List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Joe_Biden

List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden

List of federal judges appointed by Joe Biden

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This is a comprehensive list of all Article III and Article IV United States federal judges appointed by President Joe Biden as well as a partial list of Article I federal judicial appointments, excluding appointments to the District of Columbia judiciary.[1]

Joe Biden with his then-Supreme Court nominee, Ketanji Brown Jackson

As of April 10, 2024, the United States Senate has confirmed 193 Article III judges nominated by Biden: one associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 41 judges for the United States courts of appeals, 149 judges for the United States district courts and two judges for the United States Court of International Trade. There are 20 nominations awaiting Senate action: four for the courts of appeals and 16 for the district courts. There are two vacancies on the U.S. courts of appeals and 39 vacancies on the U.S. district courts,[2][3] as well as 31 announced vacancies that may occur before the end of Biden's term (six for the courts of appeals and 25 for district courts).[Note 1][4][5] Biden has not made any recess appointments to the federal courts. Biden had the largest number of Article III judicial nominees confirmed during a president's first year in office since Ronald Reagan in 1981.[6]

Regarding Article I courts, as of September 21, 2023, the Senate has confirmed five judges nominated by Biden: four to the United States Court of Federal Claims and one to the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces. There is one vacancy on the claims court and six vacancies on the United States Tax Court. On March 2, 2021, Biden designated Elaine D. Kaplan as Chief Judge of the Court of Federal Claims.[7]

Regarding Article IV territorial courts, as of April 16, 2024, there are two vacancies. The Senate has confirmed one Article IV judge nominated by Biden.

Supreme Court of the United States

Main article: Joe Biden Supreme Court candidates
See also: Ketanji Brown Jackson Supreme Court nomination
More information #, Justice ...

United States courts of appeals

 *  Denotes nomination pending before the Senate Judiciary Committee  **  Denotes nomination awaiting final confirmation by the full Senate

More information #, Judge ...

United States district courts

 *  Denotes nomination pending before the Senate Judiciary Committee  **  Denotes nomination awaiting final confirmation by the full Senate

More information #, Judge ...

United States Court of International Trade

More information #, Judge ...

Specialty courts (Article I)

United States Court of Federal Claims

 *  Denotes nomination pending before the Senate Judiciary Committee  **  Denotes nomination awaiting final confirmation by the full Senate

More information #, Judge ...

United States Tax Court

 *  Denotes nomination pending before the Senate Finance Committee  **  Denotes nomination reported by the Senate Finance Committee

More information #, Judge ...

United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces

More information #, Judge ...

Territorial courts (Article IV)

More information #, Judge ...

See also

Notes

  1. [N 1]
    This includes five courts of appeals and eight district court vacancies without set dates for the vacancies. In practice, this generally means that the judge will assume senior status upon the confirmation of their successor.
  2. [N 2]
    The Federal Judicial Center notes that Jackson received her commission on April 8, 2022, however, Justice Stephen Breyer did not assume senior status until noon on June 30, 2022, at which time Jackson took her constitutional and judicial oaths soon after.
  3. [N 3]
    See List of United States district and territorial courts
  4. [N 4]
    Manglona was first appointed as judge by President Obama on July 29, 2011. Her commission expired on July 28, 2021, but she continued to serve until a successor was appointed. She was renominated to the position by President Biden and confirmed.
Courts
    Renominations
    1. [R 1]
      Originally nominated on February 25, 2016, by President Obama. That nomination expired on January 3, 2017. Renominated by President Biden to a different seat on the same court on September 20, 2021.
    2. [R 2]
      Initial nomination was returned on January 3, 2022. Subsequently renominated the same day.
    3. [R 3]
      Initial nomination was returned on January 3, 2023. Subsequently renominated the same day.
    4. [R 4]
      Initial nomination was returned on January 3, 2024. Subsequently renominated on January 8, 2024.
    5. [R 5]
      Originally nominated on February 26, 2015, by President Obama. That nomination expired on January 3, 2017. Renominated by President Biden to a different seat on the same court on April 19, 2021.
    6. [R 6]
      Originally nominated on April 28, 2016, by President Obama. That nomination expired on January 3, 2017. Renominated by President Biden to a different seat on the same court on April 19, 2021.
    7. [R 7]
      Originally nominated on April 28, 2016, by President Obama. That nomination expired on January 3, 2017. Renominated by President Biden to a different seat on the same court on June 15, 2021.
    8. [R 8]
      Originally nominated on September 8, 2020, by President Trump. That nomination expired on January 3, 2021. Renominated by President Biden on December 15, 2021.
    9. [R 9]
      Originally nominated on April 28, 2016, by President Obama. That nomination expired on January 3, 2017. Renominated by President Biden on November 3, 2021. That nomination was returned on January 3, 2022. Subsequently renominated that same day.
    10. [R 10]
      Originally nominated on February 12, 2020, by President Trump. That nomination expired on January 3, 2021. Renominated by President Biden on January 19, 2022.
    11. [R 11]
      Initial nomination was returned on January 3, 2023. Subsequently renominated on January 23, 2023.
    12. [R 12]
      Initial nomination was returned on January 3, 2022. Subsequently renominated the same day. Nomination returned on January 3, 2023. Subsequently renominated the same day.
    13. [R 13]
      Originally nominated on January 10, 2024, to a seat on the Western District of Texas. Nomination withdrawn and renominated to a different seat on February 7, 2024.
    14. [R 14]
      Originally nominated on May 21, 2014, by President Obama. That nomination was returned on December 16, 2014. Renominated on January 7, 2015, but was expired on January 3, 2017. Renominated by President Biden on July 13, 2021, but was withdrawn on October 5, 2021 to include corrected information. It was resubmitted on the same day.

