List_of_folk_heroes

List of folk heroes

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This is a list of folk heroes, a type of hero – real, fictional or mythological – with their name, personality and deeds embedded in the popular consciousness of a people, mentioned frequently in folk songs, folk tales and other folklore; and with modern trope status in literature, art and films.

Historically documented

Early modern period (1500–1800)

Dulla Bhatti – A 16th century folk hero from Punjab, known for rebelling against the Mughal authorities due to their unfair taxation system.
Bayinnaung – Myanmar, king of the Toungoo Dynasty, assembled what was probably the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia.
Yuan Chonghuan – China, Ming general best known for defending Liaoning from Jurchen invaders during the Later Jin invasion of the Ming and defeated Nurhaci.
Stefan Czarniecki – Poland, nobleman, statesman, military commander; led Poland through the Russo-Polish war, Khmelnytsky uprising and the Deluge.
Nils Dacke – Sweden, leader of a 16th-century peasant revolt.
Ahmad Shah Durrani – Afghanistan, founder of the Afghan Durrani Empire.
Guy Fawkes – England, Roman Catholic restorationist from England who planned the Gunpowder Plot.
Wojciech Bartosz Głowacki – Poland, he became a Polish national hero during the battle of Racławice on 4 April 1794, when he captured a Russian cannon by putting out the fuse with his hat
Ishikawa Goemon – Japan, bandit hero famous for robbing the rich and giving to the poor, though some accounts suggest he may have kept much of his ill-gotten gains. Before being boiled in oil, he saved his infant son at the cost of his own life.
Nathan Hale – United States, a captain in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.
Piet Hein – Netherlands, captured the Spanish treasure fleet.
Juraj Jánošík – Slovak outlaw living in the Tatra mountains, defending Carpathian peasants from the tyranny of Hungarian landlords.
Koxinga – Chinese Ming loyalist who resisted the Qing conquest of China in the 17th century and defeated the Dutch in Formosa.
Shivaji – India, founder of the Maratha empire and leader of resistance to Mughal rule.
Lapulapu – Philippines, best known for the Battle of Mactan that happened at dawn on 27 April 1521, where he and his soldiers defeated Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan.
Blas de Lezo – Colombia, was a Spanish navy officer best remembered for the Battle of Cartagena de Indias (1741) in modern-day Colombia, where Spanish imperial forces under his command decisively defeated a large British invasion.
Lempira – Honduras, was a leader of the revolution against the Spaniards.
Louis Mandrin – France, bandit of the 18th century liked by the population because he attacked the tax collectors.
Maharana Pratap – India, a 16th-century Hindu ruler and Rajput hero.
Redmond O'Hanlon – Irish, rapparee of the 17th century.
Daniel Shays – American farmer who led Shays' Rebellion in the late 18th century over debt and taxes.
Ivan Susanin – Russia, Russian peasant who saved the tsar in the early 17th century Time of Troubles.
Yermak Timofeyevich – Russia, Russian Cossack leader who began the Russian conquest of Siberia.
George Washington – United States, first president and Revolutionary War commander.
Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette – United States, was a French aristocrat and military officer who fought in the American Revolutionary War, commanding American troops in several battles, including the Siege of Yorktown
Giovanni Maria Angioy – Sardinia, leader of Sardinian revolution against House of Savoy in 1794.
Kuzma Minin – Russia, became a national hero for his role in defending the country against the Polish invasion in the early-17th century together with Dmitry Pozharsky
Lin Zexu – China, patriotic Qing official who advocated the harmfulness of opium which led to the Destruction of opium at Humen
Pocahontas – Native American princess who saved the life of John Smith
Dmitry Pozharsky – Russia, became a national hero for his role in defending the country against the Polish invasion in the early-17th century together with Kuzma Minin
Betsy Ross – Sewed the 1st American flag for George Washington
Miyamoto Musashi – Japan, a skilled swordsman, soldier, philosopher and author
Naresuan – Thailand, one of the most revered monarchs as he is known for his campaigns to free Ayutthaya from the vassalage of the Taungoo Empire
Ram Singh Malam – India, a navigator and craftsmen from 18th-century Kutch region. Introduced European crafts in the region
Taksin – Thailand, king of the Thonburi Kingdom, liberation of Siam from Burmese occupation after the Second Fall of Ayutthaya in 1767, and the subsequent unification of Siam
Dun Mikiel Xerri – Malta, a Catholic priest who was the head of a failed revolt against the French during the French occupation of Malta and subsequently executed by firing squad.^[16]
Muhammad Thakurufaanu - Maldives, led a successful rebellion against the Portuguese occupation and ended their colonization and genocide of the Maldives. The rebellion was caused when Portugal forcefully imposed Christianity on the Muslim islands with the threat of death.^[17]

