 2019.

[205] [194]
GPO, 159 Cong. Rec. 21 (2013).

[207] [195]
Walsh, Deirdre (January 6, 2015). "Boehner Overcomes Big Opposition to Remain Speaker". CNN. Retrieved January 25, 2019.

[FOOTNOTEHeitshusen20238-208] [196]
Heitshusen 2023, p. 8.

[209] [197]
GPO, 161 Cong. Rec. 29 (2015).

[211] [198]
Shesgreen, Deirdre; Allen, Cooper (September 25, 2015). "Speaker John Boehner to resign from Congress". USA Today. Retrieved February 4, 2019.

[212] [199]
Walsh, Deirdre (October 29, 2015). "Paul Ryan elected House speaker". CNN. Retrieved August 21, 2019.

[213] [200]
GPO, 161 Cong. Rec. 16822 (2015).

[215] [201]
Peterson, Kristina; Hughes, Siobhan (January 3, 2017). "Paul Ryan Is Re-Elected House Speaker". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 14, 2019.

[216] [202]
"163 Cong. Rec. H3–4 (2017)" (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Government Publishing Office. January 3, 2017. Retrieved February 4, 2019.

[217] [203]
McPherson, Lindsey (January 3, 2019). "Pelosi elected speaker with 15 Democratic defections". Roll Call. Retrieved February 5, 2019.

[218] [204]
Bresnahan, John; Caygle, Heather; Bade, Rachael (January 3, 2019). "The survivor: Nancy Pelosi makes history — again". Politico. Retrieved January 25, 2019.

[219] [205]
"165 Cong. Rec. H2–4 (2019)" (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Government Publishing Office. January 3, 2019. Retrieved February 7, 2019.

[221] [206]
Pergram, Chad (January 3, 2021). "Pelosi faces trickiest speaker election yet as Democrats begin new Congress with slim majority". Fox News. Retrieved January 3, 2021.

[222] [207]
"House – January 3, 2021" (PDF). Congressional Record. 167 (1). U.S. Government Printing Office: H4. Retrieved October 9, 2023.

[224] [208]
Debusmann, Bernd; Murphy, Matt (January 7, 2023). "Kevin McCarthy elected US House Speaker after 15 rounds of voting". BBC News. Retrieved January 7, 2023.

[225] [209]
McCartney, Allison; Parlapiano, Alicia; Wu, Ashley; Zhang, Christine; Williams, Josh; Cochrane, Emily; Murphy, John-Michael (January 6, 2023). "Vote Count: McCarthy Elected House Speaker After 15 Ballots". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 6, 2023. Retrieved January 7, 2023.

[FOOTNOTEHeitshusen20239-226] [210]
Heitshusen 2023, p. 9.

[227] [211]
"House – January 3, 2023" (PDF). Congressional Record. 169 (1). U.S. Government Printing Office: H4–H5. Retrieved October 9, 2023.

[229] [212]
"House – January 6, 2023" (PDF). Congressional Record. 169 (6). U.S. Government Printing Office: H44. Retrieved October 9, 2023.

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Sangal, Aditi; Vogt, Adrienne; Hammond, Elise; Choudhury, Maureen; Hayes, Mike (October 4, 2023). "October 3, 2023 – Kevin McCarthy ousted as Speaker of the House". CNN. Retrieved October 6, 2023.

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Mascaro, Lisa; Groves, Stephanie; Amiri, Farnoush; Freking, Kevin (October 24, 2023). "Republicans nominate Mike Johnson for House speaker after Emmer's withdrawal, desperate to end chaos". Associated Press News. Retrieved October 25, 2023.

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Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Pro-Administration	Frederick Muhlenberg (PA at-large)	23	76.67
	—	Others	7	23.33
Total votes			30	100
Votes necessary			16	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Pro-Administration	Jonathan Trumbull Jr. (CT at-large)	*Majority*	^{[lower-alpha 1]}00
Total votes			(?)	100
Votes necessary			(?)	>50

