List_of_aviation_pioneers

List of aviation pioneers

List of aviation pioneers

Add article description

Aviation pioneers are people directly and indirectly responsible for the advancement of flight, including people who worked to achieve manned flight before the invention of aircraft, as well as others who achieved significant "firsts" in aviation after heavier-than-air flight became routine. Pioneers of aviation have contributed to the development of aeronautics in one or more ways: through science and theory, theoretical or applied design, by constructing models or experimental prototypes, the mass production of aircraft for commercial and government request, achievements in flight, and providing financial resources and publicity to expand the field of aviation.

The Wright brothers' first powered, controlled, and sustained flight (12 seconds covering 37 meters), captured on film on December 17, 1903

Table key

Pioneer type

  • Science: Contributions to aerodynamic theory, aviation principles, discoveries advancing aircraft development, etc.
  • Design: Original or derivative ideas or drawings for conceptual/experimental/practical methods of air travel
  • Construction: Building prototypes/experimental/practical aircraft
  • Manufacture: Building aircraft to fill commercial or government requests
  • Aviator: International firsts, major records, major awards received
  • Support: Significant industrial endorsements, philanthropic, founding of relevant organizations, etc.
  • (†) : A dagger following the pioneer's name indicates they died in or as a result of an aircraft accident. When available, the aircraft type/model and the place of the accident are included in the text.

Sorting

The table is organized by pioneer name in alphabetical order. Columns for Name, Date of birth/Date of death, Country and Achievement can be sorted in either ascending or descending order. If two pioneers are paired together, sorting by DOB or Country uses the information for the first of the pair. The Achievement column will sort according to the date of the pioneer's earliest significant contribution to aviation.

Inclusion criteria

The list is of outright records, irrespective of race, nationality or gender, and in which at least one of the following criteria is met:

  • Scientific contribution to theory and principles (whether correct or not) that were used as contemporary resources, building blocks, or influenced period thought, significant scientific or theoretical achievements with model aircraft;
  • Designing any aircraft (pre-1910), or a distinct/innovative new design;
  • Constructing a prototype aircraft (pre-1910);
  • Manufacturing aircraft (including some direct or supervisory control over design) for commercial and/or military contracts (intended to represent founders of the aviation industry);
  • Flying (Aviator) solo in an aircraft and receiving a relevant flying certificate (pre-1910); or any significant national (e.g., a flight representing a country's first) or international achievement, or flight award (initial record holders or demolishing existing records, but not simply breaking established records);
  • Supporting aviation (e.g., positive publicity; personal, corporate and/or philanthropic sponsorship, education).

Table

More information Name, Date of birth Date of death ...