    Confirmation votes
    Article III

    Supreme Court
    1. [S 1]
      "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Ketanji Brown Jackson, of the District of Columbia, to be an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States)". United States Senate. April 7, 2022. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
    Votes
      Courts of appeals
      1. [A 1]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Ketanji Brown Jackson, of the District of Columbia, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the District of Columbia Circuit)". United States Senate. June 14, 2021. Retrieved June 14, 2021.
      2. [A 2]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Candace Jackson-Akiwumi, of Illinois, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Seventh Circuit)". United States Senate. June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 24, 2021.
      3. [A 3]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Tiffany P. Cunningham, of Illinois, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Federal Circuit)". United States Senate. July 19, 2021. Retrieved July 19, 2021.
      4. [A 4]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Eunice C. Lee, of New York, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Second Circuit)". United States Senate. August 7, 2021. Retrieved August 7, 2021.
      5. [A 5]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Veronica S. Rossman, of Colorado, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Tenth Circuit)". United States Senate. September 20, 2021. Retrieved September 20, 2021.
      6. [A 6]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Gustavo A. Gelpí, of Puerto Rico, to be United States Circuit Judge for the First Circuit)". United States Senate. October 18, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2021.
      7. [A 7]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Myrna Pérez, of New York, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Second Circuit)". United States Senate. October 25, 2021. Retrieved October 25, 2021.
      8. [A 8]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Beth Robinson, of Vermont, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Second Circuit)". United States Senate. November 1, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
      9. [A 9]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Toby J. Heytens, of Virginia, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Fourth Circuit)". United States Senate. November 1, 2021. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
      10. [A 10]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Lucy H. Koh, of California, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit)". United States Senate. December 13, 2021. Retrieved December 13, 2021.
      11. [A 11]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jennifer Sung, of Oregon, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit)". United States Senate. December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
      12. [A 12]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Gabriel P. Sanchez, of California, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit)". United States Senate. January 12, 2022. Retrieved January 12, 2022.
      13. [A 13]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Holly A. Thomas, of California, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit)". United States Senate. January 20, 2022. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
      14. [A 14]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Leonard Philip Stark, of Delaware, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Federal Circuit)". United States Senate. February 9, 2022. Retrieved February 9, 2022.
      15. [A 15]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Alison Nathan of New York, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Second Circuit)". United States Senate. March 23, 2022. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
      16. [A 16]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Stephanie Dawkins Davis, of Michigan, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Sixth Circuit)". United States Senate. May 24, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
      17. [A 17]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Julianna Michelle Childs, of South Carolina, to be United States Circuit Judge for the District of Columbia Circuit)". United States Senate. July 19, 2022. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
      18. [A 18]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Roopali H. Desai, of Arizona, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit)". United States Senate. August 4, 2022. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
      19. [A 19]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: John Z. Lee, of Illinois, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Seventh Circuit)". United States Senate. September 7, 2022. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
      20. [A 20]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Andre B. Mathis, of Tennessee, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Sixth Circuit)". United States Senate. September 8, 2022. Retrieved September 8, 2022.
      21. [A 21]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Salvador Mendoza Jr., of Washington, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit)". United States Senate. September 12, 2022. Retrieved September 12, 2022.
      22. [A 22]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Lara E. Montecalvo, of Rhode Island, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the First Circuit)". United States Senate. September 14, 2022. Retrieved September 14, 2022.
      23. [A 23]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Sarah A.L. Merriam, of Connecticut, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Second Circuit)". United States Senate. September 15, 2022. Retrieved September 15, 2022.
      24. [A 24]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Florence Y. Pan, of the District of Columbia, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the District of Columbia Circuit)". United States Senate. September 20, 2022. Retrieved September 20, 2022.
      25. [A 25]
        "On the Nomination (Upon Reconsideration, Confirmation: Arianna J. Freeman, of Pennsylvania, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Third Circuit)". United States Senate. September 29, 2022. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
      26. [A 26]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Doris Pryor, of Indiana, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Seventh Circuit)". United States Senate. December 5, 2022. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
      27. [A 27]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Tamika Montgomery-Reeves, of Delaware, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Third Circuit)". United States Senate. December 12, 2022. Retrieved December 12, 2022.
      28. [A 28]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Dana M. Douglas, of Louisiana, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Fifth Circuit)". United States Senate. December 13, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2022.
      29. [A 29]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: DeAndrea Gist Benjamin, of South Carolina, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Fourth Circuit)". United States Senate. February 9, 2023. Retrieved February 9, 2023.
      30. [A 30]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Cindy K. Chung, of Pennsylvania, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Third Circuit)". United States Senate. February 13, 2023. Retrieved February 13, 2023.