Modern period (1800–present)

Giuseppe Musolino – Italian brigand who escaped prison and committed a string of murders while on the run from 1899-1901 against those who testified against him at his first trial; became a hero in Calabria and is the subject of numerous songs and movies
Bhumibol Adulyadej – Thailand, ninth monarch of Chakri dynasty, involved in many social and economic development projects, and highly revered by the people in Thailand.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk – Turkey, he was a revolutionary statesman, successful General and beloved figure who is revered in Turkey.
Ibrahim Nasir - the Maldives, he was prime minister and later president of the Maldives, led the Maldives to independence from the British, officially abolished the monarchy and dogmatic laws, founded the local tourism industry and rapidly developed and modernized the country.
Johnny Appleseed – United States, he introduced the apple to large parts of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.
Józef Piłsudski – First Marshal of Poland, Winner of Battle of Warsaw (1920)
Dokubo-Asari – Nigeria, a political figure who currently fights against western oil companies in the Niger Delta.
Ogedengbe of Ilesa – Nigeria, Yoruba chief and hero of the 1877-1893 Kiriji War
Stepan Bandera – Ukraine, leader of the nationalist and independence movement of Ukraine.
Billy the Kid – United States, a 19th-century American frontier outlaw and gunman.
Black Hawk – Midwestern United States, a Sauk Indian warrior who resisted white settlement.
Simon Bolivar – Venezuelan military and political leader who led the secession of Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Panama
Andrés Bonifacio – Philippines, "The Father of the Philippine Revolution".
Subhas Chandra Bose – India, revolutionary who led the Indian National Army in an attempt to liberate India from British rule.
Hristo Botev – Bulgarian folk hero, poet, revolutionary.
Mohamed Bouazizi – Tunisian fruit vendor who immolated himself in protest of government mistreatment and sparked a successful revolution in that country and the Arab Spring.
Daniel Boone – United States, an American pioneer in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
John Brown – United States, attempted to lead a slave revolt in the south by raiding Harper's Ferry, helped spark the American Civil War.^[18]
Antonio Canepa – Sicily, founder of the Volunteer Army for the Independence of Sicily, he is considered a hero by the Sicilian nationalists.
Butch Cassidy – United States, outlaw and train robber.
Kakutsa Cholokashvili – Georgia, anti-Soviet guerrilla fighter who led the August uprising, national hero of Georgia.
Chulalongkorn – Thailand, fifth monarch under the House of Chakri, all his reforms were dedicated to ensuring Siam's survival in the face of Western colonialism.
Joseph Cinqué – West African man of the Mende tribe, leader of the Amistad slave rebellion.
Gregorio Cortez – Mexican-American folk hero.^[19]
Davy Crockett – United States, an Indian-fighter and Congressman; died fighting in the Alamo.^[20]
George Armstrong Custer – United States, general who died during The Battle of Little Bighorn.
Zerai Deres – Eritrea, Eritrean-born man lionized for his act of vengeance against the Italian Fascists in Rome during an imperial celebration.
John Dillinger – United States, gangster and bank robber. Robbed dozens of banks, escaped from jail multiple times.
Jean-Jacques Dessalines – Leader of the Haitian slave rebellion and the first president of Haiti.
Anton Docher – United States, Roman Catholic missionary and defender of the Native Americans
Juan Pablo Duarte – Dominican revolutionary who was the primary leader of Dominican War of Independence and a leader in the Dominican Restoration War.
in New Mexico, he fought for five years in the French colonial army.
Wyatt Earp – United States, western lawman.
Mike Fink – United States, the toughest boatman on the Mississippi River and a rival of Davy Crockett.^[21]
Mahatma Gandhi – India, the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule, employing non-violent civil disobedience.
José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia – Paraguay, first consul of Paraguay.
Giuseppe Garibaldi – Italy, general, he personally commanded and fought in many military campaigns that led eventually to the formation of a unified Italy.
Geronimo – United States, Apache warrior, fought United States army for years defending his people and homeland.
Gauchito Gil – Argentina, legendary outlaw gaucho.
Salvatore Giuliano – Sicily, the historian Eric Hobsbawm described him as the last of the "people's bandits" (à la Robin Hood).
Tomoe Gozen – Japan, female samurai warrior.