See also

Notes

  1. [N 1]
    Ader was regarded by many to be the French "father of aviation".[5]
  2. [N 2]
    Wilbur Wright flew around the Statue of Liberty (29 September 1909) .
  3. [N 3]
    Bell's initial kite-like designs were built by McCurdy and Baldwin and could only sustain flight by being towed into the air.[20]
  4. [N 4]
    Taught Fiorello La Guardia how to fly in exchange for driving lessons.[22]
  5. [N 5]
    Crossing the Pyrenees from Pau to Madrid.[25]
  6. [N 6]
    airmail flight from Basel to Liestal.
  7. [N 7]
    Crossing the Alps from Bern to Sion.[26]
  8. [N 8]
    Geoffrey’s publication in 1138, almost 2,000 years after the alleged flight, is the first historical mention of Bladud.[30]
  9. [N 9]
    This claim is disputed since the test pilot was a seasoned cyclist and it has been claimed that only someone with extreme conditioning and/or endurance could fly the Pedaliante.[40]
  10. [N 10]
    From Santiago, Chile to Mendoza, Argentina, reaching an altitude of 8,100 m (26,575 ft).[46]
  11. [N 11]
    From Buenos Aires to Rio Grande do Sul.
  12. [N 12]
    See reference for disqualification details.[47]
  13. [N 13]
    From Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro in 79 days (with only 62 hours of flying time) using three different planes (two were lost at sea), and relying solely on astronomical navigation.[50]
  14. [N 14]
    Wilbur Wright, in 1909, commented on Cayley: “About 100 years ago an Englishman, Sir George Cayley, carried the science of flying to a point which it had never reached before and which it scarcely reached again during the last century”.[51]
  15. [N 15]
    Gliding from the Galata Tower, across the Bosphorus, landing at Doğancılar Square.[54]
  16. [N 16]
    Quote from Coanda: “A poet is a man who sees abstract worlds and tries to bring them in the concrete world. In this regard I believe that any inventor, engineer or scientist, regardless of the aria of his concerns, is also a poet.”[59]
  17. [N 17]
    From Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro in 79 days (with only 62 hours of flying time) using three different planes (two were lost at sea), and relying solely on astronomical navigation.[66]
  18. [N 18]
    In January of 1912, Dunne demonstrated improved flight stability by taking a full page of notes on paper during a 6 minute solo flight with two turns.[84]
  19. [N 19]
    Modifications for take-off required outfitting the ship with “an 83-foot-long ramp, sloping 5 degrees over the bow. The ramp’s forward edge was 37 feet above the water”.[85]
  20. [N 20]
    “The landing platform, constructed of pine planks, was 130 feet long by 32 feet wide. Ten feet of it hung at an angle -- with a drop of four feet -- over the stern of the ship. The arresting gear comprised 21 ropes -- each with 50-pound sandbags attached to either end -- laid across the runway. Each rope was suspended 8 inches above the deck. Three hooks had been affixed to the underside of the aircraft to catch on the ropes when the landing was made”.[87]
  21. [N 21]
    Born in France to a British family, Farman took French nationality in 1937.[91]
  22. [N 22]
    “Awarded to the inventor of a flying machine who shall first accomplish a flight of one kilometer in a closed circuit without touching the ground…”.[92]
  23. [N 23]
    The design was an adaptation of the device recovered by the Germans from the downed airplane of Roland Garros.[96]
  24. [N 24]
    The death of Knute Rockne in the 1931 crash of a Transcontinental & Western Air Fokker F.10 was highly publicized and shook the public’s confidence in Fokker aircraft.[98]
  25. [N 25]
    Designed and manufactured aircraft (e.g., H-1 Racer (1935), Hughes H-4 Hercules or Spruce Goose), the AIM-4 Falcon air-to-air missile.
  26. [N 26]
    “German historians do not claim that he made proper flights, but only that he was the first in Germany to leave the ground in a powered aeroplane under its own power”.[93]
  27. [N 27]
    A 60-mile circuit around Manhattan Island which he completed in just under 53 minutes.[129]
  28. [N 28]
    Despite over 50 years of research on his achievements, no substantiated proof exists regarding the dates of his work.
  29. [N 29]
    It has been suggested that Sarić’s first unobserved flight may have been in late June 1910.[170]
  30. [N 30]
    While flying as a passenger with Orville Wright, Selfridge was the first to die in an aircraft accident.[171]
  31. [N 31]
    With intermediate stops at Hawaii and Fiji) covering roughly 11,566 km (7,187 mi).
  32. [N 32]
    Spelterini began aerial photography in approximately 1893 and began taking a camera on his flights. Some highlights include Egypt (1904) and South Africa (1911).[citation needed]
  33. [N 33]
    Took a Swiss professor to high altitude to conduct blood-related experiments (1902).[179]
  34. [N 34]
    AKA – Teleshova, Teleshev, Nicolas de Telescheff.[citation needed]
  35. [N 35]
    The Voisin 1907 biplane was flown by Henry Farman to win the Deutsch-Archdeacon Prize (13 January 1908).[189]