      31. [A 31]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Maria Araujo Kahn, of Connecticut, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Second Circuit)". United States Senate. March 9, 2023. Retrieved March 9, 2023.
      32. [A 32]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Anthony Devos Johnstone, of Montana, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit)". United States Senate. May 1, 2023. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
      33. [A 33]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Bradley N. Garcia, of Maryland, to be United States Circuit Judge for the District of Columbia Circuit)". United States Senate. May 15, 2023. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
      34. [A 34]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Nancy G. Abudu, of Georgia, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Eleventh Circuit)". United States Senate. May 15, 2023. Retrieved May 17, 2023.
      35. [A 35]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Julie Rikelman, of Massachusetts, to be United States Circuit Judge for the First Circuit)". United States Senate. June 20, 2023. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
      36. [A 36]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Rachel Bloomekatz, of Ohio, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Sixth Circuit)". United States Senate. July 18, 2023. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
      37. [A 37]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Ana de Alba, of California, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Ninth Circuit)". United States Senate. November 13, 2023. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
      38. [A 38]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Irma Carrillo Ramirez, of Texas, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Fifth Circuit)". United States Senate. December 4, 2023. Retrieved December 4, 2023.
      39. [A 39]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Richard Federico, of Kansas, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Tenth Circuit)". United States Senate. December 11, 2023. Retrieved December 11, 2023.
      40. [A 40]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Joshua Paul Kolar, of Indiana, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Seventh Circuit)". United States Senate. January 30, 2024. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
      41. [A 41]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Nicole G. Berner, of Maryland, to be United States Circuit Judge for the Fourth Circuit)". United States Senate. March 19, 2024. Retrieved March 19, 2024.
      District courts
      1. [D 1]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Julien Xavier Neals, of New Jersey, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of New Jersey)". United States Senate. June 8, 2021. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
      2. [D 2]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Regina M. Rodriguez, of Colorado, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Colorado)". United States Senate. June 8, 2021. Retrieved June 8, 2021.
      3. [D 3]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Zahid N. Quraishi, of New Jersey, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of New Jersey)". United States Senate. June 10, 2021. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
      4. [D 4]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Lydia Kay Griggsby, of Maryland, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Maryland)". United States Senate. June 16, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2021.
      5. [D 5]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Deborah L. Boardman, of Maryland, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Maryland)". United States Senate. June 23, 2021. Retrieved June 23, 2021.
      6. [D 6]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: David G. Estudillo, of Washington, to be United States District Judge for the Western District of Washington)". United States Senate. September 14, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2021.
      7. [D 7]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Angel Kelley, of Massachusetts, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Massachusetts)". United States Senate. September 14, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2021.
      8. [D 8]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Margaret Irene Strickland, of New Mexico, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of New Mexico)". United States Senate. September 21, 2021. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
      9. [D 9]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Florence Y. Pan, of the District of Columbia, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Columbia)". United States Senate. September 15, 2021. Retrieved September 23, 2021.
      10. [D 10]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Lauren J. King, of Washington, to be U.S. District Judge for the Western District of Washington)". United States Senate. October 5, 2021. Retrieved October 5, 2021.
      11. [D 11]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Sarah A. L. Merriam, of Connecticut, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Connecticut)". United States Senate. October 6, 2021. Retrieved October 6, 2021.
      12. [D 12]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Christine P. O'Hearn, of New Jersey, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of New Jersey)". United States Senate. October 19, 2021. Retrieved October 19, 2021.
      13. [D 13]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Tana Lin, of Washington, to be U.S. District Judge for the Western District of Washington)". United States Senate. October 21, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2021.
      14. [D 14]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jia M. Cobb, of Virginia, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Columbia)". United States Senate. October 26, 2021. Retrieved October 26, 2021.
      15. [D 15]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Karen McGlashan Williams, of New Jersey, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of New Jersey)". United States Senate. October 26, 2021. Retrieved October 26, 2021.
      16. [D 16]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Patricia Tolliver Giles, of Virginia, to be U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of Virginia)". United States Senate. October 26, 2021. Retrieved October 26, 2021.
      17. [D 17]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Michael S. Nachmanoff, of Virginia, to be U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of Virginia)". United States Senate. October 27, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
      18. [D 18]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Sarala Vidya Nagala, of Connecticut, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Connecticut)". United States Senate. October 27, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2021.
      19. [D 19]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Omar Antonio Williams, of Connecticut, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Connecticut)". United States Senate. October 28, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.
      20. [D 20]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Samantha D. Elliott, of New Hampshire, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of New Hampshire)". United States Senate. December 15, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.
      21. [D 21]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Linda Lopez, of California, to be U.S. District Judge for the Southern District of California)". United States Senate. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