December 2, 1793 – 1st ballot
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Pro-Administration	Theodore Sedgwick (MA 2)	24	36.36
	Anti-Administration	Frederick Muhlenberg (PA at-large)	21	31.82
	Anti-Administration	Abraham Baldwin (GA at-large)	14	21.22
	—	Others	7	10.60
Total votes:			66	100
Votes necessary:			34	>50
December 2, 1793 – 3rd Ballot
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Anti-Administration	Frederick Muhlenberg (PA at-large)	37	^{[lower-alpha 2]}
	Pro-Administration	Theodore Sedgwick (MA 2)	27
	—	Others	(?)
Total votes:			64+	100
Votes necessary:			~34	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Federalist	Jonathan Dayton (NJ at-large)	46	58.23
	Democratic-Republican	Frederick Muhlenberg (PA 2) (incumbent)	31	39.24
	—	Others	2	2.53
Total votes			79	100
Votes necessary			40	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Federalist	Jonathan Dayton (NJ at-large) (incumbent)	78	97.50
	Federalist	George Dent (MD 1)	1	1.25
	Democratic-Republican	Abraham Baldwin (GA at-large)	1	1.25
Total votes			80	100
Votes necessary			41	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic-Republican	Nathaniel Macon (NC 5) (incumbent)	53	65.43
	Federalist	James A. Bayard (DE at-large)	26	32.10
	Federalist	John C. Smith (CT at-large)	2	2.47
Total votes			81	100
Votes necessary			41	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic-Republican	Nathaniel Macon (NC 6) (incumbent)	76	71.03
	Democratic-Republican	Joseph Varnum (MA 4)	30	28.04
	Democratic-Republican	John Dawson (VA 10)	1	0.93
Total votes			107	100
Votes necessary			054	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic-Republican	Joseph Varnum (MA 4)	59	50.43
	Federalist	Charles Goldsborough (MD 8)	17	14.53
	Democratic-Republican	Burwell Bassett (VA 12)	17	14.53
	Democratic-Republican	Josiah Masters (NY 10)	8	6.84
	Democratic-Republican	Thomas Blount (NC 3)	7	5.98
	—	Others	9	7.69
Total votes			117	100
Votes necessary			059	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic-Republican	Henry Clay (KY 2)	75	63.03
	Democratic-Republican	William W. Bibb (GA at-large)	38	31.93
	Democratic-Republican	Nathaniel Macon (NC 6)	3	2.52
	Democratic-Republican	Hugh Nelson (VA 21)	2	1.68
	Democratic-Republican	Burwell Bassett (VA 12)	1	0.84
Total votes			119	100
Votes necessary			060	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic-Republican	Henry Clay (KY 5) (incumbent)	89	60.13
	Federalist	Timothy Pitkin (CT at-large)	54	36.49
	—	Others	5	3.38
Total votes			148	100
Votes necessary			075	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic-Republican	Langdon Cheves (SC 1)	94	56.97
	Democratic-Republican	Felix Grundy (TN 5)	59	35.76
	—	Others	12	7.27
Total votes			165	100
Votes necessary			83	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic-Republican	Henry Clay (KY 2)	87	71.31
	Democratic-Republican	Hugh Nelson (VA 22)	13	10.65
	Federalist	Timothy Pitkin (CT at-large)	9	7.38
	Democratic-Republican	Nathaniel Macon (NC 6)	7	5.74
	Federalist	Joseph Lewis Jr. (VA 8)	2	1.64
	Federalist	Timothy Pickering (MA 3)	1	0.82
	—	Blank	3	2.46
Total votes			122	100
Votes necessary			62	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic-Republican	Henry Clay (KY 2) (incumbent)	143	95.33
	Democratic-Republican	Samuel Smith (MD 5)	6	4.00
	—	Blank	1	0.67
Total votes			150	100
Votes necessary			76	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic-Republican	Henry Clay (KY 2) (incumbent)	147	94.84
	—	Others	8	5.16
Total votes			155	100
Votes necessary			78	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic-Republican	Henry Clay (KY 3)	139	76.80
	Democratic-Republican	Philip P. Barbour (VA 11) (incumbent)	42	23.20
Total votes			181	100
Votes necessary			91	>50