References

  1. [1]
    Zahm, Albert F. (1944–1945). "Conspectus of Early Powerplane Development". Records of the Columbia Historical Society. 46/47. Historical Society of Washington D.C.: 325–358. JSTOR 40067638.
  2. [2]
    Gibbs-Smith, Charles H. (3 April 1959). "Hops and Flights: A roll call of early powered take-offs". Flight. 75 (2619): 468. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
  3. [3]
    Turner, p. 233.
  4. [4]
    Sykes, Frederick H. (1920). "Imperial Air Routes". The Geographical Journal. 55 (4). The Royal Geographical Society: 241–262. doi:10.2307/1781731. JSTOR 1781731.
  5. [5]
    "Clement Ader and the Aeroplane". Science. 61 (1586). American Association for the Advancement of Science: 533. 22 May 1925. doi:10.1126/science.61.1586.533. JSTOR 1648968.
  6. [6]
    "Marin Aguilera Diego – The first man who flew". Yague Garces at Burgospedia. 19 January 2010. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
  7. [7]
    "Diego Marin, the "bird man" Burgos". Tecnologia Obsoleta. 18 January 2006. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
  8. [8]
    "Alcock and Brown Fly Across Atlantic" (PDF), The New York Times, retrieved 22 August 2013
  9. [9]
    Ward, John W. (1958). "The Meaning of Lindbergh's Flight". American Quarterly. 10 (1): 3–16. doi:10.2307/2710171. JSTOR 2710171.
  10. [10]
    White, Jr., Lynn (1961). "Eilmer of Malmesbury, an Eleventh Century Aviator: A case study of technological innovation, its context and tradition". Technology and Culture. 2 (2): 97–111. doi:10.2307/3101411. JSTOR 3101411.
  11. [11]
    "Canada's Golden Anniversary". Flight. 75 (2614): 280. 27 February 1959. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
  12. [13]
    Green, J.J. (7 October 1955). "Aeronautical Research in Canada". Flight. 68 (2437): 583. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  13. [14]
    Milberry 2008, pp. 73–74.
  14. [15]
    Molson and Taylor 1982, p. 159.
  15. [16]
    The Madrid-Manila flight. Madrid Ildefonso Alier. 18 May 1927. ISBN 9780810886087. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
  16. [17]
    George Galdorisi (2008). Leave No Man Behind: The Saga of Combat Search and Rescue. Voyageur Press. ISBN 978-0-7603-2392-2.
  17. [18]
    Trevor Homer (2007). The Book Of Origins: The first of everything. Hachette Digital. ISBN 978-1-405-51610-5.
  18. [19]
    Milberry 1979, pp. 12–13.
  19. [20]
    Milberry 2008, p. 73.
  20. [21]
    Milberry 1979, pp. 12.
  21. [22]
    "The Giuseppe M. Bellanca Collection". National Air and Space Museum, Archives Division. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  22. [23]
    Giuseppe Mario Bellanca, Encyclopædia Britannica, retrieved 29 August 2013
  23. [24]
    "Giuseppe Bellanca". The National Aviation Hall of Fame. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  24. [25]
    "Foreign Aviation News – Across the Pyrenees". Flight. 5 (214): 127. 1 February 1913. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  25. [26]
    "Flying over the Bernese Alps". Flight. 5 (229): 553. 17 May 1913. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  26. [27]
    "Crossing the Alps". International Service of the Swiss Broadcasting Corporation. 13 July 2013. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  27. [28]
    Laufer, Berthold (1928). "The Prehistory of Aviation". Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History. Anthropological Series. 18 (1): 1–97. JSTOR 29782169.
  28. [29]
    Biddlecombe, C.H. (1928). "The Development of the Heavier-Than-Air Machine". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 67 (3): 297–305. JSTOR 984295.
  29. [30]
    Clark, John (1994). "The Archaeology of a Legend". Folklore. 105: 39–50. doi:10.1080/0015587x.1994.9715872. JSTOR 1260628.
  30. [31]
    "The monoplane as we would come to know it made its first appearance";Brian A. Elliot, Blériot - Herald of an age, Tempus Publishing Ltd
  31. [32]
    ... le prototype de toute l'aviation moderne, Charles Dolfuss, "L'homme, l'air et l'espace", Editions de l'Illustration, Paris, 1965.
  32. [33]