      22. [D 22]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jinsook Ohta, of California, to be U.S. District Judge for the Southern District of California)". United States Senate. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
      23. [D 23]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: David Herrera Urias, of New Mexico, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of New Mexico)". United States Senate. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
      24. [D 24]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Maame Ewusi-Mensah Frimpong, of California, to be U.S. District Judge for the Central District of California)". United States Senate. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
      25. [D 25]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jane M. Beckering, of Michigan, to be U.S. District Judge for the Western District of Michigan)". United States Senate. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
      26. [D 26]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Shalina D. Kumar, of Michigan, to be U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of Michigan)". United States Senate. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
      27. [D 27]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jennifer L. Thurston, of California, to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of California)". United States Senate. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
      28. [D 28]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Katherine Marie Menendez, of Minnesota, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Minnesota)". United States Senate. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
      29. [D 29]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Mary Katherine Dimke, of Washington, to be U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of Washington)". United States Senate. December 17, 2021. Retrieved December 17, 2021.
      30. [D 30]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Bridget Meehan Brennan, of Ohio, to be U.S. District Judge for the Northern District of Ohio)". United States Senate. February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
      31. [D 31]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Charles Esque Fleming, of Ohio, to be U.S. District Judge for the Northern District of Ohio)". United States Senate. February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
      32. [D 32]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: David Augustin Ruiz, of Ohio, to be U.S. District Judge for the Northern District of Ohio)". United States Senate. February 1, 2022. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
      33. [D 33]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jacqueline Scott Corley, of California, to be U.S. District Judge for the Northern District of California)". United States Senate. March 17, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
      34. [D 34]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Fred W. Slaughter, of California, to be U.S. District Judge for the Central District of California)". United States Senate. March 17, 2022. Retrieved March 17, 2022.
      35. [D 35]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Ruth Bermudez Montenegro, of California, to be U.S. District Judge for the Southern District of California)". United States Senate. March 22, 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
      36. [D 36]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Victoria Marie Calvert, of Georgia, to be U.S. District Judge for the Northern District of Georgia)". United States Senate. March 22, 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2022.
      37. [D 37]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Julie Rubin, of Maryland, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Maryland)". United States Senate. March 23, 2022. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
      38. [D 38]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Hector Gonzalez, of New York, to be U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of New York)". United States Senate. March 23, 2022. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
      39. [D 39]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: John H. Chun, of Washington, to be U.S. District Judge for the Western District of Washington)". United States Senate. March 23, 2022. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
      40. [D 40]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Christina D. Silva, of Nevada, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Nevada)". United States Senate. March 23, 2022. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
      41. [D 41]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Anne Rachel Traum, of Nevada, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Nevada)". United States Senate. March 23, 2022. Retrieved March 23, 2022.
      42. [D 42]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Sarah Elizabeth Geraghty, of Georgia, to be U.S. District Judge for the Northern District of Georgia)". United States Senate. March 31, 2022. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
      43. [D 43]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Georgette Castner, of New Jersey, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of New Jersey)". United States Senate. March 31, 2022. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
      44. [D 44]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Sherilyn Peace Garnett, of California, to be U.S. District Judge for the Central District of California)". United States Senate. April 27, 2022. Retrieved April 27, 2022.
      45. [D 45]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jennifer Louise Rochon, of New York, to be U.S. District Judge for the Southern District of New York)". United States Senate. May 18, 2022. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
      46. [D 46]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Trina L. Thompson, of California, to be U.S. District Judge for the Northern District of California)". United States Senate. May 18, 2022. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
      47. [D 47]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Sunshine Suzanne Sykes, of California, to be U.S. District Judge for the Central District of California)". United States Senate. May 18, 2022. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
      48. [D 48]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Evelyn Padin, of New Jersey, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of New Jersey)". United States Senate. May 25, 2022. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
      49. [D 49]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Charlotte N. Sweeney, of Colorado, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Colorado)". United States Senate. May 25, 2022. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
      50. [D 50]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Nina Morrison, of New York, to be U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of New York)". United States Senate. June 8, 2022. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
      51. [D 51]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Robert Steven Huie, of California, to be U.S. District Judge for the Southern District of California)". United States Senate. June 9, 2022. Retrieved June 9, 2022.
      52. [D 52]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Ana Isabel de Alba, of California, to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of California)". United States Senate. June 21, 2022. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
      53. [D 53]
        "PN1967 — Stephen Henley Locher — The Judiciary". United States Senate. April 25, 2022. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