1825 election for speaker^[29]
December 5, 1825 – 1st ballot
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Adams	John W. Taylor (NY 17)	89	45.88
	Adams	John W. Campbell (OH 5)	41	21.13
	Jackson	Louis McLane (DE at-large)	36	18.55
	Jackson	Andrew Stevenson (VA 16)	17	8.76
	Adams	Lewis Condict (NJ at-large)	6	3.10
	—	Others	5	2.58
Total votes:			194	100
Votes necessary:			098	>50
December 5, 1825 – 2nd ballot
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Adams	John W. Taylor (NY 17)	99	51.30
	Jackson	Louis McLane (DE at-large)	44	22.80
	Adams	John W. Campbell (OH 5)	42	21.76
	Jackson	Andrew Stevenson (VA 16)	5	2.59
	—	Others	3	1.55
Total votes:			193	100
Votes necessary:			097	>50

1834 special election for speaker^[39]
June 2, 1834 – 1st ballot
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Jacksonian	Richard H. Wilde (GA at-large)	64	29.09
	Jacksonian	James K. Polk (TN 9)	42	19.09
	Jacksonian	Joel B. Sutherland (PA 1)	34	15.45
	Jacksonian	John Bell (TN 7)	30	13.64
	Jacksonian	Jesse Speight (NC 4)	18	8.18
	Jacksonian	James M. Wayne (GA at-large)	15	6.82
	Anti-Jacksonian	Lewis Williams (NC 13)	4	1.82
	Anti-Jacksonian	Edward Everett (MA 4)	3	1.36
	—	Others	6	2.73
	—	Blank	4	1.82
Total votes:			220	100
Votes necessary:			111	>50
June 2, 1834 – 10th ballot
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Jacksonian	John Bell (TN 7)	114	52.29
	Jacksonian	James K. Polk (TN 9)	78	35.78
	Jacksonian	Richard H. Wilde (GA at-large)	11	5.05
	Jacksonian	James M. Wayne (GA at-large)	6	2.75
	Jacksonian	Joel B. Sutherland (PA 1)	2	0.92
	Jacksonian	Jesse Speight (NC 4)	1	0.46
	—	Blank	6	2.75
Total votes:			218	100
Votes necessary:			110	>50

1835 election for speaker^[41]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Jacksonian	James K. Polk (TN 9)	132	58.67
	Anti-Jacksonian	John Bell (TN 7) (incumbent)	84	37.33
	Anti-Jacksonian	Charles F. Mercer (VA 14)	3	1.33
	Anti-Masonic	John Quincy Adams (MA 12)	2	0.89
	Anti-Jacksonian	Francis Granger (NY 26)	1	0.44
	—	Blank	3	1.33
Total votes			225	100
Votes necessary			113	>50