    Crouch, Tom (1982). Blériot XI: The Story of a Classic Aircraft. Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 22.
  33. [34]
    "The Bleriot Short-Span Monoplane – The Channel Flyer". Flight. 1 (31): 453. 31 July 1909. Retrieved 27 August 2013..
  34. [35]
    "M. Blériot's Plans." Flight, 25 September 1909
  35. [36]
    T.D. Crouch, Blériot XI : The Story of a Classic Aircraft, Washington, 1982, p.6.
  36. [37]
    Grosser, p. 15.
  37. [38]
    Grosser, p. 16.
  38. [39]
    "Muscle Assisted Flights Before 1939". Chris Roper. Archived from the original on 2013-11-11. Retrieved 2013-08-28.
  39. [40]
    Grosser, p. 17.
  40. [41]
    Smith, Alan E. (30 November 1961). "Correspondence – The First Man-powered Flight". Flight. 80 (2751): 856. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
  41. [42]
    Flight Magazine, 25 Nov 1948, page 643
  42. [43]
    rafweb.org
  43. [44]
    Brackley, Freida H, Brackles : Memoirs of a Pioneer of Civil Aviation, W. & J. Mackay, 1952
  44. [45]
    Freudenthal, Elsbeth E. (1952-01-01). "Conquerors of Uspallata Pass: A Contribution to the History of Aviation in the Americas". The Americas. 9 (1): 17–28. doi:10.2307/977856. JSTOR 977856. S2CID 147035171.
  45. [46]
    Freudenthal, Elsbeth E. (1952). "Conquerors of Uspallata Pass: A contribution to the history of aviation in the Americas". The Americas. 9 (1). Academy of American Franciscan History: 17–28. doi:10.2307/977856. JSTOR 977856. S2CID 147035171.
  46. [47]
    "The Geisler Challenge Trophy Appeal". Flight. 5 (256): 1288. 22 November 1913. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
  47. [48]
    Flight International. Vol. 5. 1913-01-01. pp. 1246–1247.
  48. [49]
    "The Lisbon to Rio Transatlantic Attempt – Fairey Seaplane Used". Flight: 202. 6 April 1922. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  49. [50]
    Taylor, p.100
  50. [51]
    Gibbs-Smith, Charles H. (1962). "Sir George Cayley: 'Father of Aerial Navigation' (1773–1857)". Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London. 17 (1): 36–56. doi:10.1098/rsnr.1962.0005. JSTOR 531013. S2CID 71545601.
  51. [52]
    "Giuseppe Cei (1889 – 1911)". EarlyAviators.com. Retrieved 15 September 2013.
  52. [53]
    Ünsar, Seda (2012). "A Study on Institutional Change: Ottoman Social Structure and the Provision of Public Goods". Journal of Gazi Academic View. 6 (11): 177. Archived from the original on 1 September 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
  53. [54]
    Cartier, Ray E. (2006). "Philatelic Fun Facts". Mekeel's & Stamps Magazine. 199 (13): 34. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
  54. [55]
    Statiev, Alexander (2002). "Antonescu's Eagles against Stalin's Falcons: The Romanian Air Force, 1920–1941". The Journal of Military History. 66 (4): 1085–1113. doi:10.2307/3093265. JSTOR 3093265.
  55. [56]
    Berbente, Corneliu (2010). "Scientific Personality of Henri Coanda". INCAS Bulletin. 2 (4): 3–10. doi:10.13111/2066-8201.2010.2.4.1. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
  56. [57]
    NĂSTASE, Adriana (2010). "Homage to Henri Coanda". INCAS Bulletin. 2 (4): 17–18. doi:10.13111/2066-8201.2010.2.4.4. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
  57. [58]
    Coanda effect. (2013). Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition, 1.
  58. [59]
    SĂVULESCU, Stefan N. (2010). "Henri Coanda, a Visionary in Science and Technology". INCAS Bulletin. 2 (4): 35–36. doi:10.13111/2066-8201.2010.2.4.6. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
  59. [60]
    Broomfield, G.A. (16 May 1958). "S.F. Cody – A Personal Reminiscence". Flight. 73 (2573): 690–91. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  60. [61]
    Gibbs-Smith, Charles H. (3 April 1959). "Hops and Flights: A roll call of early powered take-offs". Flight. 75 (2619): 470. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
  61. [62]
    Gibbs-Smith, Charles H. (23 May 1958). "S.F. Cody: An Historian's Comments". Flight. 73 (2574): 699. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  62. [63]