      54. [D 54]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Nina Nin-Yuen Wang, of Colorado, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Colorado)". United States Senate. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
      55. [D 55]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Nancy L. Maldonado, of Illinois, to be U.S. District Judge for the Northern District of Illinois)". United States Senate. July 19, 2022. Retrieved July 19, 2022.
      56. [D 56]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Gregory Brian Williams, of Delaware, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Delaware)". United States Senate. July 20, 2022. Retrieved July 20, 2022.
      57. [D 57]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Elizabeth Wilson Hanes, of Virginia, to be U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of Virginia)". United States Senate. August 2, 2022. Retrieved August 2, 2022.
      58. [D 58]
        "PN1687 — Jennifer H. Rearden — The Judiciary". United States Senate. January 19, 2022. Retrieved September 8, 2022.
      59. [D 59]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Maria del R. Antongiorgi-Jordan, of Puerto Rico, to be United States District Judge for the District of Puerto Rico)". United States Senate. November 15, 2022. Retrieved November 15, 2022.
      60. [D 60]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Camille L. Velez-Rive, of Puerto Rico, to be United States District Judge for the District of Puerto Rico)". United States Senate. November 30, 2022. Retrieved November 30, 2022.
      61. [D 61]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Anne M. Nardacci, of New York, to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of New York)". United States Senate. November 30, 2022. Retrieved November 30, 2022.
      62. [D 62]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Frances Kay Behm, of Michigan, to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Michigan)". United States Senate. December 6, 2022. Retrieved December 6, 2022.
      63. [D 63]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Kelley Brisbon Hodge, of Pennsylvania, to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania)". United States Senate. December 6, 2022. Retrieved December 6, 2022.
      64. [D 64]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Mia Roberts Perez, of Pennsylvania, to U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania)". United States Senate. December 7, 2022. Retrieved December 7, 2022.
      65. [D 65]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Kai N. Scott, of Pennsylvania, to U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania)". United States Senate. December 7, 2022. Retrieved December 7, 2022.
      66. [D 66]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: John Frank Murphy, of Pennsylvania, to U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania)". United States Senate. December 7, 2022. Retrieved December 7, 2022.
      67. [D 67]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jerry W. Blackwell, of Minnesota, to be United States District Judge for the District of Minnesota)". United States Senate. December 7, 2022. Retrieved December 7, 2022.
      68. [D 68]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jeffery P. Hopkins, of Ohio, to be United States District Judge for the Southern District of Ohio)". United States Senate. December 8, 2022. Retrieved December 8, 2022.
      69. [D 69]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Gina R. Mendez-Miro, of Puerto Rico, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Puerto Rico)". United States Senate. February 14, 2023. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
      70. [D 70]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Lindsay C. Jenkins, of Illinois, to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of Illinois)". United States Senate. February 14, 2023. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
      71. [D 71]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Matthew L. Garcia, of New Mexico, to be United States District Judge for the District of New Mexico)". United States Senate. February 14, 2023. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
      72. [D 72]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Adrienne C. Nelson, of Oregon, to be United States District Judge for the District of Oregon)". United States Senate. February 15, 2023. Retrieved February 15, 2023.
      73. [D 73]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Ana C. Reyes, of the District of Columbia, to be United States District Judge for the District of District of Columbia)". United States Senate. February 15, 2023. Retrieved February 15, 2023.
      74. [D 74]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Daniel Calabretta, of California, to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of California)". United States Senate. February 16, 2023. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
      75. [D 75]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jamar K. Walker, of Virginia, to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Virginia)". United States Senate. February 28, 2023. Retrieved February 28, 2023.
      76. [D 76]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jamal N. Whitehead, of Washington, to be U.S. District Judge for the Western District of Washington)". United States Senate. February 28, 2023. Retrieved February 28, 2023.
      77. [D 77]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Araceli Martinez-Olguin, of California, to be U.S. District Judge for the Northern District of California)". United States Senate. February 28, 2023. Retrieved February 28, 2023.
      78. [D 78]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Margaret R. Guzman, of Massachusetts, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Massachusetts)". United States Senate. March 1, 2023. Retrieved March 1, 2023.
      79. [D 79]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Colleen R. Lawless, of Illinois, to be U.S. District Judge for the Central District of Illinois)". United States Senate. March 2, 2023. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
      80. [D 80]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jonathan James Canada Grey, of Michigan, to be U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of Michigan)". United States Senate. March 2, 2023. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
      81. [D 81]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Robert Stewart Ballou, of Virginia, to be U.S. District Judge for the Western District of Virginia)". United States Senate. March 7, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2023.
      82. [D 82]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Andrew G. Schopler, of California, to be U.S. District Judge for the Southern District of California)". United States Senate. March 7, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2023.
      83. [D 83]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Arun Subramanian, of New York, to be U.S. District Judge for the Southern District of New York)". United States Senate. March 7, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2023.
      84. [D 84]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: James Edward Simmons Jr., of California, to be U.S. District Judge for the Southern District of California)". United States Senate. March 9, 2023. Retrieved March 9, 2023.
      85. [D 85]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jessica G. L. Clarke, of New York, to be U.S. District Judge for the Southern District of New York)". United States Senate. March 16, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.
      86. [D 86]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Gordon Gallagher, of Colorado, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Colorado)". United States Senate. March 22, 2023. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