1839 election for speaker
December 14, 1839 – 1st ballot^[44]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John W. Jones (VA 3)	113	48.09
	Whig	John Bell (TN 7)	102	43.40
	Whig	William Dawson (GA at-large)	11	4.68
	Democratic	Francis W. Pickens (SC 5)	5	2.13
	Democratic	Dixon H. Lewis (AL 4)	3	1.28
	Conservative	George W. Hopkins (VA 18)	1	0.42
Total votes:			235	100
Votes necessary:			118	>50
December 16, 1839 – 11th ballot^[45]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Whig	Robert M. T. Hunter (VA 9)	119	51.29
	Democratic	John W. Jones (VA 3)	55	23.71
	Democratic	George M. Keim (PA 9)	24	10.35
	Democratic	Zadok Casey (IL 2)	10	4.31
	Democratic	Francis W. Pickens (SC 5)	9	3.88
	Democratic	Francis Thomas (MD 6)	3	1.29
	—	Others	12	5.17
Total votes:			232	100
Votes necessary:			117	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Jacksonian	Andrew Stevenson (VA 16)	104	50.73
	Anti-Jacksonian	John W. Taylor (NY 17) (incumbent)	94	45.86
	Jacksonian	Philip P. Barbour (VA 11)	4	1.95
	—	Others	3	1.46
Total votes			205	100
Votes necessary			103	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Jacksonian	Andrew Stevenson (VA 16) (incumbent)	152	79.58
	—	Others	39	20.42
Total votes			191	100
Votes necessary			96	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Jacksonian	Andrew Stevenson (VA 16) (incumbent)	98	50.26
	Jacksonian	Joel B. Sutherland (PA 1)	54	27.69
	Anti-Jacksonian	John W. Taylor (NY 17)	18	9.23
	Jacksonian	Charles A. Wickliffe (KY 9)	15	7.69
	Anti-Jacksonian	Lewis Condict (NJ 1)	4	2.05
	—	Others	6	3.08
Total votes			195	100
Votes necessary			98	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Jacksonian	Andrew Stevenson (VA 11) (incumbent)	142	65.44
	Anti-Jacksonian	Lewis Williams (NC 13)	39	17.97
	Anti-Jacksonian	Edward Everett (MA 4)	15	6.91
	Jacksonian	John Bell (TN 7)	4	1.84
	—	Others	9	4.15
	—	Blank	8	3.69
Total votes			217	100
Votes necessary			109	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	James K. Polk (TN 9) (incumbent)	116	51.79
	Whig	John Bell (TN 7)	103	45.98
	—	Others	5	2.23
Total votes			224	100
Votes necessary			113	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Whig	John White (KY 9)	121	54.75
	Democratic	John W. Jones (VA 3)	84	38.01
	Whig	Henry A. Wise (VA 8)	8	3.62
	Whig	Joseph Lawrence (PA 21)	5	2.26
	Whig	George N. Briggs (MA 7)	1	0.45
	Democratic	Nathan Clifford (ME 1)	1	0.45
	Whig	William C. Johnson (MD 5)	1	0.45
Total votes			221	100
Votes necessary			111	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John W. Jones (VA 6)	128	68.09
	Whig	John White (KY 6) (incumbent)	59	31.38
	Democratic	William Wilkins (PA 21)	1	0.53
Total votes			188	100
Votes necessary			95	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	John W. Davis (IN 6)	119	56.67
	Whig	Samuel F. Vinton (OH 12)	72	34.29
	Democratic	Moses Norris (NH at-large)	9	4.28
	American	William S. Miller (NY 3)	5	2.38
	—	Others	5	2.38
Total votes			210	100
Votes necessary			106	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Linn Boyd (KY 1)	118	55.40
	Whig	Edward Stanly (NC 8)	21	9.86
	Whig	Joseph R. Chandler (PA 2)	20	9.39
	Whig	Thaddeus Stevens (PA 8)	16	7.51
	Democratic	Thomas H. Bayly (VA 7)	8	3.75
	Whig	John L. Taylor (OH 8)	6	2.82
	Whig	Alexander Evans (MD 5)	4	1.88
	Democratic	Thomas S. Bocock (VA 4)	4	1.88
	Whig	Meredith P. Gentry (TN 7)	3	1.41
	Unionist	Junius Hillyer (GA 6)	2	0.94
	—	Others	11	5.16
Total votes			213	100
Votes necessary			107	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Linn Boyd (KY 1) (incumbent)	143	65.90
	Whig	Joseph R. Chandler (PA 2)	35	6.13
	Whig	Lewis D. Campbell (OH 8)	11	5.07
	Whig	Presley Ewing (KY 3)	7	3.23
	Whig	Solomon G. Haven (NY 32)	6	2.77
	Democratic	James L. Orr (SC 5)	4	1.84
	Whig	William Preston (KY 7)	3	1.38
	Whig	John G. Miller (MO 5)	3	1.38
	Whig	Thomas M. Howe (PA 22)	2	0.92
	—	Others	3	1.38
Total votes			217	100
Votes necessary			109	>50

List_of_Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections

Elections from 1789 to 1799

April 1789

October 1791

December 1793

December 1795

May 1797

December 1799

Elections from 1801 to 1899

December 1801

October 1803

December 1805

October 1807

May 1809

November 1811

May 1813

January 1814

December 1815

December 1817

December 1819

November 1820

December 1821

December 1823

December 1825

December 1827

December 1829

December 1831

December 1833

June 1834

December 1835

September 1837

December 1839

May 1841

December 1843

December 1845

December 1847

December 1849

December 1851

December 1853

December 1855 – February 1856

December 1857

December 1859 – February 1860

July 1861

December 1863

December 1865

March 1867

March 1869 (40th Congress)

March 1869 (41st Congress)