    "Alfred Comte". EarlyAviators.com. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
  63. [64]
    "Flugpionier Alfred Comte". Tagesanzeiger. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
  64. [65]
    "The Lisbon to Rio Transatlantic Attempt – Fairey Seaplane Used". Flight. 14 (693): 202. 6 April 1922. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
  65. [66]
    Taylor, p. 100.
  66. [67]
    Neves, F. M. S. P.; Barata, J. M. M.; Silva, A. R. R. (4 January 2010). "Gago Coutinho and the Aircraft Navigation". 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting.
  67. [68]
    Casey 1981, pp. 16–23.
  68. [69]
    Bruce, J.M. (2 December 1955). "The Felixstowe Flying-Boats". Flight. 68 (2445): 842–846. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
  69. [70]
    Casey 1981, pp. 28–33.
  70. [71]
    "Curtiss & Eiffel Awarded Langley Medal". Smithsonian Institution Archives. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  71. [72]
    "India's First Aircraft". The Navhind Times. 20 November 2010. Archived from the original on 26 November 2010. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
  72. [73]
    "Madras Miscellany". The Hindu. 22 August 2010. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
  73. [74]
    Crouch, p. 41.
  74. [75]
    "Félix Du Temple de la Croix (1823-1890)". MONASH University Engineering. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  75. [76]
    Gibbs-Smith, Charles H. (3 April 1959). "They Dared First". Flight. 102 (3308): 17. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
  76. [77]
    Au Jour le Jour l'Aérophile, 1 May 1910, p. 198
  77. [78]
    "Airmen And The Army". The Times. No. 39361. London. 26 August 1910. col A, p. 5.
  78. [79]
    Longyard, p. 61.
  79. [80]
    "Dufaux, Armand and Henri". Heli-archive.ch. 2010. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  80. [81]
    Gibbs-Smith (1960), p. 75.
  81. [82]
    "Foreign Aviation News". Flight. 2 (88): 719. 3 September 1910. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
  82. [83]
    "Pioneers of British Aviation – John William Dunne". Aeronautics. 17 (306): 208–210. 28 August 1919. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  83. [84]
    "The Dunne Stable Aeroplane". Flight. 4 (160): 56. 20 January 1912. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  84. [85]
    Mersky, P. (2011). "Ely's Flights – Part 1, The First Launch". Approach: The Naval Safety Center's Aviation Magazine. 56 (1): 3.
  85. [86]
    Bauman, R. (1995). "Eugene Ely and the first flattop landing". Cricket. 22 (9): 32.
  86. [87]
    Demers, D.J. (2011). "What goes up…". Naval History. 25 (1): 48.
  87. [88]
    "August Heinrich Euler". Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
  88. [89]
    "Euler beats German Record". Flight. 2 (97): 914. 5 November 1910. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
  89. [90]
    "Ernest Failloubaz". Retrieved 29 August 2013.
  90. [91]
    "From All Quarters (Henry Farman)". Flight. 74 (2582): 96. 18 July 1958. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
  91. [92]
    "Ten Years Ago". Flight. 10 (474): 102. 24 January 1918. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
  92. [93]
    Gibbs-Smith, Charles H. (3 April 1959). "Hops and Flights: A roll call of early powered take-offs". Flight. 75 (2619): 469. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  93. [94]
    “L’Estrange” (28 January 1911). "The use of accidents". Flight (109): 69. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  94. [95]
    "Anthony Fokker". The National Aviation Hall of Fame. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  95. [96]
    Mortimer, Gavin (2013). "Giving the Machine Gun Wings". Aviation History. 23 (6): 50.
  96. [97]
    Guttman, Robert (2012). "Fokker's Fabulous Flying Coffin". Aviation History. 22 (5): 42.
  97. [98]
    Longyard, p. 71.
  98. [99]
    "Wie de mannen der K.L.M. waren, die vielen". Nieuwe Leidsche Courant (in Dutch). 27 January 1947. p. 3. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
  99. [100]