      87. [D 87]
        "PN98 — Matthew P. Brookman — The Judiciary". United States Senate. January 3, 2023. Retrieved March 29, 2023.
      88. [D 88]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Michael Farbiarz, of New Jersey, to be United States District Judge for the District of New Jersey)". United States Senate. May 2, 2023. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
      89. [D 89]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Robert Kirsch, of New Jersey, to be United States District Judge for the District of New Jersey)". United States Senate. May 2, 2023. Retrieved May 2, 2023.
      90. [D 90]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Orelia Eleta Merchant, of New York, to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of New York)". United States Senate. May 3, 2023. Retrieved May 3, 2023.
      91. [D 91]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Wesley L. Hsu, of California, to be United States District Judge for the Central District of California)". United States Senate. May 3, 2023. Retrieved May 3, 2023.
      92. [D 92]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: LaShonda A. Hunt, of Illinois, to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of Illinois)". United States Senate. May 4, 2023. Retrieved May 4, 2023.
      93. [D 93]
        "PN286 — Amanda K. Brailsford — The Judiciary". senate.gov. January 31, 2023. Retrieved May 4, 2023.
      94. [D 94]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jeremy C. Daniel, of Illinois, to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of Illinois)". United States Senate. May 17, 2023. Retrieved May 17, 2023.
      95. [D 95]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Darrel James Papillion, of Louisiana, to be U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of Louisiana)". United States Senate. May 30, 2023. Retrieved May 30, 2023.
      96. [D 96]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Hernan D. Vera, of California, to be United States District Judge for the Central District of California)". United States Senate. June 13, 2023. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
      97. [D 97]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: P. Casey Pitts, of California, to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of California)". United States Senate. June 14, 2023. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
      98. [D 98]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Dale E. Ho, of New York, to be United States District Judge for the Southern District of New York)". United States Senate. June 14, 2023. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
      99. [D 99]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Nusrat Jahan Choudhury, of New York, to be U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of New York)". United States Senate. June 15, 2023. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
      100. [D ..0]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Natasha C. Merle, of New York, to be U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of New York)". United States Senate. June 21, 2023. Retrieved June 21, 2023.
      101. [D ..1]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Kymberly Kathryn Evanson, of Washington, to be United States District Judge for the Western District of Washington)". United States Senate. July 11, 2023. Retrieved July 11, 2023.
      102. [D ..2]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Tiffany M. Cartwright, of Washington, to be United States District Judge for the Western District of Washington)". United States Senate. July 12, 2023. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
      103. [D ..3]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Myong J. Joun, of Massachusetts, to be United States District Judge for the District of Massachusetts)". United States Senate. July 12, 2023. Retrieved July 12, 2023.
      104. [D ..4]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jeffrey Irvine Cummings, of Illinois, to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of Illinois)". United States Senate. September 12, 2023. Retrieved September 12, 2023.
      105. [D ..5]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Vernon D. Oliver, of Connecticut, to be United States District Judge for the District of Connecticut)". United States Senate. September 19, 2023. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
      106. [D ..6]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Rita F. Lin to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of California)". United States Senate. September 19, 2023. Retrieved September 19, 2023.
      107. [D ..7]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Brendan Abell Hurson, of Maryland, to be United States District Judge for the District of Maryland)". United States Senate. October 4, 2023. Retrieved October 4, 2023.
      108. [D ..8]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Susan Kim DeClercq, of Michigan, to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Michigan)". United States Senate. October 4, 2023. Retrieved October 4, 2023.
      109. [D ..9]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jennifer L. Hall, of Pennsylvania, to be United States District Judge for the District of Delaware)". United States Senate. October 17, 2023. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
      110. [D ..0]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Julia Kathleen Munley, of Pennsylvania, to be United States District Judge for the Middle District of Pennsylvania)". United States Senate. October 17, 2023. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
      111. [D ..1]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Matthew James Maddox, of Maryland, to be United States District Judge for the District of Maryland)". United States Senate. October 31, 2023. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
      112. [D ..2]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Kenly Kiya Kato, of California, to be United States District Judge for the Central District of California)". United States Senate. November 7, 2023. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
      113. [D ..3]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Julia E. Kobick, of Massachusetts, to be United States District Judge for the District of Massachusetts)". United States Senate. November 7, 2023. Retrieved November 7, 2023.
      114. [D ..4]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Ramon Ernesto Reyes, Jr., of New York, to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of New York)". United States Senate. November 8, 2023. Retrieved November 8, 2023.
      115. [D ..5]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Monica Ramirez Almadani, of California, to be United States District Judge for the Central District of California)". United States Senate. November 9, 2023. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
      116. [D ..6]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Brandy R. McMillion, of Michigan, to be U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of Michigan)". United States Senate. November 9, 2023. Retrieved November 9, 2023.
      117. [D ..7]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jeffrey M. Bryan, of Minnesota, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Minnesota)". United States Senate. November 28, 2023. Retrieved November 28, 2023.
      118. [D ..8]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Margaret M. Garnett, of New York, to be U.S. District Judge for the Southern District of New York)". United States Senate. November 28, 2023. Retrieved November 28, 2023.
      119. [D ..9]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Micah W.J. Smith, of Hawaii, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Hawaii)". United States Senate. November 29, 2023. Retrieved November 29, 2023.