Husein Gradaščević – Bosnia, called "Dragon of Bosnia", led the resistance of Bosnians and uprising for autonomy of Bosnia against the Ottoman Empire.
Zeng Guofan – China, best known for organizing the Xiang Army to suppress the Taiping Rebellion and restored the stability of the Qing Empire.
Simo Häyhä – Finland, a legendary sharpshooter in the Winter War with 505 confirmed kills.
Hekimoğlu – Turkish folk hero who led a campaign against feudal lords.
Wild Bill Hickok – United States, lawman, gunfighter, gambler, scout, Civil War soldier, stage coach driver, performer, abolitionist.
Hōne Heke – Māori chief who chopped down British flagpole three times.
Joe Hill – United States, union leader and songwriter wrongfully convicted of murder in 1915.^[22]
Andreas Hofer – Austrian and particularly Tirolian hero who resisted the Bavarians and Napoleon.
Doc Holliday – United States, western gunslinger.
Huo Yuanjia – China, famous Chinese martial artist who defeated foreign fighters at highly publicised matches and established the first civil martial arts association in China.
Ip Man – China, he was the first man teaching martial artist liberally; his most famous student was Bruce Lee.
Jesse James – United States, Wild West outlaw who supposedly robbed from the rich and gave to the poor (in reality his crimes only profited himself and his gang).^[23]
Calamity Jane – United States, a tough Wild West woman.
Jigger Johnson – United States, a lumberjack known for his exploits at hunting, brawling, and the like.^[24]^[25]
Casey Jones – United States, railroad engineer who remained in his locomotive and died in a collision while braking to save his passengers and sounding the whistle to warn the crew of the other train.^[26]
Konstanty Kalinowski – Belarus, leader of Belarusian, Polish, and Lithuanian national revival and the leader of the January uprising.
Kaluaiko'olau – Hawaii, Hawaiian man who evaded deportation for leprosy by hiding in the Hawaiian rain forests.^[27]
Karađorđe – Serbia, leader of the Serbian Revolution.^[28]
Voivode Micko – Macedonia, Serb revolutionary who fought in the Serbo-Turkish wars, Kumanovo uprising, Brsjak Revolt and the Macedonian Struggle.
Ustym Karmaliuk – Ukrainian counterpart of Robin Hood, who led a peasant rebellion.
Ned Kelly – Australia, bushranger and leader of the Kelly Gang who fought against a corrupt government system; most famous for crafting bullet-proof armor.
Cesare Battisti – Italy, patriot, geographer,^[29] socialist politician and journalist of Austrian citizenship, who became a prominent Italian irredentist at the start of World War I.
Sundance Kid – United States, outlaw and train robber.
Martin Luther King Jr. – United States, African American activist and leader of the Civil Rights Movement, who promoted nonviolent resistance in an effort to end policies of racial segregation.
Theodoros Kolokotronis – Greek general during the Greek War of Independence against the Ottoman Empire.
Tadeusz Kościuszko – Belarus/Poland, military leader.
Paul Kruger – South African Boer leader and President of the South African Republic (Transvaal).
Rani Lakshmibai – warrior Queen of Jhansi, fought and was martyred as the first revolutionary for Indian Independence.
Lam Sai-wing – China, Hung Gar martial artist and student of Wong Fei Hung, primarily responsible for popularizing Hung Gar style in the 20th century.
Lampião – Brazilian outlaw, leader of a Cangaço band in Northeast Brazil.
Abraham Lincoln – United States president during the Civil War.
Francisco Solano López – Paraguay, president during the Paraguayan War.
Ned Ludd – Britain, leader of the Luddites in the 1810s.
Nelson Mandela – South Africa, anti-apartheid activist who became president on apartheid's end.
José Martí – Cuban revolutionary, one of its greatest national heroes.
Jack Mary Ann – north Wales, a folk hero from the Wrexham area whose fictionalised exploits continue to circulate in local folklore.
James Mckenzie – New Zealand, outlaw and inspiration to landless immigrants in early colonial New Zealand.
Juan Moreira – legendary Argentine outlaw, famed as a skillful knife fighter. He is considered one of the most important figures in Argentine history.
Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino – Italy, judges and prosecuting magistrates. From their office in the Palace of Justice in Palermo, Sicily, they spent most of their professional life trying to overthrow the power of the Sicilian Mafia. After a long and distinguished careers, culminating in the Maxi Trial in 1986–1987, Falcone was assassinated by the Corleonesi Mafia in the Capaci bombing, while Borsellino was killed by a car bomb in Via D'Amelio. They were named as heroes of the last 60 years in the 13 November 2006 issue of Time Magazine.^[30]