March 1871

December 1873

December 1875

December 1876

October 1877

March 1879

December 1881

December 1883

December 1885

December 1887

December 1889

December 1891

August 1893

December 1895

March 1897

December 1899

Elections from 1901 to 1999

December 1901

November 1903

December 1905

December 1907

March 1909

April 1911

April 1913

December 1915

April 1917

May 1919

April 1921

December 1923

December 1925

December 1927

April 1929

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	James L. Orr (SC 5)	128	56.89
	Republican	Galusha A. Grow (PA 14)	84	37.33
	American	Felix Zollicoffer (TN 8)	3	1.33
	Republican	Lewis D. Campbell (OH 3)	3	1.33
	American	H. Winter Davis (MD 4)	2	0.90
	American	James B. Ricaud (MD 2)	2	0.90
	American	Humphrey Marshall (KY 7)	1	0.44
	Republican	Francis P. Blair Jr. (MO 1)	1	0.44
	Republican	Valentine B. Horton (OH 11)	1	0.44
Total votes			225	100
Votes necessary			113	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Galusha A. Grow (PA 14)	99	62.27
	Unionist	John J. Crittenden (KY 8)	12	7.55
	Republican	Francis P. Blair Jr. (MO 1)	11	6.91
	Democratic	John S. Phelps (MO 6)	7	4.40
	Democratic	Clement Vallandingham (OH 3)	7	4.40
	Democratic	Erastus Corning (NY 14)	7	4.40
	Democratic	Samuel S. Cox (OH 12)	6	3.77
	Democratic	William A. Richardson (IL 5)	3	1.89
	Democratic	John A. McClernand (IL 6)	2	1.26
	Unionist	Charles B. Calvert (MD 6)	1	0.63
	Unionist	John W. Crisfield (MD 1)	1	0.63
	Democratic	John W. Noell (MO 7)	1	0.63
	Democratic	George H. Pendleton (OH 1)	1	0.63
	Democratic	Hendrick B. Wright (PA 12)	1	0.63
Total votes			159	100
Votes necessary			080	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Schuyler Colfax (IN 9)	101	55.49
	Democratic	Samuel S. Cox (OH 12)	42	23.08
	Democratic	John L. Dawson (PA 21)	12	6.59
	Unionist	Robert Mallory (KY 5)	10	5.49
	Democratic	Henry G. Stebbins (NY 1)	8	4.40
	Unionist	Austin A. King (MO 1)	6	3.30
	Republican	Francis P. Blair Jr. (MO 6)	2	1.10
	Democratic	John D. Stiles (PA 6)	1	0.55
Total votes			182	100
Votes necessary			092	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Schuyler Colfax (IN 9) (incumbent)	139	79.43
	Democratic	James Brooks (NY 8)	36	20.57
Total votes			175	100
Votes necessary			088	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	Schuyler Colfax (IN 9) (incumbent)	127	80.89
	Democratic	Samuel S. Marshall (IL 11)	30	19.11
Total votes			157	100
Votes necessary			079	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	James G. Blaine (ME 3)	135	70.31
	Democratic	Michael C. Kerr (IN 2)	57	29.69
Total votes			192	100
Votes necessary			097	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	James G. Blaine (ME 3) (incumbent)	126	57.80
	Democratic	George W. Morgan (OH 13)	92	42.20
Total votes			218	100
Votes necessary			110	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Republican	James G. Blaine (ME 3) (incumbent)	189	70.26
	Democratic	Fernando Wood (NY 9)	76	28.25
	Democratic	Samuel S. Cox (NY 6)	2	0.75
	Democratic	Hiester Clymer (PA 8)	1	0.37
	Democratic	Alexander H. Stephens (GA 8)	1	0.37
Total votes			269	100
Votes necessary			135	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Michael C. Kerr (IN 3)	173	61.35
	Republican	James G. Blaine (ME 3) (incumbent)	106	37.59
	Democratic	Alpheus S. Williams (MI 1)	1	0.35
	Independent	William B. Anderson (IL 19)	1	0.35
	Independent	Alexander Campbell (IL 7)	1	0.35
Total votes			282	100
Votes necessary			142	>50

Party		Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic	Samuel J. Randall (PA 3)	162	65.59
	Republican	James A. Garfield (OH 19)	82	33.20
	Republican	Charles G. Williams (WI 1)	1	0.4
	Republican	George F. Hoar (MA 2)	1	0.4
	Democratic	William Ralls Morrison (IL 17)	1	0.4
Total votes			247	100
Votes necessary			124	>50