The Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly or the Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha is the unicameral state legislature of Madhya Pradesh state in India. The seat of the assembly is at Bhopal, the capital of the state. It is housed in the Vidhan Bhavan, a building located at the center of the Capital Complex, in the Arera Hill locality of Bhopal. The term of the assembly is five years, unless it is dissolved earlier. Presently, it comprises 230 members who are directly elected, from single-seat constituencies.

Since the independence of India, the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) have been given Reservation status, guaranteeing political representation, and the Constitution lays down the general principles of positive discrimination for SCs and STs.^{[1]: 35, 137 [2]} The 2011 census of India stated that the Scheduled castes and the Scheduled tribes constitute a significant portion of the population of the state, at 15.6% and 21.1%^[3] respectively. The Scheduled Tribes have been granted a reservation of 47 seats in the assembly, while 35 constituencies are reserved for candidates of the Scheduled Castes.^[4][5]

The Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly can be traced to 1935, when the Government of India Act 1935 provided for the first elected legislature of the Central Provinces. These elections were held in 1937.

After the independence of India in 1947, the then province of the Central Provinces and Berar, along with a number of princely states merged with the Indian Union, and became a new state, Madhya Pradesh. The number of constituencies of the legislative assembly of this state was 184. 127 constituencies were single-member, and 48 constituencies were double-member. Nine constituencies were reserved for the candidates of the Scheduled Tribes.

Madhya Pradesh was reorganized on 1 November 1956, following the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. It was created by merging the old Madhya Pradesh state (without the Marathi speaking areas, which were merged with Bombay state), Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal states. The number of constituencies of the legislative assemblies of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal were 79, 48 and 23 respectively. The legislative assemblies of all those four states were also merged to form the reorganised Madhya Pradesh assembly. The tenure of the first assembly was very short; it was dissolved on 5 March 1957, after the 1957 Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election.

The following is the list of constituencies of the Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly, since the delimitation of legislative assembly constituencies in 2008.^[22]

• List of constituencies of the Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly