Since the introduction of economic reforms in 1978, the Chinese economy has become one of the world's fastest-growing major economies. As of 2016^[update], it was the world's second-largest economy by nominal GDP and largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). China was also the world's largest exporter and second-largest importer of goods.^[1] China is a member of numerous formal and informal multilateral organizations, including the WTO, APEC, BRICS, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the BCIM, and the G-20.

A company incorporated in any of China's special administrative regions is not considered to be incorporated in China. See the corresponding list for companies incorporated in China's special administrative regions. For further information on the types of business entities in this country and their abbreviations, see business entities in China.

This list shows firms in the Fortune Global 500, which ranks firms by total revenues reported before 31 March 2023.^[2] Only the top five firms (if available) are included as a sample.

This list includes notable companies with primary headquarters located in the country. The industry and sector follow the Industry Classification Benchmark taxonomy. Organizations which have ceased operations are included and noted as defunct.

• The Shanghai Stock Exchange building in Shanghai's Lujiazui financial district.
• Three Gorges Dam, constructed by China Three Gorges Corporation.
• Coal mining in Inner Mongolia.

• List of public corporations by market capitalization
• List of telephone operating companies
• List of companies of Hong Kong
• List of companies of Macau
• List of largest Chinese companies