    "Onderscheidingen voor Geysendorffer en kap. Versteegh". Het Vaderland (in Dutch). 23 January 1927. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
  100. [101]
    Wunderink, Ron (26 February 2019). Met KLM de wereld rond: Een eeuw Flying Dutchman (in Dutch). Balans, Uitgeverij. ISBN 978-94-6003-966-9. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
  101. [102]
    Elam, F. Leland (1936). "Lyman Gilmore, Jr. – Pioneer". Popular Aviation. 18 (April): 247–248.
  102. [103]
    "The Gilmore Brothers Were Real Pioneers". Popular Aviation. 15 (5): 312. 1934.
  103. [104]
    "Transportation". Greater Grass Valley Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 2016-01-23.
  104. [105]
    "Airisms From the Four Winds". Flight. 10 (486): 428. 18 April 1918. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
  105. [106]
    "Grandjean und Failloubaz: Schweizer Aviatik-Pioniere der ersten Stunde (Teil 2)". Cockpit: 46–47. August 2008.
  106. [107]
    Headland, p. 254.
  107. [108]
    Petrescu, Florian Ion; Petrescu, Relly Victoria (2012). The Aviation History. p. 140. ISBN 978-3-8482-3077-8. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  108. [109]
    Turner, pp. 254–256.
  109. [110]
    Milizia, p. 152.
  110. [111]
    Gierke, C. David (1998). "Langley's Steam-powered Flying Machines". Aviation History. 8 (6): 50.
  111. [112]
    Gibbs-Smith (1960), p. 32.
  112. [113]
    Gibbs-Smith (2003), p. 284.
  113. [114]
    "Vecihi Hürkus". The Turkish Aircraft Production. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  114. [115]
    Gibbs-Smith (1960), p. 319.
  115. [116]
    Grosz, Peter; Terry, Gerard (1984). "The Way to the World's First All-Metal Fighter". Air Enthusiast (Twenty–Five). Pilot Press: 60–63.
  116. [117]
    Day, C.H. (1919). "Commercial Future of Airplanes From an Engineer's Standpoint". SAE Technical Paper Series. SAE Technical Paper Series. Vol. 14. The Society of Automotive Engineers. p. 513. doi:10.4271/190026. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  117. [118]
    Gierke, C. David (1998). "Langley's Steam-powered Flying Machines". Aviation History. 8 (6): 50.
  118. [119]
    "Samuel P. Langley Collection, 1891–1914". National Air and Space Museum, Archives Division. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  119. [120]
    Heitman, Charles (1910). "Lilienthal". Aircraft. 1 (1): 10. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
  120. [121]
    Zahm, p. 213.
  121. [122]
    Zahm, p. 214.
  122. [123]
    "Edwin Link". The National Aviation Hall of Fame. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  123. [124]
    "R.Ae.S. Medals and Prizes". Flight. 51 (2005): 500. 29 May 1947. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  124. [125]
    Gibbs-Smith (2003), p. 25.
  125. [126]
    "The Helicopter: A hundred years of hovering". Wired. 2007-11-12. Retrieved 2013-08-23.
  126. [127]
    Lambertson, Giles (July 22, 2015). "The Birdman of Topeka". Air & Space. Smithsonian. Retrieved January 27, 2016.
  127. [128]
    "William S. Lucky (Luckey) – Curtiss Test Pilot Collection" (PDF). Museum of Flight Archives. 24 September 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 April 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  128. [129]
    Wood, Janice (15 September 2009). "Flight & Flyers: Luckey flyer". General Aviation News. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  129. [130]
    Harwood, Craig; Fogel, Gary (2012). Quest for Flight: John J. Montgomery and the Dawn of Aviation in the West. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0806142647.
  130. [131]
    Brewer & Alexander, p. 126 and 140.
  131. [132]
    Longyard, p. 124.
  132. [133]
    Gibbs-Smith (1960), p. 74.
  133. [134]
    "Walter Mittelholzer". cyranos.ch. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
  134. [135]
    "Mittelholzers Abessinienflug (1934)". ETHeritage, Zürich. Retrieved 16 April 2017.
  135. [136]
    "John Montgomery". The National Aviation Hall of Fame. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  136. [137]