Joseph Montferrand – Canada, a larger than life French Canadian woodsman popularly known as Big Joe Mufferaw.
Audie Murphy – United States, hero of WWII, Medal of Honor recipient
George S. Patton – United States, general, commanded the Third United States Army during World War II, image popularized by the 1970 award-winning epic biographical war film Patton.
Pedro I of Brazil – hero of Brazilian independence and hero of the Portuguese Civil War.
Pemulwuy – Australia, an Aboriginal resistance leader.
Philippe Petit – France, tightrope artist who walked between the two towers of the World Trade Center.
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman – Bangladesh, led Bengali nation's decade long struggle for independence against then autocratic rule of Pakistan, finally resulting in the Bangladesh Liberation War and the independence of Bangladesh.
Pazhassi Raja – India, fought against British Raj in south India (Kerala) with guerrilla war tactics.
Bass Reeves – United States, the first black deputy U.S. marshal west of the Mississippi River. He worked mostly in Arkansas and the Oklahoma Territory. During his long career, he was credited with arresting more than 3,000 felons. He shot and killed 14 outlaws in self-defense.
Paul Revere – American silversmith and a patriot in the American Revolution whose 'Midnight Ride' warned patriot rebels of the arrival of the British military troops.
Manfred von Richthofen – Germany, air force pilot known as the "Red Baron", ace-of-aces during World War I.
Manuel Rodríguez – Chilean lawyer and people's hero, who fought the Spanish with often nothing more than crafty disguises.
Louis Riel – Canada, founder of Manitoba, led two rebellions against the Dominion of Canada.
Dorus Rijkers – the Netherlands, sailor and savior of over 500 men, women and children as the captain of a rescue-boat, in the late 19th century and the early 20th century.
José Rizal – Philippines, a critic of the Spanish colonizers, was executed Bagumbayan (now Rizal Park).
Erwin Rommel – the "Desert Fox", field marshal, panzer commander during the African campaign in World War II.
Rob Roy – Scotland, outlaw whose word was his bond.
Nana Saheb Peshwa II – India, a leader in the First War of Indian Independence until his mysterious disappearance.
Deborah Sampson – American, Female soldier who disguised herself as a man to fight in the American Revolution.
Juan Santamaría – Costa Rican national hero.
El Santo – Real life Mexican wrestler, with heavy fictionalised adventures in movies and comic books.
Laura Secord – Canada, heroine of the War of 1812.
Sitting Bull – shaman leader of the Hunkpapa Lakota.
Crazy Horse – Lakota military leader, known for defeating Custer at Little Bighorn.
Soapy Smith – United States, infamous 19th-century Colorado and Alaska con-man and gangster.
Claus von Stauffenberg – Germany, failed attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler during the 20 July plot.
Samuel Steele – Canada, a Mountie who brought peace to the Canadian West and law and order to Yukon, preventing bloodshed between the First Nation peoples and the settler peoples of Canada.
Ludvík Svoboda – Czechoslovakia, general and politician who fought in both World Wars.^[31]^[32]
Tamanend – United States, a Native American chief who became the source of many folk legends during the American Revolutionary War.
Tecumseh – United States, Shawnee chief who formed a Native American confederacy to combat the United States.
Ten Tigers of Canton – China, group of ten prominent fighters in Southern China.
Joseph Trumpeldor – Israel, leader of the Jewish forces at Tel Hai.
Nat Turner – America, leader of Nat Turner's Rebellion (also known as the Southampton Insurrection), a slave rebellion that took place in Southampton County, Virginia in August 1831.
Dick Turpin – England, highwayman.
Pancho Villa – Mexico, fought in the 1910s Mexican revolution with Emiliano Zapata.
Tudor Vladimirescu – Romania, leader of the Wallachian uprising of 1821.
Wong Fei Hung – China, Chinese doctor, acupuncturist, Chinese martial artist, and revolutionary.
James Morrow Walsh – Canada, a Mountie who turned Sitting Bull and his peoples from enemies into friends in 1879.
Hannah Szenes – Jewish paratrooper who was sent to Yugoslavia to rescue Hungarian Jews during World War II.
Zuo Zongtang – China, military leader of the late Qing dynasty who crushed the Dungan Revolt and recaptured Xinjiang Province from rebel forces.
Ismail Qemali – Albania, Founding father of the modern Albanian state.
Isa Boletini – Albania, Founding father of the modern Albanian State.
Çerçiz Topulli – Albania, Military commander fought against the Ottoman, Greek and Serbian troops.