      120. [D ..0]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jamel Semper, of New Jersey, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of New Jersey)". United States Senate. November 29, 2023. Retrieved November 29, 2023.
      121. [D ..1]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Shanlyn A.S. Park, of Hawaii, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Hawaii)". United States Senate. November 30, 2023. Retrieved November 30, 2023.
      122. [D ..2]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Loren L. AliKhan, of the District of Columbia, to be U.S. District Judge for the District of Columbia)". United States Senate. December 5, 2023. Retrieved December 5, 2023.
      123. [D ..3]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jerry Edwards Jr., of Louisiana, to be U.S. District Judge for the Western District of Louisiana)". United States Senate. December 14, 2023. Retrieved December 14, 2023.
      124. [D ..4]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Brandon S. Long, of Louisiana, to be U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of Louisiana)". United States Senate. December 14, 2023. Retrieved December 14, 2023.
      125. [D ..5]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Sara E. Hill, of Oklahoma, to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of Oklahoma)". United States Senate. December 19, 2023. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
      126. [D ..6]
        "PN1106 — John David Russell — The Judiciary". United States Senate. December 19, 2023. Retrieved December 19, 2023.
      127. [D ..7]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: John A. Kazen, of Texas, to be United States District Judge for the Southern District of Texas)". United States Senate. January 9, 2024. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
      128. [D ..8]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: S. Kato Crews, of Colorado, to be United States District Judge for the District of Colorado)". United States Senate. January 10, 2024. Retrieved January 10, 2024.
      129. [D ..9]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jacquelyn D. Austin, of South Carolina, to be United States District Judge for the District of South Carolina)". United States Senate. January 24, 2024. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
      130. [D ..0]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Cristal C. Brisco, of Indiana, to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of Indiana)". United States Senate. January 24, 2024. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
      131. [D ..1]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Gretchen S. Lund, of Indiana, to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of Indiana)". United States Senate. January 25, 2024. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
      132. [D ..2]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Kirk Edward Sherriff, of California, to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of California)". United States Senate. January 31, 2024. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
      133. [D ..3]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Karoline Mehalchick, of Pennsylvania, to be United States District Judge for the Middle District of Pennsylvania)". United States Senate. January 31, 2024. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
      134. [D ..4]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Amy M. Baggio, of Oregon, to be United States District Judge for the District of Oregon)". United States Senate. February 6, 2024. Retrieved February 6, 2024.
      135. [D ..5]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jacqueline Becerra, of Florida, to be United States District Judge for the Southern District of Florida)". United States Senate. February 27, 2024. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
      136. [D ..6]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: David Seymour Leibowitz, of Florida, to be United States District Judge for the Southern District of Florida)". United States Senate. February 27, 2024. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
      137. [D ..7]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Julie Simone Sneed, of Florida, to be United States District Judge for the Middle District of Florida)". United States Senate. February 28, 2024. Retrieved February 28, 2024.
      138. [D ..8]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Melissa Damian, of Florida, to be United States District Judge for the Southern District of Florida)". United States Senate. February 28, 2024. Retrieved February 28, 2024.
      139. [D ..9]
        "PN1294 — Kelly Harrison Rankin — The Judiciary". United States Senate. March 7, 2024. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
      140. [D ..0]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Jasmine Hyejung Yoon, of Virginia, to be United States District Judge for the Western District of Virginia)". United States Senate. March 12, 2024. Retrieved March 12, 2024.
      141. [D ..1]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Sunil R. Harjani, of Illinois, to be United States District Judge for the Northern District of Illinois)". United States Senate. March 12, 2024. Retrieved March 12, 2024.
      142. [D ..2]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Melissa R. DuBose, of Rhode Island, to be United States District Judge for the District of Rhode Island)". United States Senate. March 12, 2024. Retrieved March 12, 2024.
      143. [D ..3]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Edward Sunyol Kiel, of New Jersey, to be United States District Judge for the District of New Jersey)". United States Senate. March 20, 2024. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
      144. [D ..4]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Eumi K. Lee, of California, to be U.S. District Judge for the Northern District of California)". United States Senate. March 20, 2024. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
      145. [D ..5]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Ernest Gonzalez, of Texas, to be United States District Judge for the Western District of Texas)". United States Senate. March 22, 2024. Retrieved March 22, 2024.
      146. [D ..6]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Leon Schydlower, of Texas, to be United States District Judge for the Western District of Texas)". United States Senate. March 22, 2024. Retrieved March 22, 2024.
      147. [D ..7]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Susan M. Bazis, of Nebraska, to be United States District Judge for the District of Nebraska)". United States Senate. April 9, 2024. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
      148. [D ..8]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Robert J. White, of Michigan, to be United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Michigan)". United States Senate. April 9, 2024. Retrieved April 9, 2024.
      149. [D ..9]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Ann Marie McIff Allen, of Utah, to be United States District Judge for the District of Utah)". United States Senate. April 10, 2024. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
      International Trade
      1. [I 1]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Lisa W. Wang, of the District of Columbia, to be a Judge of the U.S. Court of International Trade)". United States Senate. February 1, 2024. Retrieved February 1, 2024.
      2. [I 2]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Joseph Albert Laroski, of Maryland, to be a Judge of the U.S. Court of International Trade)". United States Senate. February 5, 2024. Retrieved February 5, 2024.