    "Edwin Rowland Moon 1886 – 1920". Hampshire County Council. Archived from the original on 22 April 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
  137. [138]
    Mann, p. 25
  138. [139]
    Pilot-Aviators' Certificates. Flight 12 March 1910
  139. [140]
    "Lord Brabazon Of Tara". Obituaries. The Times. No. 56014. London. 18 May 1964. col A, p. 11.
  140. [141]
    "Alexandr Fyodorovich Mozhaisky (1825 – 1890)". MONASH University Engineering. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
  141. [142]
    "Aleksander Fyodorovich Mozhaiski (1825 – 1890)". FlyingMachines.org. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
  142. [143]
    Longyard, p. 135.
  143. [144]
    Paur, Jason. "Oct. 5, 1931: First Nonstop Trans-Pacific Flight Ends in Cloud of Dust". Wired. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
  144. [145]
    Gardiner, Debbi (17 March 2003). "A Moment of Genius, Years of Obscurity". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 3 October 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
  145. [146]
    "Man's First Powered Flight". MONASH University Engineering. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
  146. [147]
    Crouch, p. 40.
  147. [148]
    Wragg 1974, p. 117.
  148. [149]
    Brewer & Alexander, p. 101.
  149. [150]
    Brewer & Alexander, p. 139.
  150. [151]
    Brewer & Alexander, p. 134.
  151. [152]
    Longyard, p. 147.
  152. [153]
    Brooks, Peter W. (9 March 1956). "A British Gliding Pioneer". Flight. 69 (2459): 270. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  153. [154]
    Brooks, Peter W. (9 March 1956). "A British Gliding Pioneer". Flight. 69 (2459): 271. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
  154. [155]
    "Personals" (PDF). Flight: 1427. 30 October 1919. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
  155. [156]
    Gibbs-Smith (2003), p. 203.
  156. [157]
    "Lieut. Porte paid U.S. a visit in secret" (PDF). The New York Times. 16 September 1915. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
  157. [158]
    "Aero Club Election". Pittsburgh Daily Post. November 22, 1908. p. 33. Retrieved June 15, 2017 – via Newspapers.com. Free access icon
  158. [159]
    "Augustus Post Dies: He Was Thirteenth to Fly". The News Review. October 8, 1952. p. 5. Retrieved June 15, 2017 – via Newspapers.com. Free access icon
  159. [160]
    Post, Augustus (1912). The Curtiss Aviation Book. Frederick A. Stokes & Co.
  160. [161]
    Benner, Harry M. (May 1908). "Members of the Aerial Experiment Association with Augustus Post at Hammondsport, New York, May 1908". National Air and Space Museum. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
  161. [162]
    "Wright's Aeroplane In the Air 57 Minutes Makes World Record". The Washington Times. September 9, 1908. p. 33. Retrieved June 15, 2017 – via Newspapers.com. Free access icon
  162. [163]
    "Edvard Rusjan, Pioneer of Slovene Aviation". Republic of Slovenia – Government Communication Office. Archived from the original on 23 April 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
  163. [164]
    Longyard, p. 165.
  164. [165]
    "The Short Seaplanes…". Flight. 70 (2499): 922. 14 December 1956. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
  165. [166]
    Alberto Santos-Dumont, Brazil, SmithsonianEducation.org, retrieved 11 September 2013
  166. [167]
    Alberto Santos-Dumont, Encyclopædia Britannica, retrieved 11 September 2013
  167. [168]
    "The Santos Dumont No. 20 – "La Demoiselle". American Machinist. 32 (2): 793–97. 4 November 1909. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  168. [169]
    Ivan Sarić, Municipal Museum of Subotica, archived from the original on 27 March 2016, retrieved 11 September 2013
  169. [170]
    Sarić №1, Aeronautical Museum Belgrade, retrieved 11 September 2013
  170. [171]
    The First Fatal Plane Crash, check-six.com, retrieved 15 September 2013
  171. [172]
    Gibbs-Smith (2003), p. 202.
  172. [173]
    "Igor Sikorsky (1889 – 1972)". The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA). Archived from the original on 8 December 2017. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  173. [174]