Possibly apocryphal

Samson – Israel, one of the judges, who became a legend due to his superhuman strength.
King Arthur – Britain, legendary British warlord said to have united the Britons against the Germanic invaders, with the support of the Knights of Camelot.
Beowulf – Scandinavia, legendary Geatish hero later turned king
Cúchulainn – Ireland, folk legend and the pre-eminent hero of Ulaid in the Ulster Cycle.
Moremi Ajasoro – Nigeria, Yoruba queen and heroine of Ife
Till Eulenspiegel or Tijl Uilenspiegel – Germany and the Low Countries, trickster and jester.
Fionn mac Cumhaill – Ireland, warrior, leader of the Fianna. Primary figure in the Oisin cycle.
Fong Sai-Yuk – China, martial arts folk hero.
Yamato Takeru – Japanese prince and legendary warrior.
Grettir the Strong – Icelandic outlaw.
John Henry – United States, mighty steel-driving African-American.
Heracles – Greece, strongman and demigod.
Homer – poet credited as the author of The Iliad and The Odyssey.
Robin Hood – England, outlaw usually associated with the motto "Steal from the rich, give to the poor".
The Three Musketeers – France, some highly skilled musketeers particularly fictionalized by Alexandre Dumas.
Hua Mulan – China, heroine who disguised herself as a man to join an army.
Hung Hei-Gun – China, martial arts folk hero.
Maui (mythology) – Great culture hero and trickster in Polynesian mythology.
Ilya Muromets – Kievan Rus', heroic knight from the Russian bylinas.
Merlin – Britain, the greatest Mage to have ever existed, it's unknown if he was real and if he was an alchemist or a priest.
Nai Khanom Tom – Thailand, master of Muay Thai.
Nasreddin Hodja – Seljuk Empire, Muslim philosopher and wise man.
Miloš Obilić – Serbian knight, assassin of Ottoman sultan Murad I.
Odysseus – Greece, legendary king of Ithaca.
Ragnar Lodbrok or Lothbrok – Sweden and Denmark, legendary Viking king.
Rummu Jüri – Estonia, outlaw who stole from the rich to give to the poor.
Molly Pitcher – American, Military woman who carried water pitchers for American soldiers in the Revolutionary war
Siegfried – Germany, the legendary dragon-slaying hero in Nibelungenlied.
Sundiata Keita – Mali, founder of the Mali Empire and king of the Mandinke people.
Tardanak [ru] – Altaic peoples, cunning boy-knight and opponent of giants.^[33]
William Tell – Switzerland, hunter who began the rebellion against the Austrians.
Twm Siôn Cati – Wales, robber and trickster nicknamed the Welsh Wizard.
Achilles – Greece, hero of the Trojan War, the greatest of all the Greek warriors

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List_of_folk_heroes

List of folk heroes

Historically documented

Antiquity (up to 450 AD)

Middle Ages (450–1500)

Early modern period (1500–1800)

Modern period (1800–present)

Possibly apocryphal

Fictional

References

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