      Article I

      Court of Federal Claims
      1. [F 1]
        "PN1233 — Armando O. Bonilla — The Judiciary". United States Senate. October 5, 2021. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
      2. [F 2]
        "PN805 — Carolyn N. Lerner — The Judiciary". United States Senate. July 13, 2021. Retrieved December 21, 2021.
      3. [F 3]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Molly R. Silfen, of the District of Columbia, to be a Judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims)". United States Senate. June 8, 2023. Retrieved June 8, 2023.
      4. [F 4]
        "PN770 — Philip S. Hadji — The Judiciary". United States Senate. June 8, 2023. Retrieved September 21, 2023.
      Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
      1. [A 1]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Musetta Tia Johnson, of Virginia, to be a Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces)". United States Senate. December 15, 2022. Retrieved December 15, 2022.

      Article IV

      1. [T 1]
        "On the Nomination (Confirmation: Ramona Villagomez Manglona, of the Northern Mariana Islands, to be Judge for the District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands)". United States Senate. April 16, 2024. Retrieved April 16, 2024.

      References

      1. [1]
        All information on the names, terms of service, and details of appointment of federal judges is derived from the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public-domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
      2. [2]
        Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts. "Judicial Vacancies". Retrieved February 15, 2024.
      3. [3]
        Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts. "Current Vacancies". Retrieved February 15, 2024.
      4. [4]
        Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts. "Future Vacancies". Retrieved February 15, 2024.
      5. [5]
        Raymond, Nate (January 29, 2024). "6th Circuit's Stranch to take senior status, creating court vacancy". Reuters.
      6. [6]
        Edmondson, Catie (December 18, 2021). "Senate Confirms Biden's 40th Judge, Tying a Reagan-Era Record". The New York Times. Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021.
      7. [7]
        "President Biden designates Elaine D. Kaplan as Chief Judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims". www.uscfc.uscourts.gov. March 2, 2021. Archived from the original on October 9, 2021. Retrieved March 3, 2021.
      8. [8]
        28 U.S.C. § 453
      9. [9]
        Although under the Judiciary Act a judge must take the judicial oath "before performing the duties of his office",[8] this article uses the date they receive their commission as the date they begin service because this information is readily available from the Federal Judicial Center. When a judge receives their commission and takes their judicial oath on different days, this will result in inconsistencies with other articles.
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