List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Bangladesh

List of World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh

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The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972.^[1] Cultural heritage consists of monuments (such as architectural works, monumental sculptures, or inscriptions), groups of buildings, and sites (including archaeological sites). Natural features (consisting of physical and biological formations), geological and physiographical formations (including habitats of threatened species of animals and plants), and natural sites which are important from the point of view of science, conservation or natural beauty, are defined as natural heritage.^[2] Bangladesh accepted the convention on 3 August 1983, making its historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list.^[3]

Sundarbans

Paharpur Vihara

Bagerhat

Location of World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh. Red dots are cultural sites, the green dot is a natural site.

There are three World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh, and a further seven on the tentative list.^[3] The first two sites listed were the Mosque City of Bagerhat and the Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur, in 1985. Both sites are cultural. The most recent site, the Sundarbans, was listed in 1997 and is a natural site.^[3]

Tentative list

In addition to sites inscribed on the World Heritage List, member states can maintain a list of tentative sites that they may consider for nomination. Nominations for the World Heritage List are only accepted if the site was previously listed on the tentative list.^[9] Bangladesh lists seven properties on its tentative list.^[3]

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Tentative sites
Site	Location (division)	Year listed	UNESCO criteria	Description
Halud Vihara	Rajshahi	1999	ii, iii, iv, vi (cultural)	This is a proposed extension to the already listed World Heritage Site Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur. The remains of a Buddhist vihāra consist of a large mound and surrounding sites. Archaeological excavations have produced stone, metal, and terracotta works of art.^[10]
Jaggadala Vihara	Rajshahi	1999	ii, iii, iv, vi (cultural)	This is a proposed extension to the already listed World Heritage Site Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur. The remains of a Buddhist vihāra consist of a large mound and surrounding sites. Archaeological excavations have unearthed stone sculptures of deities and terracotta plaques.^[11]
Lalbagh Fort	Dhaka	1999	i, ii, iv (cultural)	Construction of the fort started in 1678 under Muhammad Azam Shah. It was later occupied by Shaista Khan. The complex also includes a mosque, a hammam, and the tomb of Pari Bibi, daughter of Shaista Khan.^[12]
Mahansthangarh and its Environs	Rajshahi	1999	ii, iii (cultural)	The archaeological site covers the remains of the ancient city of Pundranagar, founded in the 3rd century BCE. The city was located on the banks of the Karatoya River and was protected by moats and walls.^[13]
The Lalmai-Mainamati Group of monuments	Chittagong	1999	ii, iii, iv, vi (cultural)	The site comprises the remains of about 50 Buddhist settlements in the Comilla District. They were likely a local centre from which Buddhism was spreading to South East Asia.^[14]
The Architectural Works of Muzharul Islam: an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement in South Asia	several sites	2023	ii (cultural)	This nomination comprises 12 buildings or complexes of buildings designed by the Bangladeshi architect Muzharul Islam. He was influential in developing modern architecture in tropical setting. One of the features of his style is blurring the boundary between interior and exterior of the buildings. Buildings included in the nomination are university buildings, large scale housing, public buildings, and residences, and were built from the 1950s to 1990s. Art Institute in Dhaka is pictured.^[15]
Mughal Forts on Fluvial Terrains in Dhaka	Dhaka	2023	ii, iv (cultural)	This nomination comprises four forts in Dhaka and surroundings: Hajiganj Fort (pictured), Sonakanda Fort, Idrakpur Fort, and Lalbagh Fort. They were constructed in the 17th century under the Mughals to control the main rivers of Bengal. As the region is largely devoid of stone, the forts were constructed of brick and plaster, and parts are made of mud.^[16]

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[convention-1] [1]
"The World Heritage Convention". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2019.

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"Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 1 February 2021. Retrieved 3 February 2021.

[Bangladesh-3] [3]
"Bangladesh". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 16 July 2022. Retrieved 16 July 2022.

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"UNESCO World Heritage Centre The Criteria for Selection". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 12 June 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2018.

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"Historic Mosque City of Bagerhat". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 3 July 2010. Retrieved 28 May 2010.

[6] [6]
"Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 1 November 2019. Retrieved 28 May 2010.

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"Sundarbans National Park". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 3 April 2022.

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"The Sundarbans". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 3 July 2010. Retrieved 28 May 2010.

[9] [9]
"Tentative Lists". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 1 April 2016. Retrieved 7 October 2010.

[10] [10]
"Halud Vihara". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 6 February 2020. Retrieved 13 April 2014.

[11] [11]
"Jaggadala Vihara". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 14 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.

[12] [12]
"Lalbagh Fort". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 14 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.

[13] [13]
"Mahansthangarh and its Environs". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 14 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.

[14] [14]
"The Lalmai-Mainamati Group of monuments". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.

[15] [15]
"The Architectural Works of Muzharul Islam: an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement in South Asia". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.

[16] [16]
"Mughal Forts on Fluvial Terrains in Dhaka". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 12 January 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.

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List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Bangladesh

List of World Heritage Sites in Bangladesh

World Heritage Sites

Tentative list

See also

References

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Site	Location (division)	Year listed	UNESCO data	Description
Historic Mosque City of Bagerhat	Khulna	1985	321: iv (cultural)	The city of Bagerhat was founded in the 15th century by Khan Jahan Ali under the name Khalifatabad. It contains over 300 mosques, public buildings, mausoleums, bridges, and water tanks, mostly constructed from baked brick. The city represents some of the most significant examples of early Muslim architecture in Bengal, including the Tomb of Khan Jahan and the Sixty Dome Mosque (pictured). The architectural style is unique to the site. After the death of the founder, the city got covered by the jungle.^[5]
Ruins of the Buddhist Vihara at Paharpur	Rajshahi	1985	322; i, ii, vi (cultural)	Somapura Mahavihara, a Buddhist vihāra, or monastery, dates to the 8th century. It was an important centre of Mahayana Buddhism in the region until the 12th century, and is the second largest Buddhist monastery south of the Himalayas. It was decorated with stone and terracotta sculptures and carvings. It influenced the construction of temples in Myanmar, Java, and Cambodia.^[6]
The Sundarbans	Khulna	1997	798; ix, x (natural)	The national park covers the Bangladeshi part of the Sundarbans, the delta of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers. It is the world's largest and richest mangrove forest, with about 78 recorded mangrove species. It is a biodiversity hotspot, home to a large population of Bengal tigers, as well as an important habitat for the Irrawaddy dolphin and Ganges river dolphin, several species of birds and sea turtles. Three sanctuaries are listed. In India, the Sundarbans National Park is listed as a separate World Heritage Site.^[7]^[8]