List_of_emperors_of_the_Ming_dynasty

List of emperors of the Ming dynasty

List of emperors of the Ming dynasty

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The Ming dynasty was a dynasty of China that existed from 1368 to 1644, succeeding the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty and falling amidst much political turmoil to the short-lived Shun dynasty. Sixteen emperors ruled over the whole of China proper spanning 276 years. Following the collapse of the Ming dynasty in 1644, members of the Ming imperial family continued to rule parts of southern China until 1662; this regime is known as the Southern Ming in historiography.

Quick Facts Emperor of the Great Ming, Details ...

Emperors

See also: Ming emperors family tree
More information Portrait, Emperor (birth–death) ...

Southern Ming

More information Portrait, TitleMonarch (birth–death) ...

Other Ming claimants included Zhu Benli, Prince of Han (1646–1663) and Zhu Changqing, Prince of Huai (1648–1661). If Zhu Benli existed, he would be the last legal emperor of Southern Ming from the execution (1662) of Zhu Youlang. However, Zhu Benli's identity and existence are disputed, and Zhu Youlang is generally taken to be the last emperor of Southern Ming.[3] Ming prince Zhu Shugui carried out his duties in the Kingdom of Tungning in the name of the last Southern Ming emperor until 1683.

Individuals posthumously recognized as emperors

This is a list of individuals who did not reign as emperor during their lifetime but were later recognized as Ming emperors posthumously.

More information Personal name (birth–death), Posthumous name ...

Timeline

Zhu YoulangZhu YuyueZhu YujianZhu YousongChongzhen EmperorTianqi EmperorTaichang EmperorWanli EmperorLongqing EmperorJiajing EmperorZhengde EmperorHongzhi EmperorChenghua EmperorJingtai EmperorEmperor Yingzong of MingXuande EmperorHongxi EmperorYongle EmperorJianwen EmperorHongwu Emperor

Legend:

See also

Notes

  1. As posthumous and temple names were often shared by emperors of different dynasties, they are usually preceded by the dynastic name, in this case, Ming, to avoid confusion. For example, the Hongwu Emperor is frequently referred to as Ming Taizu.
  2. The Yongle Emperor assumed the throne of his nephew, the Jianwen Emperor, who was officially said to have died in a palace fire but who was suspected of escaping to live as a recluse. The Yongle Emperor wiped out the record of his nephew's reign and no temple name was given him. In 1644, the Prince of Fu (福王), the new self-proclaimed emperor of the Southern Ming, conferred on Emperor Jianwen the temple name Huizong.
  3. After listening to the poor advice of his eunuch advisers, Emperor Yingzong personally led a campaign in 1449 against the Mongols and was captured. His younger brother, the Jingtai Emperor assumed the throne and as a hostage no longer of any value, the Mongols released the Emperor Yingzong who returned to live in seclusion. However, Emperor Yingzong was able to regain his position upon the illness of Jingtai Emperor in 1457, choosing the reign name Tianshun.
  4. The two characters are both pronounced Lu but with different tones; to distinguish them in Roman script, one is usually kept as Lu and the other spelled differently. Luh is from Cambridge History of China; Lou is from A.C. Moule's Rulers of China (1957). When one irregular spelling is used, the other is kept as regular (Lu). The two systems are distinct and not used simultaneously. After the death of these princes, there is no temple name. The temple name appearing on the Internet has no source[2]
  5. Not an actual era name, but used in place of an era name and served a similar function; Jianguo literally means "regency"

References

  1. [1]
    Tong, James (1992). "Ming Dynasty Emperors and Reign Period". Disorder Under Heaven: Collective Violence in the Ming Dynasty. Stanford University Press. ISBN 9780804766760.
  2. [2]
    Lynn A., Struve (1984). The Southern Ming, 1644–1662. Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300030570.
  3. [3]
    Michael Dillon, ed. (2016). Encyclopedia of Chinese History. Routledge. p. 645. ISBN 9781317817161.
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