List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Kingdom

List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Kingdom

List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Kingdom

Representative of the United States to the United Kingdom

The United States ambassador to the United Kingdom (known formally as, The Ambassador of the United States of America to the Court of St James's)[1] is the official representative of the president of the United States and the American government to the monarch (Court of St. James's) and government of the United Kingdom.[2] The position is held by Jane D. Hartley, who presented her credentials to Queen Elizabeth II on July 19, 2022.[3]

Quick Facts Ambassador of the United States of America to the Court of St James's, Style ...

The position is regarded as one of the most prestigious posts in the United States Foreign Service due to the "special relationship" between the United States and the United Kingdom.[4] The ambassadorship has been held by various notable politicians, including five who would later become president: John Adams, James Monroe, John Quincy Adams, Martin Van Buren and James Buchanan. However, the modern tendency of American presidents (of both parties) is to appoint keen political fundraisers from previous presidential campaigns, despite the importance and prestige of the office.[5]

The ambassador and executive staff work at the American Embassy in Nine Elms, London. The official residence of the ambassador is Winfield House in Regent's Park.[1]

Duties

The ambassador's main duty is to present U.S. policies to the government of the United Kingdom and its people, as well as report British policies and views to the federal government of the United States. The ambassador serves as a primary channel of communication between the two nations and plays an important role in treaty negotiations.

The ambassador is the head of the United States' consular service in the United Kingdom. As well as directing diplomatic activity in support of trade, the ambassador is ultimately responsible for visa services and for the provision of consular support to American citizens in the UK and oversees cultural relations between the two countries.

List of U.S. chiefs of mission to the Court of St James's

Ministers (1785–1811)

  Independent

  Democratic-Republican

  Democrat

  Whig

  Republican

John Adams is referred to as the first "ambassador".[6] He is also referred to as the first "minister plenipotentiary".[7] Plenipotentiary means "having full power"; a minister that has power to act for their country in all matters.[8]

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Ministers (1815–1893)

Diplomatic relations with what had now become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland were restored after the War of 1812. The Congress of Vienna (1815) established a uniform system of diplomatic rank. Under that system, the highest rank of "ambassador" was a personal representative of a sovereign, and the next rank of "minister", represented a government. As a republic, the United States maintained diplomatic relations with Britain at the rank of Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary. The rank was colloquially known as Minister, and the position continued to be referred to as "United States Minister to Great Britain".

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Ambassadors (1893–present)

Although France became a republic in 1870, the country continued to exchange ambassadors with other Great Powers. In 1893, the United States followed the French precedent and upgraded its relations with other Great Powers to the ambassadorial level. The United States Legation in London became the United States Embassy, and the United States Minister to Great Britain became the United States Ambassador to Great Britain.

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See also

Notes

  1. John Adams became so frustrated with his cool reception at the court that he closed the legation in 1788 and the post remained vacant for four years.[9]
  2. From 1811 to the outbreak of the War of 1812, chargé d'affaires Johnathan Russell was the chief United States officer in London. The United States severed relations with the United Kingdom on the outbreak of the War of 1812; normal relations were restored in 1815.[9]
  3. Chargé d'affaires
  4. Lewis Lukens became the chargé d'affaires.[12][13]

References

  1. [1]
    "Ambassador's Residence - Winfield House". uk.usembassy.gov. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
  2. [2]
    "Recent Ambassadors to the United Kingdom". uk.usembassy.gov. Retrieved April 10, 2021.
  3. [3]
    "Ambassador Jane Hartley presents her credentials to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II". U.S. Embassy & Consulates in the United Kingdom. July 20, 2022. Archived from the original on August 3, 2022. Retrieved August 3, 2022.
  4. [4]
    Collier, Peter; Horowitz, David (2002). The Kennedys: An American Drama. p. 6.
  5. [5]
    Farrell, Henry (November 28, 2019). "U.S. ambassadorships are destination tourism for the mega-rich". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
  6. [6]
    "John Adams - U.S. Presidents - HISTORY.com". HISTORY.com. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
  7. [7]
    "Eyewitness". www.archives.gov. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
  8. [8]
    "Definition of "Plenipotentiary"". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
  9. [9]
    "United Kingdom". Diplomatic History of the United States. US Department of State. Retrieved May 30, 2011.
  10. [10]
    House Documents, Otherwise Publ. as Executive Documents: 13th Congress, 2d Session-49th Congress, 1st Session. United States Congress.
  11. [11]
    Officers and Graduates of Columbia College: Originally the College of the Province of New York Known as King's College. General Catalogue, 1754-1894. New York City: Columbia College. 1894.
  12. [12]
    Davis, Julie Hirschfeld (January 5, 2017). "In Break With Precedent, Obama Envoys Are Denied Extensions Past Inauguration Day". The New York Times.
  13. [13]
    "Biography of Ambassador Matthew W. Barzun". U.S. Embassy & Consulates in the United Kingdom. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  14. [14]
    "Biography of Ambassador Matthew W. Barzun". U.S. Embassy & Consulates in the United Kingdom. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
  15. [15]
    Borger, Julian (January 19, 2017). "New York Jets owner Woody Johnson to be US ambassador to UK". The Guardian. Retrieved January 20, 2017.
  16. [16]
    "Biden selects Jane Hartley as ambassador to U.K. (July 16, 2021)". The Washington Post.

Further reading
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