    "The Great Pacific Flight". Flight. 20 (1016): 437. 14 June 1928. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  174. [175]
    "England-Australia in Seven Days". Flight. 25 (1295): 1042. 19 October 1933. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  175. [176]
    "A Great Pilot Passes". Flight: 525. 21 November 1935. Retrieved 30 August 2013.
  176. [177]
    "Sir Thomas Sopwith". Obituaries. The Times. No. 63303. London. 28 January 1989. col E, p. 12.
  177. [178]
    Gradenwitz, Alfred (1908). "First Balloon Flight Across Central Alps". Technical World Magazine. 9 (1): 20. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  178. [179]
    "Effect of High Altitudes on the Blood". The Literary Digest. 24 (10): 326. 8 March 1902. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  179. [180]
    "Taddeoli's Death: A Swiss Pioneer of Aviation". Aeronautics. 11 (18): 620. 12 July 1920. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  180. [181]
    "Foreign Notes – Flight Across the Alps". Aeronautics. 17 (302): 114. 31 July 1919. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  181. [182]
    Cynk, J.B. (27 July 1956). "Czeslaw Tanski "The Father of Polish Aviation"". Flight: 174. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  182. [183]
    Brewer & Alexander, p. 32.
  183. [184]
    Brewer & Alexander, p. 96.
  184. [185]
    "A woman inventor who plans---and expects---to fly." (PDF), The New York Times, retrieved 22 August 2013
  185. [186]
    "The Death of Védrines". Flight: 551. 24 April 1919.
  186. [187]
    Simionescu, P.A. (2005). "An Air Pioneer". Mechanical Engineering. 127 (10): 8.
  187. [188]
    Jozef Wilczynski, Technology in Comecon: Acceleration of Technological Progress Through Economic Planning and the Market, p. 243
  188. [189]
    Guttman, Jon (1997). "Gabriel Voisin offered France the ultimate strategic bomber of World War I--a freakish triplane". Aviation History. 8 (2): 8. Archived from the original on 22 April 2014. Retrieved 29 August 2013.
  189. [190]
    "Voisin Type 8 | National Air and Space Museum". airandspace.si.edu. Retrieved 2016-01-22.
  190. [191]
    "From the archive, 15 December 1953: Scots claim to first flight". TheGuardian.com. 14 December 2010. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  191. [192]
    Francis/Windrow 1970, p.11
  192. [193]
    Oberholzer H. "Pioneers of early aviation in South Africa." Memoirs van die Nasionale Museum, Memoir No 7, 1974
  193. [194]
    Illsley J. W. "In Southern skies a pictorial history of early aviation in Southern Africa 1816 - 1940." Jonathan Ball Publishers, 2003.
  194. [195]
    "Home". johnwestonaviator.co.uk.
  195. [196]
    "A New Flying Machine". Scientific American. 84 (23): 357. 8 June 1901. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican06081901-357a. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  196. [197]
    Randolph, Stella; Phillips, Harvey (1935). "Did Whitehead Precede Wright". Popular Aviation. 16 (1): 22–24, 55–57. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  197. [198]
    Kelly, pp. 107–10.
  198. [199]
    Bongartz, Jr., Roy (1981). "The Wright Brothers' claim of primacy in powered flight still can't shake the ghost of Connecticut's 'crazy German.'". Popular Mechanics. 156 (6): 68, 70, 72–74. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  199. [200]
    Paulin, David (1986). "Wrights or Wrong?". Popular Aviation. 113 (8): 96. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
  200. [201]
    "Inventing a Flying Machine - The Breakthrough Concept". Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. Archived from the original on 17 January 2015. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
  201. [202]
    "Zbierański Czesław". Historia Lotnictwa. Retrieved 3 September 2013.

Books
Share this article:

This article uses material from the Wikipedia article List_of_aviation_pioneers, and is written by contributors. Text is available under a CC BY-SA 4.0 International License; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.