List_of_countries_by_public_debt

List of countries by government debt

List of countries by government debt

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This is a list of countries by government debt. Gross government debt is government financial liabilities that are debt instruments.[1]: 81  A debt instrument is a financial claim that requires payment of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor in the future. Examples include debt securities (such as bonds and bills), loans, and government employee pension obligations.[1]: 207  Net debt equals gross debt minus financial assets that are debt instruments.[1]: 208, s7.243  Net debt estimates are not always available since some government assets are difficult to value, such as loans made at concessional rates.[1]: 208–209, s7.246 

Total (gross) government debt as a percent of GDP by IMF
General government debt in OECD (% of GDP)

Changes in government debt over time reflect primarily borrowing due to past government deficits.[2] A deficit occurs when a government's expenditures exceed revenues.[3] [1]: 79–82 

In the list below, government debt is measured for the general government sector because the level of government responsible for programs (for example, health care) differs across countries, and the general government comprises central, state, provincial, regional, and local governments, and social security funds.[1]: 18, s2.58, s2.59 

To make the numbers comparable across countries of different size, government debt is measured as a percentage of a country's gross domestic product (GDP). For context on the magnitude of the debt numbers, European Union member countries have an agreement, the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP), to maintain a general government gross debt of no more than 60% of GDP.[4] The aim of the SGP is to prevent excessive debt burdens.[5]

Government debt as a percentage of GDP

When data is not available, numbers are IMF staff estimates.

More information Country and region, General government gross debt (Percent of GDP, 2022) ...

Public debt per capita

The figures here are represented per capita.

More information Country, Year ...

See also

Nation specific

References

  1. [1]
    International Monetary Fund (2014). "Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014" (PDF).
  2. [2]
    OECD Data. "General government debt". OECD.org.
  3. [3]
    OECD Data. "General government deficit". OECD.org.
  4. [4]
    "Consolidated version of the Treaty on European Union – PROTOCOLS – Protocol (No 12) on the excessive deficit procedure".
  5. [5]
    "Applying the rules of the stability and growth pact".
  6. [6]
  7. [7]
    International Monetary Fund (October 2022). "World Economic Outlook Database".
  8. [8]
    "Country Comparison :: Population — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on December 18, 2018.
  9. [9]
    "Field Listing :: Public debt — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on November 30, 2018.
  10. [10]
    "Field Listing :: GDP (purchasing power parity) — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on January 9, 2019.
  11. [11]
    "Field Listing :: GDP (official exchange rate) — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on January 9, 2019.
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